慢性缺氧大鼠肺血管c-myc及bcl-2基因表达研究

应用免疫组织化学和Ｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎ杂交方法,对慢性缺氧大鼠肺组织（主要是肺血管壁）原癌基因ｃ－ｍｙｃ和抗凋亡基因ｂｃｌ－２表达进行了研究。免疫组织化学观察提示,正常对照组大鼠肺血壁Ｃ－ｍｙｃ和Ｂｃｌ－２蛋白仅为弱阳性或不表达,慢性缺氧１、２周组大鼠肺血管壁这两种抗原表达比对照组显著增强,呈强阳性,Ｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎ杂交结果表明：慢性缺氧１、２周组大鼠肺组织内ｃ－ｍｙｃ和ｂｃｌ－２的ｍＲＮＡ表达比对照组显著增加,以上结果提示,ｃ－ｍｙｃ及ｂｃｌ－２两种基因调节的细胞增殖与凋亡可能参与了慢性缺氧性肺动脉高压的发病进程。     

聚乳酸塑料合成、生物降解及其废弃物处置的研究进展

随着国内外禁塑令和限塑令的升级,以聚乳酸(polylactic acid, PLA)为代表的生物基塑料成为传统石油基塑料市场的主要替代品,备受产业界的青睐。然而,公众对生物基塑料的认识仍存在诸多误解。事实上,生物基塑料的降解需要在特定条件下才能实现,泄入到自然环境中同样难以降解,会对人体、生物多样性和生态系统功能造成危害,这与传统石油基塑料相似。近年来,随着我国PLA产能和市场规模不断的提高,亟需进一步加强对PLA等生物基塑料降解性能的认识,挖掘PLA生物降解资源,关注和研究生物基塑料回收处理模式。基于上述背景,本文首先介绍了PLA塑料的性质及合成方式,以及PLA塑料的产业化与市场规模;其次,对目前聚乳酸塑料微生物与酶法降解的研究进展进行了综述,并对其生物降解机制进行了探讨;最后,提出了微生物原位处理和酶法闭环回收两种聚乳酸塑料废弃物生物处置方法,并对PLA生物基塑料的发展前景和趋势进行了展望。     

Effects of population size and linkage on optimal selection intensity

Following Robertson (1970a) it is generally considered that for mass selection the selected proportion that maximises ultimate response is 0.5. This prediction has been partly tested by different authors. Here we explicitly address the question using computer simulations of selection in finite populations with linkage. The results show that the response achieved is always lower than the one predicted by standard methods, and that optimum selection intensity may be much lower than predicted unless population size is small.     

缩胆囊素受体拮抗剂对血浆缩胆囊素生物测定的影响

利用生物法测定了102例正常人空腹及进食二个油煎鸡蛋30min后血浆CCK浓度,结果分别为1.4±0.1pmol/L和4.9±0.4pmol/L(X±SE)。血浆CCK浓度不随性别和年龄而变化。本文研究了三种不同类型的CCK受体拮抗剂对CCK生物测定的影响。一组将L364,718(5.0nmol/L),丙谷胺(1.0mmol/L)或Bt_2-cGMP(0.1mmol/L)分别加入含8pmol/LCCK-8的人血浆,用SEP-PAK提取,另一组先提取血浆,于测定前向血浆提取物内加入上述拮抗剂,两组同时测定。结果显示,在有L364,718存在时仍可利用生物法测定血浆CCK浓度,如血中含有丙谷胺或Bt_2-cGMP则无法准确测定。     

吞咽障碍治疗仪的作用原理及效果

介绍了吞咽障碍严重损害人类健康,吞咽障碍治疗仪是通过电刺激方式来促进受损神经复苏,加强吞咽肌群的运动,提高病人吞咽能力,从而达到治疗目的,取得了良好的效果。     

二种吸痰方法的对比研究

目前临床上常用的吸痰方式在操作过程中会产生大量的微生物气溶胶,经实验测定,最高可达33970cfu／M^3的含菌微粒喷出,污染各种物品表面,干燥后形成再生气溶胶随气流漂散,造成空气污染和交叉感染。为此,研制了一种密闭式吸痰管,在操作使用中可将产生的痰液气溶胶完全封闭在吸痰管内,经试用,与常规使用的开放式吸痰管相比,可基本消除因吸痰操作所引起的空气微生物污染。     

Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis of anisodamine and its phase I and II metabolites in rat urine

A sensitive and specific method for the analysis of anisodamine and its metabolites in rat urine by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was developed. Various extraction techniques (free fraction, acid hydrolyses and enzyme hydrolyses) and their comparison were carried out for investigation of the metabolism of anisodamine. After extraction procedure the pretreated samples were injected on a reversed-phase C18 column with mobile phase (0.2 ml/min) of methanol/0.01% triethylamine solution (adjusted to pH 3.5 with formic acid) (60:40, v/v) and detected by MS/MS. Identification and structural elucidation of the metabolites were performed by comparing their changes in molecular masses (DeltaM), retention-times and full scan MS(n) spectra with those of the parent drug. At least 11 metabolites (N-demethyl-6beta-hydroxytropine, 6beta-hydroxytropine, tropic acid, N-demethylanisodamine, hydroxyanisodamine, anisodamine N-oxide, hydroxyanisodamine N-oxide, glucuronide conjugated N-demethylanisodamine, sulfate conjugated and glucuronide conjugated anisodamine, sulfate conjugated hydroxyanisodamine) and the parent drug were found in rat urine after the administration of a single oral dose 25mg/kg of anisodamine. Hydroxyanisodamine, anisodamine N-oxide and the parent drug were detected in rat urine for up 95 h after ingestion of anisodamine.     

Marker-assisted introgression of five QTLs controlling fruit quality traits into three tomato lines revealed interactions between QTLs and genetic backgrounds

The evaluation of organoleptic quality of tomato fruit requires physical, chemical and sensory analyses, which are expensive and difficult to assess. Therefore, their practical use in phenotypic selection is difficult. In a previous study, the genetic control of several traits related to organoleptic quality of fresh-market tomato fruit was investigated. Five chromosome regions strongly involved in organoleptic quality attributes were then chosen to be introgressed into three different recipient lines through marker-assisted selection. A marker-assisted backcross (MABC) strategy was performed, as all the favorable alleles for quality traits were provided by the same parental tomato line, whose fruit weight (FW) and firmness were much lower than those of the lines commonly used to develop fresh market varieties. Three improved lines were obtained after three backcrossing and two selfing generations. The implementation of the MABC scheme is described. The three improved lines were crossed together and with the recipient lines in a half-diallel mating scheme, and the simultaneous effect of the five quantitative trait locus (QTL) regions was compared in different genetic backgrounds. Significant effects of the introgressed regions and of the genetic backgrounds were shown. Additive effects were detected for soluble solid and reducing sugar content in two genetic backgrounds. A partially dominant effect on titratable acidity was detected in only one genetic background. In contrast, additive to dominant unfavorable effects of the donor alleles were detected for FW and locule number in the three genetic backgrounds. Recessive QTL effects on firmness were only detected in the two firmest genetic backgrounds. Comparison of the hybrids in the half-diallel gave complementary information on the effects of: (1) the alleles at the selected regions, (2) the genetic backgrounds and (3) their interaction. Breeding efficiency strongly varied according to the recipient parent, and significant interactions between QTLs and genetic backgrounds were shown for all of the traits studied.     

Presynaptic Modulation of K+-Evoked [3H]Dopamine Release in Striatal and Frontal Cortical Synaptosomes of Normotensive and Spontaneous-Hypertensive Rats

Regional differences in presynaptic [³H]dopamine ([³H]DA) release and its modulation by D₂ DA-receptors between the frontal cortex and striatum obtained from Wystar-Kyoto (WKY) and spontaneous-hypertensive rats (SHR) have been evaluated using superfused synaptosomes. Synaptosomal tritium content was significantly lower in the frontal cortex than in the striatum in both SHR and WKY (45% and 48%, respectively), but no differences in tritium content were obtained between strains. However, the 15 mM K⁺-evoked [³H]DA overflow was lower in the SHR as compared to WKY rats in both brain regions (striatum 23%, frontal cortex 21). Concentration-response curves for quinpirole (1nM-10 M)-mediated inhibition of 15mM K⁺-evoked [³H]DA release showed no differences between SHR and WKY. These results suggest that SHR has less ability to release [³H]DA as compared to WKY rats, but SHR did not show differences in the autoregulation of such release in both the frontal cortex and striatum.