代谢型谷氨酸受体在突触可塑性中的作用研究进展

突触可塑性是近 30年来神经科学领域的研究热点之一 ,它主要包括长时程增强 (long termpotentiation ,LTP)和长时程抑制 (long termdepression ,LTD)。以往的研究已经证实 ,离子型谷氨酸受体 (iGluRs)中的NMDA受体和AMPA受体 ,在LTP和LTD的诱导和维持中通过阳离子内流 ,引起细胞内的级联反应而起作用。新近的研究发现 ,代谢型谷氨酸受体 (mGluRs)与G蛋白偶联 ,通过细胞内的多种信使系统介导慢突触传递。本文主要就mGluRs在不同脑区LTP和LTD中的作用进行综述     

Alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone protects retinal pigment epithelium cells from oxidative stress through activation of melanocortin 1 receptor–Akt–mTOR signaling

Patients with age related macular degeneration (AMD) will develop vision loss in the center of the visual field. Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cell apoptosis is an important contributor of AMD. In this study, we explored the pro-survival effect of α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) on oxidative stressed RPE cells. We found that α-MSH receptor melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) was functionally expressed in primary and transformed RPE cells. RPE cells were response to α-MSH stimulation. α-MSH activated Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and Erk1/2 signalings in RPE cells, which were inhibited by MC1R siRNA knockdown. α-MSH protected RPE cells from hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)-induced apoptosis, an effect that was almost abolished when MC1R was depleted by siRNA. α-MSH-mediated S6K1 activation and pro-survival effect against H₂O₂ was inhibited by Akt inhibitors (perifosine, MK-2206 and LY294002). Further, mTOR inhibition by rapamycin, or by mTOR siRNA knockdown, diminished α-MSH’s pro-survival effect in RPE cells. Thus, Akt and its downstream mTOR signaling mediates α-MSH-induced survival in RPE cells. In summary, we have identified a new α-MSH–MC1R physiologic pathway that reduces H₂O₂-induced RPE cell damage, and might minimize the risk of developing AMD.     

肾素-血管紧张素系统在调节肾脏活动和慢性肾功能不全中的作用

一、肾内RAS的组成、生物学特征及肾内分布;(一)有关RAS的研究进展;(二)肾脏组织局部的RAS;(三)AngⅡ受体的亚型及其在肾内的分布;二、AngⅡ对肾脏血流动力学的影响;三、AngⅡ对肾脏的非血流动力学效应;(一)AngⅡ的促生长作用及促纤维生成效应;(二)AngⅡ作为促炎症因子的作用;四、有关RAS在肾功能不全中的临床研究     

不同抗性猕猴桃品种感染溃疡病前后几种保护酶活性变化

研究了不同猕猴桃品种展叶孕蕾期自然感染溃疡病菌前后一年生枝条、叶片内过氧化物酶(POD)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)酶活性的变化情况.结果表明:感染溃疡病菌前后,抗病品种和感病品种枝条及成叶中防御酶系活性变化规律存在一定的差异.品种未受溃疡病菌感染时,一年生枝条、叶片中的POD、PPO、SOD、CAT酶活性抗病品种的酶活性均低于感病品种.品种自然感染溃疡病菌后,一年生枝条、叶片POD、PPO、SOD、CAT、PAL酶活性均升高,且酶活性的增加幅度是抗病品种中酶活提高倍数高于感病品种.而且这种增量在不同保护酶类以及不同组织部位是有差异的.     

Fluorescence imaging in vivo: recent advances

In vivo fluorescence imaging uses a sensitive camera to detect fluorescence emission from fluorophores in whole-body living small animals. To overcome the photon attenuation in living tissue, fluorophores with long emission at the near-infrared (NIR) region are generally preferred, including widely used small indocarbocyanine dyes. The list of NIR probes continues to grow with the recent addition of fluorescent organic, inorganic and biological nanoparticles. Recent advances in imaging strategies and reporter techniques for in vivo fluorescence imaging include novel approaches to improve the specificity and affinity of the probes and to modulate and amplify the signal at target sites for enhanced sensitivity. Further emerging developments are aiming to achieve high-resolution, multimodality and lifetime-based in vivo fluorescence imaging.     

苏云金芽孢杆菌S1478-1分离株的特性鉴定及cry1Ac同源基因克隆

本研究对从海南岛尖峰岭热带雨林自然保护区的土壤样品中分离出的Bt菌株S1478-1进行了特性鉴定,研究表明S1478-1分离株菌落形态和生长特征和Bt参照菌株HD73极其相似.16S rDNA序列分析表明,S1478-1分离株与其它B.thuringiensis、B.cereus和B.anthracis的16S rDNA序列相似性达到99%.分离株能产菱形伴胞晶体,SDS-PAGE蛋白电泳分析表明,菌株在生长后期,形成芽孢同时分泌130 kD大小的晶体蛋白.生物测定表明S1478-1分离株对小菜蛾具有很高的毒杀活性,LC50卯值高达5.159 ×108cfu/mL.初步显示S1478-1分离株可作为防治鳞翅目害虫的生物农药菌株.利用PCR-RFLP方法鉴定S1478-1分离株含有cry1Ac同源基因,以PCR粘性端克隆方法扩增全长基因,序列测定表明该基因ORF为3 537bp,编码1178个氨基酸,推定的编码蛋白分子量为133.3 kD,与其它cry1Ac基因序列最高达到99%同源,因此,该基因可作为杀虫工程菌及培育转基因抗虫作物的候选基因.     

MYH9: structure,functions and role of non-muscle myosin ⅡA in human disease

MYH9-related diseases (MYH9-RD) are a group of autosomal dominant diseases caused by mutations in the MYH9 gene, which are featured by thrombocytopenia, giant platelets and granulocyte cytoplasmic inclusion bodies. MYH9-RD patients generally suffer from bleeding syndromes, progressive kidney disease, deafness, or cataracts. Here, we reported on a case of MYH9-RD. A novel heterozygous mutation of MYH9 (c.2344-2345delGTinsTA, p.T782Y) was discovered by targeted sequencing technology. Immunofluorescence analysis of neutrophils confirmed abnormal aggregation of MYH9 protein. The results of this study should expand the MYH9 gene mutation spectrum and provide reference for subsequent researchers and genetic counseling.