持续性血液滤过联合高流量吸氧治疗重症急性呼吸综合征的疗效及对血清炎症因子水平的影响

目的:探讨持续性血液滤过联合高流量吸氧治疗重症急性呼吸综合征的疗效及对血清炎症因子水平的影响。方法:选择2013年2月至2016年2月我院接诊的60例重症急性呼吸综合征患者,通过随机数表法将其分为观察组(n=30)和对照组(n=30)。观察组采用持续性血液滤过联合高流量吸氧进行治疗,对照组采用持续性血液滤过进行治疗。比较两组临床疗效、治疗前后动脉血氧分压(PaO_2)、动脉血二氧化碳分压(PaCO_2)、氧合指数、氢离子浓度指数(pH)值、呼吸频率(RR)、心率(HR)、血清C反应蛋白(CRP)、白介素6(IL-6)、白介素8(IL-8)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)水平的变化及不良反应的发生情况。结果:治疗后,观察组有效率为76.67%,显著高于对照组(50.00%,P0.05)。两组治疗后PaO_2、PaCO_2、氧合指数、pH值、RR、HR均较治疗前明显改善,观察组患者PaO_2、氧合指数明显高于对照组,PaCO_2、pH值、RR、HR、血清CRP、IL-6、IL-8及TNF-α水平均显著低于对照组(P0.05)。治疗期间,观察组患者不良反应总发生率(10.00%)显著低于对照组(36.67%,P0.05);观察组死亡1例(3.33%),对照组死亡6例(20.00%),观察组病死率显著低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:持续性血液滤过联合高流量吸氧治疗重症急性呼吸综合征患者的临床疗效及安全性明显优于单用持续性血液滤过治疗,可能与其更有效减轻炎症反应有关。     

猪肝刺激物质pHSS对离体肝细胞DNA合成的影响

应用[~3H]TdR掺入离体培养大鼠肝细胞DNA的方法,测定由本室提取的pHSS的生物活性。结果表明,pHSS可显著促进原代培养大鼠肝细胞的DNA合成,其促进率约为对照组的10倍左右。培养液中血清浓度对pHSS的生物活性表达有显著影响,不同浓度血清可以使pHSS表现出不同的量效关系,这些结果在Buffello大鼠肝细胞系的实验中得到进一步证实。在低剂量pHSS的刺激下,不同年龄大鼠肝细胞的[~3H]TdR掺入率无显著差异。但高剂量时,pHSS对幼鼠作用不明显。     

天童山森林土壤种子库的时空格局

土壤种子库是植物群落的潜在物种库。在中国东部典型丘陵地区天童国家森林公园内选取8类微地形, 分别于2008年9月、12月和2009年3月、6月进行野外调查取样和室内实验, 从总计1,960份土样中挑选种子进行鉴定及分类统计, 研究其时空格局, 探讨自然森林土壤种子库的基本特征及分布规律。结果显示: (1)共检出有活力的种子5,024粒, 共鉴定出68个种, 其中定名种65个; 落叶阔叶乔木和常绿阔叶小乔木物种数量以及种子数量均占优势; 土壤种子库与地上植被共有种为48种, 相似性系数为0.45。(2) 2级和3级顶坡及下部边坡、麓坡、泛滥性阶地种子库储量较大, 而高上部边坡、中上部边坡和低上部边坡种子库储量较小。雷公鹅耳枥(Carpinus viminea)和细枝柃(Eurya loquaiana)是各个微地形单元种子库的优势种。其他优势种中, 上部坡面的微地形主要为格药柃(E. muricata)、短梗冬青(Ilex buergeri)、黑山山矾(Symplocos heishanensis)、四川山矾(S. setchuensis)等常绿树种, 而下部坡面的微地形主要为南酸枣(Choerospondias axillaris)、橄榄槭(Acer olivaceum)、西川朴(Celtis vandervoetiana)等落叶树种。(3)土壤种子库储量在垂直空间上的分布是0-2 cm土层>2-5 cm土层>5-10 cm土层>枯枝落叶层。(4)土壤种子库具有明显的季节动态, 其储量在各个取样时间中的分布为12月>3月>9月>6月。     

中国学术期刊网络出版总库节点文献新疆驴脑组织尼帕病毒N基因片段的检测

目的检测新疆伊犁草原地区放养新疆驴的脑组织样本中尼帕病毒（Nipah Virus,NiV）核蛋白（N）基因片段,调查该地区放养新疆驴NiV感染流行状况。方法采用一步法实时荧光定量逆转录聚合酶链反应（one-step Real-Time FQ RT-PCR）对采自新疆伊犁地区草原放养且未接种NiV疫苗的65例新疆驴脑组织进行NiVN基因片段检测。结果新疆驴脑组织标本中未检出NiV N基因片段。结论目前尚无证据表明我国新疆伊犁地区新疆驴中存在NiV感染,提示该地区短时间内爆发该病毒感染可能性较小。     

MTHFR基因C677T多态性与内蒙古汉族人群中冠心病的关系

目的:检测中国内蒙古汉族人群中MTHFR基因多态性与冠心病的关系.方法:研究组包括62例冠心病(coronary heartdisease,CHD)患者和120例正常对照人群,用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性技术(PCR-RFLP)分析C677T型突变.结果:677T/T基因型在冠心病人群中更普遍,是正常人群的3.4倍.结论:在内蒙古汉族人群中,677T/T基因型增加了个体患冠心痛的风险性.     

Resistance function of rice lipid transfer protein LTP110

Plant lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) are a class of proteins whose functions are still unknown. Some are proposed to have antimicrobial activities. To understand whether LTP110, a rice LTP that we previously identified from rice leaves, plays a role in the protection function against some serious rice pathogens, we investigated the antifungal and antibacterial properties of LTP110. A cDNA sequence, encoding the mature peptide of LTP110, was cloned into the Impact-CN prokaryotic expression system. The purified protein was used for an in vitro inhibition test against rice pathogens, Pyricularia oryzae and Xanthomonas oryzae. The results showed that LTP110 inhibited the germination of Pyricularia oryzae spores, and its inhibitory activity decreased in the presence of a divalent cation. This suggests that the antifungal activity is affected by ions in the media; LTP110 only slightly inhibited the growth of Xanthomonas oryzae. However, the addition of LTP110 to cultured Chinese hamster ovarian cells did not retard growth, suggesting that the toxicity of LTP110 is only restricted to some cell types. Its antimicrobial activity is potentially due to interactions between LTP and microbe-specific structures.     

Characterization and Distribution of a Cloned Rat μ-Opioid Receptor

Abstract: We have cloned and expressed a rat brain cDNA, TS11, that encodes a μ-opioid receptor based on pharmacological, physiological, and anatomical criteria. Membranes were prepared from COS-7 cells transiently expressing TS11 bound [³H]diprenorphine with high affinity (K_D = 0.23 ± 0.04 nM). The rank order potency of drugs competing with [³H]diprenorphine was as follows: levorphanol (K_i = 0.6 ± 0.2 nM) ≈β-endorphin (K_i = 0.7 ± 0.5 nM) ≈ morphine (K_i = 0.8 ± 0.5 nM) ≈ [d -Ala², N-Me-Phe⁴,Gly-ol⁵]-enkephalin (DAMGO; K_i = 1.6 ± 0.5 nM) ? U50,488 (K_i = 910 ± 0.78 nM) > [d -Pen^2,5]-enkephalin (K_i = 3,170 ± 98 nM) > dextrorphan (K_i = 4,100 ± 68 nM). The rank order potencies of these ligands, the stereospecificity of levorphanol, and morphine's subnanomolar K_i are consistent with a μ-opioid binding site. Two additional experiments provided evidence that this opioid-binding site is functionally coupled to G proteins: (a) In COS-7 cells 50 µM 5′-guanylylimidodiphosphate shifted a fraction of receptors with high affinity for DAMGO (IC₅₀ = 3.4 ± 0.5 nM) to a lower-affinity state (IC₅₀ = 89.0 ± 19.0 nM), and (b) exposure of Chinese hamster ovary cells stably expressing the cloned μ-opioid receptor to DAMGO resulted in a dose-dependent, naloxone-sensitive inhibition of forskolin-stimulated cyclic AMP production. The distribution of mRNA corresponding to the μ-opioid receptor encoded by TS11 was determined by in situ hybridization to brain sections prepared from adult female rats. The highest levels of μ-receptor mRNA were detected in the thalamus, medial habenula, and the caudate putamen; however, significant hybridization was also observed in many other brain regions, including the hypothalamus.     

Effects of Elevated Carbon Dioxide on the Growth and Foliar Chemistry of Transgenic Bt Cotton

A field study was carried out to quantify plant growth and the foliar chemistry of transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis （Bt） cotton （cv. GK-12） exposed to ambient CO2 and elevated （double-ambient） CO2 for different lengths of time （1, 2 and 3 months） in 2004 and 2005. The results indicated that CO2 levels significantly affected plant height, leaf area per plant and leaf chemistry of transgenic Bt cotton. Significantly, higher plant height and leaf area per plant were observed after cotton plants that were grown in elevated CO2 were compared with plants grown in ambient CO2 for 1, 2 and 3 months in the investigation. Simultaneously, significant interaction between CO2 level x investigating year was observed in leaf area per plant. Moreover, foliar total amino acids were increased by 14%, 13%, 11% and 12%, 14%, 10% in transgenic Bt cotton after exposed to elevated CO2 for 1, 2 or 3 months compared with ambient CO2 in 2004 and 2005, respectively. Condensed tannin occurrence increased by 17%, 11%, 9% in 2004 and 12%, 11%, 9% in 2005 in transgenic Bt cotton after being exposed to elevated CO2 for 1, 2 or 3 months compared with ambient CO2 for the same time. However, Bt toxin decreased by 3.0%, 2.9%, 3.1% and 2.4%, 2.5%, 2.9% in transgenic Bt cotton after exposed to elevated CO2 for 1, 2 or 3months compared with ambient CO2 for same time in 2004 and 2005, respectively. Furthermore, there was prominent interaction on the foliar total amino acids between the CO2 level and the time of cotton plant being exposed to elevated CO2. It is presumed that elevated CO2 can alter the plant growth and hence ultimately the phenotype allocation to foliar chemistical components of transgenic Bt cotton, which may in turn, affect the plant-herbivore interactions.     

Beta-1 integrins mediate substrate dependent effects of 1α,25(OH)2D3 on osteoblasts

Surface micron-scale and submicron scale features increase osteoblast differentiation and enhance responses of osteoblasts to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃ [1α,25(OH)₂D₃]. β₁ integrin expression is increased in osteoblasts grown on Ti substrates with rough microarchitecture, and it is regulated by 1α,25(OH)₂D₃ in a surface-dependent manner. To determine if β₁ has a role in mediating osteoblast response, we silenced β₁ expression in MG63 human osteoblast-like cells using small interfering RNA (siRNA). In addition, MG63 cells were treated with two different monoclonal antibodies to human β₁ to block ligand binding. β₁-silenced MG63 cells grown on a tissue culture plastic had reduced alkaline phosphatase activity and levels of osteocalcin, transforming growth factor β₁, prostaglandin E₂, and osteoprotegerin in comparison with control cells. Moreover, β₁-silencing inhibited the effects of surface roughness on these parameters and partially inhibited effects of 1α,25(OH)₂D₃. Anti β₁ antibodies decreased alkaline phosphatase but increase osteocalcin; effects of 1α,25(OH)₂D₃ on cell number and alkaline phosphatase were reduced and effects on osteocalcin were increased. These findings indicate that β₁ plays a major and complex role in osteoblastic differentiation modulated by either surface microarchitecture or 1α,25(OH)₂D₃. The results also show that β₁ mediates, in part, the synergistic effects of surface roughness and 1α,25(OH)₂D₃.     

Requirement of Myosin Vb��Rab11a��Rab11-FIP2 Complex in Cholesterol-regulated Translocation of NPC1L1 to the Cell Surface

Niemann-Pick C1-like 1 (NPC1L1) plays a critical role in the enterohepatic absorption of free cholesterol. Cellular cholesterol depletion induces the transport of NPC1L1 from the endocytic recycling compartment to the plasma membrane (PM), and cholesterol replenishment causes the internalization of NPC1L1 together with cholesterol via clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Although NPC1L1 has been characterized, the other proteins involved in cholesterol absorption and the endocytic recycling of NPC1L1 are largely unknown. Most of the vesicular trafficking events are dependent on the cytoskeleton and motor proteins. Here, we investigated the roles of the microfilament and microfilament-associated triple complex composed of myosin Vb, Rab11a, and Rab11-FIP2 in the transport of NPC1L1 from the endocytic recycling compartment to the PM. Interfering with the dynamics of the microfilament by pharmacological treatment delayed the transport of NPC1L1 to the cell surface. Meanwhile, inactivation of any component of the myosin Vb·Rab11a·Rab11-FIP2 triple complex inhibited the export of NPC1L1. Expression of the dominant-negative mutants of myosin Vb, Rab11a, or Rab11-FIP2 decreased the cellular cholesterol uptake by blocking the transport of NPC1L1 to the PM. These results suggest that the efficient transport of NPC1L1 to the PM is dependent on the microfilament-associated myosin Vb·Rab11a·Rab11-FIP2 triple complex.Cholesterol homeostasis in human bodies is maintained through regulated cholesterol synthesis, absorption, and excretion. Intestinal cholesterol absorption is one of the major pathways to maintain cholesterol balance. NPC1L1 (Niemann-Pick C1-like protein 1), a polytopic transmembrane protein highly expressed in the intestine and liver, is required for dietary cholesterol uptake and biliary cholesterol reabsorption (1–4). Genetic or pharmaceutical inactivation of NPC1L1 significantly inhibits cholesterol absorption and confers the resistance to diet-induced hypercholesterolemia (1, 2, 4). Ezetimibe, an NPC1L1-specific inhibitor, is currently used to prevent and treat cardiovascular diseases (5).Human NPC1L1 contains 1,332 residues with 13 transmembrane domains (6). The third to seventh transmembrane helices constitute a conserved sterol-sensing domain (4, 7). NPC1L1 recycles between the endocytic recycling compartment (ERC)³ and the plasma membrane (PM) in response to the changes of cholesterol level (8). ERC is a part of early endosomes that is involved in the recycling of many transmembrane proteins. It is also reported that ERC is a pool for free cholesterol storage (9). When cellular cholesterol concentration is low, NPC1L1 moves from the ERC to the PM (8, 10). Under cholesterol-replenishing conditions, NPC1L1 and cholesterol are internalized together and transported to the ERC (8). Disruption of microfilament, depletion of the clathrin·AP2 complex, or ezetimibe treatment can impede the endocytosis of NPC1L1, thereby decreasing cholesterol internalization (8, 10, 11).The microfilament (MF) system, part of the cytoskeleton network, is required for multiple cellular functions such as cell shape maintenance, cell motility, mitosis, protein secretion, and endocytosis (12, 13). The major players in the microfilament system are actin fibers and motor proteins (14). Actin fibers form a network that serves as the tracks for vesicular transport (15, 16). Meanwhile, the dynamic assembly and disassembly of actin fibers and the motor proteins provides the driving force for a multitude of membrane dynamics including endocytosis, exocytosis, and vesicular trafficking between compartments (15, 16).Myosins are a large family of motor proteins that are responsible for actin-based mobility (14). Class V myosins (17, 18), comprising myosin Va, Vb, and Vc, are involved in a wide range of vesicular trafficking events in different mammalian tissues. Myosin Va is expressed mainly in neuronal tissues (19, 20), whereas myosins Vb and Vc are universally expressed with enrichment in epithelial cells (21, 22). Class V myosins are recruited to their targeting vesicles by small GTPase proteins (Rab) (23). Rab11a and Rab11 family-interacting protein 2 (Rab11-FIP2) facilitate the binding of myosin Vb to the cargo proteins of endocytic recycling vesicles (24–28).Myosin Vb binds Rab11a and Rab11-FIP2 through the C-terminal tail (CT) domain. The triple complex of myosin Vb, Rab11a, and Rab11-FIP2 is critical for endocytic vesicular transport and the recycling of many proteins including transferrin receptor (29), AMPA receptors (30), CFTR (28), GLUT4 (31, 32), aquaporin-2 (26), and β2-adrenergic receptors (33). The myosin Vb-CT domain (24) competes for binding to Rab11a and Rab11-FIP2 and functions as a dominant-negative form. Expression of the CT domain substantially impairs the transport of vesicles. Deficient endocytic trafficking is also observed in cells expressing the GDP-locked form of Rab11a (S25N) (34) or a truncated Rab11-FIP2, which competes for the rab11a binding (35).Here we investigated the roles of actin fibers and motor proteins in the cholesterol-regulated endocytic recycling of NPC1L1. Using pharmaceutical inactivation, dominant-negative forms, and an siRNA technique, we demonstrated that actin fibers and myosin Vb·Rab11a·Rab11-FIP2 triple complex are involved in the export of NPC1L1 to the PM and that this intact MF-associated triple complex is required for efficient cholesterol uptake. Characterization of the molecules involved in the recycling of NPC1L1 may shed new light upon the mechanism of cholesterol absorption.