Unraveling Charge Separation and Transport Mechanisms in Aqueous‐Processed Polymer/CdTe Nanocrystal Hybrid Solar Cells

Recently great progress has been achieved in highly effective hybrid solar cells fabricated using aqueous materials. The state‐of‐the‐art energy conversion efficiency has been close to 5% with high photocurrent. However, charge separation and transport mechanism in the aqueous‐processed hybrid solar cells are rarely reported and are usually assumed to be similar to oil‐phase processed systems; that is, self‐assembly polymers are mainly responsible for charge separation and carrier transport. To date, this assumption has prohibited further improvement of the conversion efficiency in aqueous‐processed hybrid systems by adopting any appropriate technique routes. Here, ultrafast carrier dynamics in these hybrid solar cells consisting of poly(p‐phenylenevinylene) (PPV)‐based aqueous polymers and water‐solution CdTe nanocrystals (NCs) are investigated in detail. Self‐charge separation in grown CdTe NC partly capped CdS shell layers after anneal treatment is unambiguously identified. Different from their oil‐soluble counterparts, these core/shell nanocrystals do not have the restrictions of quantum confinement and surface ligands, form effective charge transport networks, and play a dominant role in the charge separation and carrier transport processes. These findings provide a greater understanding on the fundamental photophysics in aqueous‐processed hybrid systems.     

Characterization of Bacteria in the Rhizosphere Soils of Polygonum Pubescens and Their Potential in Promoting Growth and Cd,Pb, Zn Uptake by Brassica napus

Microbe-enhanced phytoremediation has been considered as a promising measure for the remediation of metal-contaminated soils. In this study, two bacterial strains JYX7 and JYX10 were isolated from rhizosphere soils of Polygonum pubescens grown in metal-polluted soil and identified as of Enterobacter sp. and Klebsiella sp. based on 16S rDNA sequences, respectively. JYX7 and JYX10 showed high Cd, Pb and Zn tolerance and increased water-soluble Cd, Pb and Zn concentrations in culture solution and metal-added soils. Two isolates produced plant growth-promoting substances such as indole acetic acid, siderophore, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic deaminase, and solubilized inorganic phosphate. Based upon their ability in metal tolerance and solubilization, two isolates were further studied for their effects on growth and accumulation of Cd, Pb, and Zn in Brassica napus (rape) by pot experiments. Rapes inoculated with JYX7 and JYX10 had significantly higher dry weights, concentrations and uptakes of Cd, Pb, Zn in both above-ground and root tissues than those without inoculation grown in soils amended with Cd (25 mg kg^?1), Pb (200 mg kg^?1) or Zn (200 mg kg^?1). The present results demonstrated that JYX7 and JYX10 are valuable microorganism, which can improve the efficiency of phytoremediation in soils polluted by Cd, Pb, and Zn.     

人Hepcidin融合表达载体的构建及在大肠杆菌中的表达

为了在大肠杆菌中表达生产hepcidin,根据大肠杆菌密码子偏好性,化学合成了人hepcidin的基因序列,并构建了hepcidin的融合表达载体pET -hpc。pET- hpc在大肠杆菌BL2 1 (DE3)中表达的hepcidin融合蛋白以包涵体形式存在,其N端带有 6个组氨酸。通过优化诱导表达条件,该融合蛋白表达水平显著提高,占总蛋白的 2 5 . 2 %。表达的包涵体经 1 %TritonX 1 0 0洗涤后溶于8mol L尿素,在变性条件下采用金属螯合层析进行纯化,所得融合蛋白纯度大于 95 %。     

Molecular phylogenetic systematics of twelve species of Acipenseriformes based on mtDNA ND4L -ND4 gene sequence analysis

Acipenseriformes is an endangered primitive fish group, which occupies a special place in the history of ideas concerning fish evolution, even in vertebrate evolution. However, the classification and evolution of the fishes have been debated. The mitochondrial DMA (mtDNA) ND4L and partial A7D4 genes were first sequenced in twelve species of the order Acipenseriformes, including endemic Chinese species. The following points were drawn from DNA sequences analysis: (i) the two species of Huso can be ascribed to Acipenser; (ii) A. dabryanus is the mostly closely related to A. sinensis, and most likely the landlocked form of A. sinensis; (iii) genus Acipenser in trans-Pacific region might have a common origin; (iv) mtDNA ND4L and ND4 genes are the ideal genetic markers for phylogenetic analysis of the order Acipenseriformes.     

朱砂叶螨对三种杀螨剂的抗性选育与抗性风险评估

为评价朱砂叶螨Tetranychus cinnabarinus对3种杀螨剂的抗性风险,在实验室抗性品系选育基础上,应用数量遗传学中的域性状分析法,研究了朱砂叶螨北碚种群对甲氰菊酯、阿维菌素和哒螨灵3种杀螨剂的抗性现实遗传力,并对3种药剂在不同杀死率下抗性发展的速率进行了预测。结果表明：分别单一连续汰选16代后,朱砂叶螨对甲氰菊酯、阿维菌素的抗性倍数分别达26.54和4.51倍,对哒螨灵表现为敏感性降低（抗性倍数为1.16倍）;朱砂叶螨对甲氰菊酯、阿维菌素和哒螨灵的抗性现实遗传力分别为0.2472,0.1519和0.0160。在室内选择条件下,杀死率为50%～90%时,要获得10倍抗性,甲氰菊酯仅需要13～6代,阿维菌素需要约21～10代;哒螨灵需要约197～89代;在田间选择,三种药剂都将需要更长的时间。抗性筛选16代结果表明,抗性风险较高的是菊酯类的甲氰菊酯,其次是生物源农药阿维菌素,杂环类的哒螨灵抗性风险较小。试验结果可为朱砂叶螨抗性治理提供参考。     

桑蚕金属硫蛋白基因在大肠杆菌中的克隆和表达

用\%Bam\%HⅠ和\%Sac\%Ⅰ双酶切质粒pCM1\|1,获得酵母的MTI基因片段,用非放射性地高辛标记作为探针。提取桑蚕肥苏蚕卵的总DNA,分别用\%Eco\%RⅠ、\%Bam\%HⅠ和\%Hin\%dⅢ酶切,与MTI探针进行Southern杂交,出现较强的杂交信号。然后用\%Eco\%RⅠ完全酶切桑吞的总DNA,电洗脱法回收1～6kb的染色体片断,与\%Eco\%RⅠ酶切的M13-载体以3∶1比例连接,转化受体菌DH5α。筛选到4 000多个白色转化子,与探针MTI进行Southern杂交筛选阳性转化子,选择到有强杂交信号的三个转化子［编号为T1(pZHC\|1)\,T5(pZHC\|5)\,T7(pZHC\|7)\]。用12种限制性内切酶对pZHC\|5重组质粒进行酶切分析表明插入片段约12kb,在基因内有一个\%Hin\%dⅢ位点。抗性测定表明受体菌DH5α在含有50mmol/L CuSO\-4的培养基上生长,在含有52mmol/L CuSO\-4的培养基上不生长,而转化子确能在含有52mmol/L CuSO\-4以上的培养基上生长。上述研究结果表明12kb左右的插入片段含有桑吞的金属硫蛋白基因。     

Wild plants in the diet of arhorchin mongol herdsmen in inner mongolia

Arhorchin Mongol herdsmen are one of the tribal and regional groups of the Mongol nationality still engaged in traditional animal husbandry in the grassland areas of eastern Inner Mongolia at present. There are 77 species of wild plants used in their diet. An ethnobotanical inventory is presented, which includes the botanical names, folk names, parts used, usage, and the numbers of voucher specimens. Distinctive national features of the use of wild plants in their diet are expressed in the aspects that the Arhorchin Mongol herdsmen integrate to wild plants with their traditional diet and bromatherapy. Traditional usage may be used to exploit patterns of wild food plants in grassland areas.     

HuR-positive stress granules: Potential targets for age-related osteoporosis

Aging impairs osteoblast function and bone turnover, resulting in age-related bone degeneration. Stress granules (SGs) are membrane-less organelles that assemble in response to stress via the recruitment of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), and have emerged as a novel mechanism in age-related diseases. Here, we identified HuR as a bone-related RBP that aggregated into SGs and facilitated osteogenesis during aging. HuR-positive SG formation increased during osteoblast differentiation, and HuR overexpression mitigated the reduction in SG formation observed in senescent osteoblasts. Moreover, HuR positively regulated the mRNA stability and expression of its target β-catenin by binding and recruiting β-catenin into SGs. As a potential therapeutic target, HuR activator apigenin (API) enhanced its expression and thus aided osteoblasts differentiation. API treatment increased HuR nuclear export, enhanced the recruitment of β-catenin into HuR-positive SGs, facilitated β-catenin nuclear translocation, and contributed osteogenesis. Our findings highlight the roles of HuR and its SGs in promoting osteogenesis during skeletal aging and lay the groundwork for novel therapeutic strategies against age-related skeletal disorders.     

园艺植物水分胁迫生理及耐旱机制研究进展

概述了园艺植物在水分胁迫下的生理生化,分子反应及耐旱机制研究进展,并指出尚需进一步研究的问题。     

近30年来青藏高原高寒草地NDVI动态变化对自然及人为因子的响应

草地生态系统是陆地生态系统的重要组成部分,在调节气候、水土保持、防风固沙、保护生物多样性等方面发挥着重要作用。青藏高原是全球海拔最高的独特地域单元,平均海拔超过4000 m,素有“世界第三极”之称,亦是我国重要的生态安全屏障,其对气候变化敏感且易受人类活动的影响,属于气候变化敏感区和生态脆弱带。近年来,由于气候变化和人类活动的不断加剧,青藏高原区域气候和环境发生了重大变化,气候变暖、水污染、草地退化和沙化等问题已严重阻碍了当地社会经济的可持续发展。高寒草地是青藏高原主要的植被类型,在气候变化和人类活动加剧的背景下,青藏高原高寒草地植被的动态变化受到人们的广泛关注。归一化植被指数（Normalized difference vegetation index, NDVI）因能有效地反映植被覆盖程度和生长状况而被广泛应用于植被动态的研究中。气温与降水被认为是影响青藏高原植被动态的主要气候因子,放牧强度与人口数量则是主要人为因子。因此,研究高寒草地植被对气候变化和人类活动的响应机制对预测未来草地变化有着重要的意义。基于青藏高原生长季草地的NDVI、气温、降水、放牧强度及人口数量等数据,在县区尺度上,采用趋势分析法探究了1982—2013年青藏高原143个县区生长季草地NDVI动态变化、气候变化及人类活动的变化,同时采用面板数据模型分析了32年来青藏高原143个县区气候、人为因子变化对草地NDVI变化的相对贡献。研究结果显示：（1）青藏高原高寒草地生长季NDVI总体呈增长趋势,草地植被生长状态呈现“整体改善、局部退化”趋势;（2）青藏高原生长季平均气温与降水量整体增加,气候呈现“暖湿化”趋势;（3）在长时间尺度上,气候因子主导了青藏高原高寒草地NDVI的变化,降雨和气温的增加促进草地NDVI的增加,放牧强度的持续增加则导致草地NDVI的减少。