传递细胞——物质短途运输中起作用的特化细胞

传递细胞广泛存在于植物界的各种群。传递细胞的分化主要与器官的发育程度以及转运物质的供应有关。当植物某个部位所需的运输速率远高于溶质正常跨膜运输速率时,在此部位就可能有传递细胞。传递细胞最基本的特征是细胞壁向内突起生长（壁内突）并与质膜共同形成壁膜器。壁内突从形态上可划分为2种类型：网状内突和肋状内突。大多数传递细胞壁内突的发育在沿着溶质流动的方向表现出极性。传递细胞的胞质一般比周围薄壁组织细胞浓,胞内富含线粒体和内膜分泌系统细胞器如内质网、高尔基体、小囊泡等。传递细胞在物质的短途运输中起作用。玉米胚乳传递细胞可能还具有防御病原微生物进入胚乳和胚的功能。本文就传递细胞的种类和特性、结构和功能、形成机制和诱导因素,以及基因表达调控等方面的研究进展做介绍。     

云南省甲属披膜病毒的分离和鉴定

从采自云南省的6种蚊子和1份发热病人血清分离到披膜病毒11株,电镜检查该病毒为球形有囊膜颗粒,直径为56.10±1.38nm,病毒抵抗5-IdU,对酸、热、醚均敏感,在pH5.5～6.4间能凝集鹅血球,乳鼠皮下或脑内注射均能稳定致死,酶免疫法鉴定表明这11株病毒与甲属披膜病毒(MAY、RR、WEE、EEE)抗体有反应,尤与MAY反应最强,与我国分离的M1、M4病毒抗体也有反应,但空斑抑制中和试验显示,云南甲病毒和MAY病毒间没有交叉中和反应,在以上性状方面蚊体和人体分离的病毒间未见明显差异,对云南甲属病毒的分类学地位及我国甲属披膜病毒分布和意义进行了讨论。     

Aromatase gene polymorphisms are associated with survival among patients with cardiovascular disease in a sex-specific manner

Introduction

CYP19A1 encodes aromatase, the enzyme responsible for the conversion of androgens to estrogens, and may play a role in variation in outcomes among men and women with cardiovascular disease. We sought to examine genetic variation in CYP19A1 for its potential role in sex differences in cardiovascular disease outcomes.

Methods

Caucasian individuals from two independent populations were assessed: 1) a prospective cohort of patients with acute coronary syndromes with 3-year mortality follow-up (n = 568) and 2) a nested case-control study from a randomized, controlled trial of hypertension patients with stable coronary disease in which the primary outcome was death, nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI) or nonfatal stroke (n = 619). Six CYP19A1 SNPs were genotyped (-81371 C>T, -45965 G>C, M201T, R264C, 80 A>G, and +32226 G>A). The sex*genotype interaction term was assessed for the primary outcome and compared by genotype in men and women when a significant interaction term was identified.

Results

We identified a significant interaction between -81371 C>T and sex (p = 0.025) in the ACS population. The variant allele was associated with a 78% increase in mortality in men (HR 1.78, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.08-2.94) and a nonsignificant 42% decrease in mortality among women (HR 0.58, 95% CI 0.22-1.54). We identified a similar association in the hypertensive CAD group, the -81371 C>T*sex interaction term was p<0.0001, with an associated 65% increase in death, MI, or stroke (HR 1.65, 95% CI 1.00-2.73) in men and a 69% decrease (HR 0.31, 95% CI 0.16-0.6) in women.

Conclusions

Using two independent populations, this study is the first to document a significant interaction between CYP19A1 genotype and sex on cardiovascular outcomes. These findings could illuminate potential mechanisms of sex differences in cardiovascular disease outcomes.     

北五味子的果实解剖研究

采用不同花期的子房与花谢后的果实解剖制片为材料,综合研究结果,明确北五味子的雌花,其离生心皮雌蕊群呈螺旋状着生在圆顶状的花托上。每一个单雌蕊均由鸡冠状柱头与下面膨大的子房构成。花柱缺如。子房有自背缝线上发生的假隔膜隔开,致将子房形成假二室;胚珠倒生乃至弯生,亚边缘胎座(submarginal placenta),受精后发育成旋生聚合浆果(spiral-baccacetum),内含种子1-3(2)枚。种子属双子叶有胚乳种子,胚甚小,约为种子的1/50。     

云南潞江坝怒江干热河谷植被研究

应用法瑞地植物学派的理论和方法,将云南潞江坝1300m以下地区干热河谷植被确定为1群目、3群属、6群丛、4亚群丛。通过对植被外貌、结构、区系组成、分布特点的分析,认为本区现存植被主要由河谷季雨林长期破坏所至,目前较典型的干热河谷灌草丛植被类型属于次生性稀树草原或半自然性稀树草原。     

HBsAg阴性母亲的新生儿乙型肝炎疫苗免疫后抗-HBs的动态研究

HBsAg阴性母亲的新生儿,按0、1、6个月程序接种3剂10μg乙型肝炎血源疫苗,在第一针免疫后9～48个月观察抗-HBs阳转率,发现免后12个月阳转率最高达94.23％;至48个月为81.62％。48个月后抗-HBs GMT仍有263.5mIU/ml,提示此期间不必加强免疫。抗-HBs滴度(mIU/ml)的动态规律是由高滴度(>1000mIU/ml)向低滴度推移。     

水盾草在中国的分布特点和入侵途径

水盾草(Cabomba caroliniana)是原产南、北美洲的水生植物,近年来在野外调查中发现它在中国已经成为归化植物。通过华东、华南和华中地区的实地考察,调查点共300多个,覆盖我国东南沿海及华中10省（市、区）80多个县（市）。结果发现有水盾草分布的点67个。目前水盾草在中国分布于浙江北部的杭嘉湖平原和宁绍平原、江苏南部的太湖流域及上海西部的淀山湖附近的河网地带。从地理纬度上看,自29°33′7″N（建德梅城）至31°35′2″N（常熟昆承湖）;主要的水域类型为一些水流缓慢、水位稳定的小河道和中小型湖泊。在水盾草所处的沉水植物群落中,共调查到大型沉水植物8科18属21种,常见种为苦草(Vallisneria natans)、金鱼藻(Ceratophyllum demersum)、黑藻(Hydrilla verticillata)、菹草(Potamogeton crispus),这些也是浙北、苏南地区水域主要的水生植物。根据水盾草与各个种的种间相遇百分率来看,金鱼藻最高,为51.33%,其次为苦草、黑藻和菹草,分别为45.05%、36.56%、35.64%。可见相对其他水生植物群落而言,由这些种所组成的水生植物群落更易为水盾草所侵入。从各个分布点水盾草所处状态来看,有些点的水盾草已成为群落的优势种,有的刚刚定居,还有的则仍处于零星漂浮状态,这也表明水盾草在我国仍在进一步扩散之中。根据水盾草种子无成熟的胚及植株对脱水的敏感性,推测中国的水盾草最初可能是作为水族馆观赏水草引进而逸生的。从原产地水盾草分布纬度范围、适生环境、气候条件,结合其在我国的分布特点分析,水盾草在我国尚有很大的扩散空间,为了避免类似凤眼莲(Eichhornia crassipes)那样的事件在中国重演,必须引起有关部门及科技人员对水盾草的重视。     

应用雏鸡乳杆菌防治鸡白痢及其增重追踪调查

从1982年至今,经38743只雏鸡自然发生鸡白痢病的防治实验应用雏鸡乳杆菌防治的有效率达96％;同时,治疗组的雏鸡比未用雏鸡乳杆菌的雏鸡多增重14％。经过追踪检查,使用雏鸡乳杆菌防治的雏鸡,它们对鸡沙门氏菌的反应为阴性;使用雏鸡乳杆菌防治过的雏鸡,其肠道中乳杆菌的均数值的对数为11.2±0.5;未用雏鸡乳杆菌处理的对照雏鸡,其肠道中乳杆菌的均数值对数为7.6±0.4(正常鸡肠道中乳杆菌的均数值对数为9.5±0.5[5])。     

广西柳州楼梯山马平组皱纹珊瑚新材料

研究了广西马平灰岩的标准地点柳州楼梯山剖面的地层及其珊瑚,描述皱纹珊瑚7属10种,其中5新种,并系统地阐述了马平组的沿革.     

Power loss for linkage analysis due to the dichotomization of trichotomous phenotypes

OBJECTIVES: Some traits, while naturally polychotomous, are routinely dichotomized for genetic analysis. Dichotomization, intuitively, leads to a loss of power to detect linkage, as some phenotypic variability is discarded. This paper examines this power loss in the context of a trichotomous trait. METHODS: To examine this power loss, we performed a simulation study where a trichotomous trait was simulated in a sample of 1,000 sib-pairs under various genetic models. The study was replicated 1,000 times. Linkage analysis using a variance components method, as implemented in Mx, was then performed on the trichotomous trait and compared with that on a dichotomized version of the trait. RESULTS: A comparison of the power and false positive rates of the analyses shows that power to detect linkage was increased by up to 22 percentage points simply by examining the trait as a trichotomy instead of a dichotomy. Under all models examined, the trichotomous analysis outperformed the dichotomous version. CONCLUSIONS: Comparable levels of false positive rates under both methods confirm that this power gain comes solely from the information lost upon dichotomization. Thus, dichotomizing tri- or poly-chotomous traits can lead to crippling power loss, especially in the case of many loci of small effect.