全文获取类型
收费全文 | 47768篇 |
免费 | 4396篇 |
国内免费 | 1923篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 372篇 |
2022年 | 743篇 |
2021年 | 1795篇 |
2020年 | 1168篇 |
2019年 | 1429篇 |
2018年 | 1433篇 |
2017年 | 1063篇 |
2016年 | 1618篇 |
2015年 | 2434篇 |
2014年 | 2842篇 |
2013年 | 3087篇 |
2012年 | 3752篇 |
2011年 | 3401篇 |
2010年 | 2149篇 |
2009年 | 1861篇 |
2008年 | 2234篇 |
2007年 | 2047篇 |
2006年 | 1826篇 |
2005年 | 1589篇 |
2004年 | 1444篇 |
2003年 | 1247篇 |
2002年 | 1121篇 |
2001年 | 1792篇 |
2000年 | 1632篇 |
1999年 | 1363篇 |
1998年 | 631篇 |
1997年 | 566篇 |
1996年 | 538篇 |
1995年 | 494篇 |
1994年 | 481篇 |
1993年 | 332篇 |
1992年 | 722篇 |
1991年 | 589篇 |
1990年 | 592篇 |
1989年 | 474篇 |
1988年 | 389篇 |
1987年 | 315篇 |
1986年 | 305篇 |
1985年 | 251篇 |
1984年 | 194篇 |
1983年 | 171篇 |
1982年 | 124篇 |
1981年 | 106篇 |
1980年 | 86篇 |
1979年 | 125篇 |
1978年 | 91篇 |
1975年 | 97篇 |
1973年 | 95篇 |
1972年 | 94篇 |
1971年 | 85篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 578 毫秒
951.
952.
We have generated four xenogeneic rat antimouse IgG3 monoclonal antibodies recognizing at least three different antigenic determinants (epitopes) on BALB/c IgG3 molecules. These antibodies were used in solid-phase blocking radioimmunoassays for detection of the epitopes in sera of 40 inbred strains and 134 wild mice. These antibodies detect genetic polymorphism of IgG3 isotype among wild mice even though there is no polymorphism found among 40 inbred strains tested (except X-chromosome-linked immunodeficient CBA/N strain which lacks IgG3 molecules). An IgG3 variant was also isolated from hybridomas derived from Mus spretus.Abbreviations
Igh-C
immunoglobulin heavy chain constant region
- PVC
polyvinyl chloride
- RIA
radioimmune assay
- ELISA
enzyme linked immunosorbent assay 相似文献
953.
The requirement of protein synthesis for amoebo-flagellate transformation of Physarum polycephalum was re-examined. When amoebae were grown on nutrient agar in association with live food bacteria and harvested in mid-exponential phase of growth, it took ca. 2 hours for half the cells to form flagella after suspension in phosphate buffer. The transformation was completely inhibited by 5 μg/ml cycloheximide. To the contrary, when the amoebae in mid-exponential phase were starved for 3 hr on non-nutrient agar and then suspended in phosphate buffer, the duration required for this process was shortened to ca. 8 min and it was not inhibited by up to 100 μg/ml cycloheximide. A similar result was obtained using bactobolin, another inhibitor of protein synthesis. When amoebae were starved on non-nutrient agar containing 5 μg/ml cycloheximide, however, the starvation effect described above was not observed. The results indicate that protein(s) necessary for the transformation might be synthesized during the starvation period, and that the amoebo-flagellate transformation may or may not require concomitant protein synthesis depending upon preculture conditions. 相似文献
954.
Hormone-regulated expression of cellular rasH oncogene in mammary carcinomas in rats 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Differential gene expression has been observed in hormone-dependent rat mammary carcinomas during their growth and regression. A 22K MW protein, a prominent in vitro translation product of the growing as compared to the regressing tumor, was identified as the c-rasH-21,000-dalton transforming protein (p21) using a monoclonal antibody that reacts specifically with Harvey-related p21 species. The amount of p21-translated protein sharply decreased in the translation products of the regressing tumors within 6 hours post ovariectomy or dibutyryl cyclic AMP treatment. The results show that an enhanced expression of the c-rasH oncogene is associated with hormone-dependent growth of mammary carcinomas in vivo and that suppression of this oncogene precedes the tumor regression induced by either hormone withdrawal or dibutyryl cyclic AMP treatment. 相似文献
955.
956.
Intact spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) leaf peroxisomes were supplied with glycolate and one to three of the amino acids serine, glutamate, and alanine, and the amount of the respective α-keto acids formed in glyoxylate transamination was assayed. At 1 millimolar glycolate and 1 millimolar each of the three amino acids in combination, the transamination reaction reached saturation; reduction of either glycolate or amino acid concentration decreased the activity. The relative serine, glutamate, and alanine transamination at equal amino acid concentrations was roughly 40, 30, and 30%, respectively. The three amino acids exhibited mutual inhibition to one another in transamination due to the competition for the supply of glyoxylate. In addition to this competition for glyoxylate, competitive inhibition at the active site of enzymes occurred between glutamate and alanine, but not between serine and glutamate or alanine. Alteration of the relative concentrations of the three amino acids changed their relative transamination. Similar work was performed with intact oat (Avena sativa L.) leaf peroxisomes. At 1 millimolar of each of the three amino acids in combination, the relative serine, glutamate, and alanine transamination was roughly 60, 23, and 17%, respectively. Similarly, alteration of the relative concentration of the three amino acids changed their relative transamination. The contents of the three amino acids in leaf extracts were analyzed, and the relative contribution of the three amino acids in glycine production in photorespiration was assessed and discussed. 相似文献
957.
Summary Protoplasts isolated from cell suspension cultures of carrot (Daucus carota L.) and leaves of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) were treated with three lectins specific for galactosyl residues. After incubation with RCA I (Ricinus communis agglutinin, molecular weight 120,000) conjugated to ferritin or fluorescein, freshly isolated protoplasts displayed heavy labeling of their surfaces. Moreover, they agglutinated rapidly when exposed to low concentrations of RCA I. In parallel studies, PNA (peanut agglutinin) also bound extensively to the protoplast plasma membranes whileBandeiraea simplicifolia lectin I attached relatively weakly. When protoplasts were cultured for two days and then incubated with conjugates of RCA I and PNA, additional binding sites were revealed on the regenerating walls.The results indicate that galactosyl residues are distributed densely over the surface of plant protoplasts. They also allow inferences to be made regarding the positions and linkages of the galactose groups being recognized by the lectins. Moreover, they open up the question whether the galactosyl moieties detected in the wall derive from those labeled on the plasma membrane. To conclude, we make comparisons with binding by concanavalin A, and predict that galactose-recognizing lectins will join and in certain respects prove superior to concanavalin A as probes of the plant cell surface. 相似文献
958.
Identification and DNA sequence of fixZ, a nifB-like gene from Rhizobium leguminosarum. 总被引:12,自引:2,他引:10
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Nucleic acids research》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Previously, several mutants which nodulated peas but which failed to fix nitrogen were isolated following Tn5 mutagenesis of pRL 1JI, a symbiotic plasmid of Rhizobium leguminosarum. Two of these alleles, fix52::Tn5 and fix137::Tn5 were in a region of pRL 1JI which hybridized to a probe that contained the nifA gene and the amino-terminal region of the nifB gene of Klebsiella pneumoniae. The nitrogen fixation defect of the fix52::Tn5 mutant strain was corrected by a 2.0kb fragment of the corresponding wild-type DNA cloned in a wide host-range plasmid. The DNA sequence of this region revealed an open reading frame corresponding to the gene within which the fix52::Tn5 allele was located. The polypeptide corresponding to this open reading frame had a deduced molecular weight of 39,936 and the gene was termed fixZ. The deduced amino acid sequence of the fixZ gene product contained two clusters of cysteine residues, suggesting that the protein may contain an iron-sulphur cluster. The sequence of the fixZ polypeptide was very similar to the sequence of the K. pneumoniae nifB gene (provided by W. Arnold and A. Pühler) which is required for the synthesis of the FeMo-cofactor of nitrogenase. It was shown that the previously observed hybridization was due to homology between the amino terminal regions of fixZ and nifB. Upstream from fixZ was found another open reading frame whose 5' terminus was not established, but within which was located the fix137::Tn5 allele. This gene was termed fixY. The deduced amino acid sequence of the sequenced part of fixY showed similarity to that of the regulatory nifA gene of K. pneumoniae (provided by W. J. Buikema and F. M. Ausubel). Thus in R. leguminoarum the fix genes that correspond to the nifA and nifB genes are in the same relative orientation as in K. pneumoniae. 相似文献
959.
960.
The behavioral responses of sexually experienced male hamsters toward a pair of anesthetized conspecifics were investigated. Males spent significantly more time licking, sniffing, and mounting neonatally and adult castrated males than intact males. Adult castrated males receiving oil injections were preferred over castrates receiving exogenous testosterone propionate (TP). Ovariectomized females were preferred over intact males, adult castrated males, or spayed females receiving exogenous TP. It was concluded that the absence of an androgen-dependent factor(s) renders an animal more sexually attractive. 相似文献