Zanthoxylum armatum and Zanthoxylum bungeanum, known as ‘Chinese pepper’, are distinguished by their extraordinary complex genomes, phenotypic innovation of adaptive evolution and species-special metabolites. Here, we report reference-grade genomes of Z. armatum and Z. bungeanum. Using high coverage sequence data and comprehensive assembly strategies, we derived 66 pseudochromosomes comprising 33 homologous phased groups of two subgenomes, including autotetraploid Z. armatum. The genomic rearrangements and two whole-genome duplications created large (~4.5 Gb) complex genomes with a high ratio of repetitive sequences (>82%) and high chromosome number (2n = 4x = 132). Further analysis of the high-quality genomes shed lights on the genomic basis of involutional reproduction, allomones biosynthesis and adaptive evolution in Chinese pepper, revealing a high consistent relationship between genomic evolution, environmental factors and phenotypic innovation. Our study provides genomic resources and new insights for investigating diversification and phenotypic innovation in Chinese pepper, with broader implications for the protection of plants under severe environmental changes. 相似文献
This paper reports a sequence of a Ca3YAl3B4O15:xEu3+ red phosphor prepared using a high-temperature solid-state reaction. At the excitation of 396 nm, the samples emitted intense red emission centred at ~623 nm, which could be attributed to the 5D0→7F2 transition of the Eu3+ ion. The results showed that the optimum Eu3+ doping concentration of Ca3YAl3B4O15:Eu3+ phosphor was x = 80 mol%, and the concentration quenching mechanism of Ca3YAl3B4O15:Eu3+ red phosphor belonged to the exchange coupling between Eu3+ ions. The Commission Internationale de l'éclairage (CIE) coordinates and colour purity of Ca3Y0.2Al3B4O15:0.8Eu3+ were calculated as (0.6375, 0.3476) and 95.5%, respectively. Moreover, the red emission of the obtained phosphor Ca3YAl3B4O15:0.8Eu3+ exhibited a low thermal quenching behaviour with an intensity retention rate of 92.85% at 150°C. The above results manifest that the Eu3+-activated Ca3YAl3B4O15 phosphor is predicted to be a promising red luminescent component for white light-emitting diodes. 相似文献
Protoplasma - Aerenchyma formation plays an important role in the survival of Potamogeton perfoliatus in submerged environment. To understand the regulatory role of reactive oxygen species (ROS)... 相似文献
Isolated microspore culture has been implemented in breeding programs to produce doubled haploid (DH) lines and thus accelerates the breeding process. However, low microspore embryogenesis frequency in flowering Chinese cabbage remains a key obstacle to the practical application of this technique. This study aimed to establish an efficient microspore culture protocol for flowering Chinese cabbage that would be applied for heterosis breeding. Microspores of five genotypes, 19AY05, 19AY06, 19AY10, 19AY12, and 19AY15, were successfully induced to produce embryos in NLN-13 medium. Microspores of two genotypes, 19AY05 and 19AY15, were cultivated in NLN-13 medium supplemented with different concentrations (0, 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, or 0.2 mg·L−1) of compound sodium nitrophenol (sodium nitrophenol, 5-nitrophenol) to enhance microspore embryogenesis and plant regeneration without an intervening callus phase. The results showed that 0.05 ~ 0.1 mg· L−1 sodium nitrophenol and 0.01 ~ 0.2 mg· L−1 of 5-nitrophenol significantly promoted the induction of microspore embryogenesis of two genotypes, and the best concentrations required for different genotypes are different. Moreover, 0.1 mg· L−1 sodium nitrophenol can significantly increase the plant regeneration rate of the two genetypes. The 5-nitrophenol at 0.01 mg·L−1 significantly increased rate of embryos directly convert to plant in 19AY15. In addition, the average doubled haploid rates in the five genotypes were close to 63%. Horticultural traits of DH lines from 19AY05 were identified and all of them were self-incompatible lines. They showed a high uniformity and consistency that can be directly used for hybrid breeding. Furthermore, the hybrid combination was prepared with the selected DH lines and the Guangdong nucleus genic sterile line GMS019 to screen the excellent hybrid combination for the flowering Chinese cabbage breeding program. This method accelerates the application of microspore culture in hybrid breeding of flowering Chinese cabbage.
Protoplasma - Microspore embryogenesis is an effective method of obtaining double haploid (DH) lines in only 1 year. However, the microspore embryogenesis protocol was not efficient in... 相似文献
As one of the common and serious chronic complications of diabetes mellitus (DM), the related mechanism of diabetic retinopathy (DR) has not been fully understood. Müller cell reactive gliosis is one of the early pathophysiological features of DR. Therefore, exploring the manner to reduce diabetes-induced Müller cell damage is essential to delay DR. Thioredoxin 1 (Trx1), one of the ubiquitous redox enzymes, plays a vital role in redox homeostasis via protein–protein interactions, including apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1). Previous studies have shown that upregulation of Trx by some drugs can attenuate endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) in DR, but the related mechanism was unclear. In this study, we used DM mouse and high glucose (HG)-cultured human Müller cells as models to clarify the effect of Trx1 on ERS and the underlying mechanism. The data showed that the diabetes-induced Müller cell damage was increased significantly. Moreover, the expression of ERS and reactive gliosis was also upregulated in diabetes in vivo and in vitro. However, it was reversed after Trx1 overexpression. Besides, ERS-related protein expression, reactive gliosis, and apoptosis were decreased after transfection with ASK1 small-interfering RNA in stable Trx1 overexpression Müller cells after HG treatment. Taken together, Trx1 could protect Müller cells from diabetes-induced damage, and the underlying mechanism was related to inhibited ERS via ASK1. 相似文献