全文获取类型
收费全文 | 193篇 |
免费 | 25篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 1篇 |
2019年 | 2篇 |
2017年 | 2篇 |
2016年 | 4篇 |
2015年 | 14篇 |
2014年 | 9篇 |
2013年 | 19篇 |
2012年 | 7篇 |
2011年 | 24篇 |
2010年 | 15篇 |
2009年 | 3篇 |
2008年 | 13篇 |
2007年 | 12篇 |
2006年 | 8篇 |
2005年 | 9篇 |
2004年 | 12篇 |
2003年 | 9篇 |
2002年 | 10篇 |
2001年 | 1篇 |
2000年 | 2篇 |
1999年 | 2篇 |
1996年 | 2篇 |
1995年 | 4篇 |
1989年 | 1篇 |
1988年 | 1篇 |
1986年 | 1篇 |
1985年 | 3篇 |
1984年 | 1篇 |
1983年 | 1篇 |
1982年 | 2篇 |
1981年 | 2篇 |
1980年 | 1篇 |
1979年 | 2篇 |
1978年 | 1篇 |
1977年 | 1篇 |
1976年 | 1篇 |
1975年 | 2篇 |
1974年 | 5篇 |
1973年 | 1篇 |
1971年 | 1篇 |
1965年 | 1篇 |
1964年 | 1篇 |
1963年 | 1篇 |
1962年 | 1篇 |
1956年 | 1篇 |
1954年 | 1篇 |
1951年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有218条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
71.
Frank M. Schmidt Julia Weschenfelder Christian Sander Juliane Minkwitz Julia Thormann Tobias Chittka Roland Mergl Kenneth C. Kirkby Mathias Fa?hauer Michael Stumvoll Lesca M. Holdt Daniel Teupser Ulrich Hegerl Hubertus Himmerich 《PloS one》2015,10(3)
Context
Chronic systemic inflammation in obesity originates from local immune responses in visceral adipose tissue. However, assessment of a broad range of inflammation-mediating cytokines and their relationship to physical activity and adipometrics has scarcely been reported to date.Objective
To characterize the profile of a broad range of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and the impact of physical activity and energy expenditure in individuals with general obesity, central obesity, and non-obese subjects.Design, Setting, and Participants
A cross-sectional study comprising 117 obese patients (body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30) and 83 non-obese community-based volunteers.Main Outcomes Measures
Serum levels of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interferon (IFN)-γ and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were measured. Physical activity and energy expenditure (MET) were assessed with actigraphy. Adipometrics comprised BMI, weight, abdominal-, waist- and hip-circumference, waist to hip ratio (WHR), and waist-to-height-ratio (WHtR).Results
General obesity was associated with significantly elevated levels of IL-5, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IFN-γ and TNF-α, central obesity with significantly elevated IL-5, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13 and IFN-γ-levels. In participants with general obesity, levels of IL-4, IL-10 and IL-13 were significantly elevated in participants with low physical activity, even when controlled for BMI which was negatively associated with physical acitivity. Cytokines significantly correlated with adipometrics, particularly in obese participants.Conclusions
Results confirm up-regulation of certain pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in obesity. In obese subjects, physical activity may lower levels and thus reduce pro-inflammatory effects of cytokines that may link obesity, insulin resistance and diabetes. 相似文献72.
Rainey PB Beaumont HJ Ferguson GC Gallie J Kost C Libby E Zhang XX 《Microbial cell factories》2011,10(Z1):S14
Stochastic phenotype switching - or bet hedging - is a pervasive feature of living systems and common in bacteria that experience fluctuating (unpredictable) environmental conditions. Under such conditions, the capacity to generate variable offspring spreads the risk of being maladapted in the present environment, against offspring likely to have some chance of survival in the future. While a rich subject for theoretical studies, little is known about the selective causes responsible for the evolutionary emergence of stochastic phenotype switching. Here we review recent work - both theoretical and experimental - that sheds light on ecological factors that favour switching types over non-switching types. Of particular relevance is an experiment that provided evidence for an adaptive origin of stochastic phenotype switching by subjecting bacterial populations to a selective regime that mimicked essential features of the host immune response. Central to the emergence of switching types was frequent imposition of 'exclusion rules' and 'population bottlenecks' - two complementary faces of frequency dependent selection. While features of the immune response, exclusion rules and bottlenecks are likely to operate in many natural environments. Together these factors define a set of selective conditions relevant to the evolution of stochastic switching, including antigenic variation and bacterial persistence. 相似文献
73.
74.
75.
Stephanie Arndt Petra Unger Eva Wacker Tetsuji Shimizu Julia Heinlin Yang-Fang Li Hubertus M. Thomas Gregor E. Morfill Julia L. Zimmermann Anja-Katrin Bosserhoff Sigrid Karrer 《PloS one》2013,8(11)
Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) has the potential to interact with tissue or cells leading to fast, painless and efficient disinfection and furthermore has positive effects on wound healing and tissue regeneration. For clinical implementation it is necessary to examine how CAP improves wound healing and which molecular changes occur after the CAP treatment. In the present study we used the second generation MicroPlaSter ß® in analogy to the current clinical standard (2 min treatment time) in order to determine molecular changes induced by CAP using in vitro cell culture studies with human fibroblasts and an in vivo mouse skin wound healing model. Our in vitro analysis revealed that the CAP treatment induces the expression of important key genes crucial for the wound healing response like IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, TGF-ß1, TGF-ß2, and promotes the production of collagen type I and alpha-SMA. Scratch wound healing assays showed improved cell migration, whereas cell proliferation analyzed by XTT method, and the apoptotic machinery analyzed by protein array technology, was not altered by CAP in dermal fibroblasts. An in vivo wound healing model confirmed that the CAP treatment affects above mentioned genes involved in wound healing, tissue injury and repair. Additionally, we observed that the CAP treatment improves wound healing in mice, no relevant side effects were detected. We suggest that improved wound healing might be due to the activation of a specified panel of cytokines and growth factors by CAP. In summary, our in vitro human and in vivo animal data suggest that the 2 min treatment with the MicroPlaSter ß® is an effective technique for activating wound healing relevant molecules in dermal fibroblasts leading to improved wound healing, whereas the mechanisms which contribute to these observed effects have to be further investigated. 相似文献
76.
Estradiol plays essential roles in the modulation of synaptic plasticity and neuroprotection in males as well as in females,
as has been shown particularly in the hippocampus. Although it has long been known that aromatase, the final enzyme in estrogen
synthesis, is expressed in the hippocampus, a new paradigm emerged when it was shown that estradiol is actually synthesized
de novo in this part of the brain. Increasing evidence indicates that hippocampus-derived estradiol plays a role in synaptic
plasticity and neuroptrotection, rather than estradiol originating from the gonads. In recent years, a number of in vivo and
in vitro studies have shown that hippocampus-derived estradiol substantially contributes to hippocampal function, in particular
to structural synaptic plasticity. 相似文献
77.
78.
79.
Torsten Mattfeldt Hubertus Wolter Danilo Trijic Hans-Werner Gottfried Hans A Kestler 《Analytical cellular pathology》2002,24(4-5):167-179
Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) is an established genetic method which enables a genome-wide survey of chromosomal imbalances. For each chromosome region, one obtains the information whether there is a loss or gain of genetic material, or whether there is no change at that place. Therefore, large amounts of data quickly accumulate which must be put into a logical order. Cluster analysis can be used to assign individual cases (samples) to different clusters of cases, which are similar and where each cluster may be related to a different tumour biology. Another approach consists in a clustering of chromosomal regions by rewriting the original data matrix, where the cases are written as rows and the chromosomal regions as columns, in a transposed form. In this paper we applied hierarchical cluster analysis as well as two implementations of self-organizing feature maps as classical and neuronal tools for cluster analysis of CGH data from prostatic carcinomas to such transposed data sets. Self-organizing maps are artificial neural networks with the capability to form clusters on the basis of an unsupervised learning rule. We studied a group of 48 cases of incidental carcinomas, a tumour category which has not been evaluated by CGH before. In addition we studied a group of 50 cases of pT2N0-tumours and a group of 20 pT3N0-carcinomas. The results show in all case groups three clusters of chromosomal regions, which are (i) normal or minimally affected by losses and gains, (ii) regions with many losses and few gains and (iii) regions with many gains and few losses. Moreover, for the pT2N0- and pT3N0-groups, it could be shown that the regions 6q, 8p and 13q lay all on the same cluster (associated with losses), and that the regions 9q and 20q belonged to the same cluster (associated with gains). For the incidental cancers such clear correlations could not be demonstrated. 相似文献