全文获取类型
收费全文 | 24048篇 |
免费 | 2072篇 |
国内免费 | 2231篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 60篇 |
2023年 | 353篇 |
2022年 | 744篇 |
2021年 | 1374篇 |
2020年 | 944篇 |
2019年 | 1171篇 |
2018年 | 1117篇 |
2017年 | 742篇 |
2016年 | 1058篇 |
2015年 | 1568篇 |
2014年 | 1807篇 |
2013年 | 1841篇 |
2012年 | 2261篇 |
2011年 | 1991篇 |
2010年 | 1206篇 |
2009年 | 1105篇 |
2008年 | 1278篇 |
2007年 | 1064篇 |
2006年 | 957篇 |
2005年 | 744篇 |
2004年 | 590篇 |
2003年 | 542篇 |
2002年 | 429篇 |
2001年 | 336篇 |
2000年 | 333篇 |
1999年 | 347篇 |
1998年 | 222篇 |
1997年 | 259篇 |
1996年 | 205篇 |
1995年 | 198篇 |
1994年 | 173篇 |
1993年 | 138篇 |
1992年 | 193篇 |
1991年 | 149篇 |
1990年 | 157篇 |
1989年 | 100篇 |
1988年 | 94篇 |
1987年 | 89篇 |
1986年 | 64篇 |
1985年 | 67篇 |
1984年 | 45篇 |
1983年 | 49篇 |
1982年 | 27篇 |
1981年 | 18篇 |
1980年 | 17篇 |
1979年 | 12篇 |
1978年 | 10篇 |
1969年 | 9篇 |
1968年 | 8篇 |
1965年 | 16篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
61.
海南岛热带雨林优势种——青梅种群增长的矩阵模型 总被引:14,自引:4,他引:10
本文应用Lefkovitch矩阵技术,研究海南岛热带雨林优势种青梅Vatica hainanensis(V.astrotricha)种群数量动态,建立种群增长的矩阵模型,模拟种群增长的可能变化。 计算得出青梅初始矩阵的特征根是1.0004,它已相当接近种群稳定时的理论值1.0,而且种群初始和稳定时的个体分布十分相似,从而证明青梅是一个稳定的顶极种群。种群增长模拟结果表明,在青梅种群生活史中,种子和老龄阶段对干扰不敏感,而具最大繁殖潜力的阶段对干扰最敏感。 相似文献
62.
钙调蛋白(CaM)是一种多功能调节蛋白,它含有4个Ca~(2+)结合域.晶体研究表明所有Ca~(2+)都与主链氧原子及酸性残基侧链氧原子配位,但Ca~(2+)的配位层中是否有水分子存在尚未确定.木文利用核磁共振技术,以Mn~(2+)为探针,通过测定水质子的核磁弛豫速率T_(1P)_(-1)建立了有关Ca~(2+)配位层中水分子数目的模型,该模型指出Cam中高、低亲和位上Ca~(2+)结合水的能力不同,高亲和位上Ca~(2+)的配位层中没有水分子存在,而低亲和位上Ca~(2+)配位层中含两个水分子. 相似文献
63.
64.
Interaction of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-associated p85 with epidermal growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor receptors. 总被引:58,自引:28,他引:30
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Molecular and cellular biology》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
P Hu B Margolis E Y Skolnik R Lammers A Ullrich J Schlessinger 《Molecular and cellular biology》1992,12(3):981-990
One of the immediate cellular responses to stimulation by various growth factors is the activation of a phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase. We recently cloned the 85-kDa subunit of PI 3-kinase (p85) from a lambda gt11 expression library, using the tyrosine-phosphorylated carboxy terminus of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor as a probe (E. Y. Skolnik, B. Margolis, M. Mohammadi, E. Lowenstein, R. Fischer, A. Drepps, A. Ullrich, and J. Schlessinger, Cell 65:83-90, 1991). In this study, we have examined the association of p85 with EGF and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptors and the tyrosine phosphorylation of p85 in 3T3 (HER14) cells in response to EGF and PDGF treatment. Treatment of cells with EGF or PDGF markedly increased the amount of p85 associated with EGF and PDGF receptors. Binding assays with glutathione S-transferase (GST) fusion proteins demonstrated that either Src homology region 2 (SH2) domain of p85 is sufficient for binding to EGF and PDGF receptors and that receptor tyrosine autophosphorylation is required for binding. Binding of a GST fusion protein expressing the N-terminal SH2 domain of p85 (GST-N-SH2) to EGF and PDGF receptors was half-maximally inhibited by 2 and 24 mM phosphotyrosine (P-Tyr), respectively, suggesting that the N-SH2 domain interacts more stably with PDGF receptors than with EGF receptors. The amount of receptor-p85 complex detected in HER14 cells treated with EGF or PDGF. Growth factor treatment also increased the amount of p85 found in anti-PDGF-treated HER14 cells, suggesting that the vast majority of p85 in the anti-P-Tyr fraction is receptor associated but not phosphorylated on tyrosine residues. Only upon transient overexpression of p85 and PDGF receptor did p85 become tyrosine phosphorylated. These are consistent with the hypothesis that p85 functions as an adaptor molecule that targets PI 3-kinase to activated growth factor receptors. 相似文献
65.
66.
Sokoloff's 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) autoradiographic technique was used to identify changes of glucose metabolic rate in the rat brain following unilateral stimulation of the head of the caudate nucleus. The results were as follows. The local glucose metabolic rate after noxious stimulation was increased in the somatosensory cortex, cingulate cortex, ventroposterior and parafascicular nucleus of the thalamus, septal area, habenular nucleus, head of caudate nucleus, periaqueductal gray (PAG) and dorsal raphe nucleus (P < 0.05). After stimulating the head of the caudate nucleus, the local glucose metabolic rate of nucleus raphe magnus (rm) and nucleus paragigantocellularis (pgcl) was increased significantly and that of the PAG and dorsal raphe nucleus had a tendency to increase, while stimulation of the head of caudate nucleus could partially abolish the increased glucose metabolic rate in the somatosensory cortex, cingulate cortex, ventroposterior and parafascicular nucleus of the thalamus, septal area and habenular nucleus as induced by noxious stimulation. These results suggest that caudate stimulation is able to depress the activation of some brain structures related to nociception and to activate those related to antinociception. The pgcl, rm, PAG and dorsal raphe nucleus might be the key structures participating in the caudate stimulation produced analgesia. 相似文献
67.
小麦体细胞再生株(R1)的染色体变异分析 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
吴鹤鸣 《Acta Botanica Sinica》1992,34(3):226-232
本文研究了普通小麦(Triticum aestivum)、“宁麦三号”等5个基因型的体细胞再生株(R_1)减数分裂各期的染色体异常行为。结果表明:再生株 R_1代有丝分裂时表现为染色体数量上的变异,最常见的有2n-2类型,其次是2n-1类型,也有少数为2n 1和2n-4等变异类型;再生株 R_1花粉母细胞减数分裂过程中出现单价体、多价体、染色体桥、落后染色体、断片和微核等异常现象,并与各基因型细胞遗传程度上差异有关。 相似文献
68.
Variable expression of latent membrane protein in nasopharyngeal carcinoma can be related to methylation status of the Epstein-Barr virus BNLF-1 5''-flanking region. 总被引:7,自引:5,他引:2
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Journal of virology》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
L F Hu J Minarovits S L Cao B Contreras-Salazar L Rymo K Falk G Klein I Ernberg 《Journal of virology》1991,65(3):1558-1567
Seven virus-coded proteins, the nuclear proteins EBNA-1 to EBNA-6 and the latent membrane protein (LMP), are regularly expressed in Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-transformed lymphoblastoid cell lines. In nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), only EBNA-1 is regularly expressed; LMP is detected in about 65% of the tumors. In Burkitt's lymphoma tumors only EBNA-1 is expressed. We have recently shown that the methylation patterns of the EBV genome varied between these cell types. In virally transformed lymphoblastoid cell lines of normal origin, the EBV DNA is completely unmethylated. In contrast, in the Burkitt's lymphoma-derived cell line Rael and in a nude mouse-passaged NPC tumor, C15, there was an extensive methylation of CpG pairs. The methylation extended into the coding regions of the two expressed genes, EBNA-1 (in both tumor types) and LMP (in C15). Two presumptive control regions were exempted from this overall methylation: the oriP that contains both an origin of DNA replication and an EBNA-1-dependent enhancer and the 5'-flanking region of the BNLF-1 open reading frame that codes for LMP. The latter was only exempted in the LMP expressing NPC. We have now investigated the relation between expression of LMP and methylation of DNA in the 5'-flanking 1 kb region of BNLF-1, coding for LMP. LMP was methylated in 3 of 12 NPC biopsies that did not express LMP but was partially or totally unmethylated in the remaining 9 that expressed the protein. The three BNLF-1 exons were highly methylated in all the tumors. The oriP region was unmethylated in all the tumors, as in the previously studied Rael cell line and nude mouse-passaged NPC. Also, the BamHI W enhancer region involved in the expression of EBNA nuclear proteins was methylated. None of the biopsies expressed EBNA-2. Our data show that the EBV genomes are highly methylated in NPC tumors. The strong reverse correlation between the methylation of the putative control region of the LMP gene and the expression of LMP suggests that methylation has a role in the regulation of this gene. 相似文献
69.
Although the acyl groups of phosphatidylserine in brain are uniquely enriched in docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n3), the mechanism for this enrichment is not well understood. When rat brain homogenates and microsomes were incubated in the presence of lysophosphatidylserine (LPS) together with [14C]22:6n3 and cofactors for activation to its acylCoA, very little radioactivity was incorporated into phosphatidylserine (PS). On the other hand, [14C]20:4n6 was more actively incorporated into PS. Addition of LPS (1-10 uM), however, resulted in a 2-5 fold enhancement of the transfer of labeled 22:6n3 and 20:4n6 to phosphatidic acid (PA). Kinetic analysis indicated the ability of LPS to lower the Km and increase the Vmax of the lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) acyltransferase reaction. Among other lysophospholipids tested, lysophosphatidylserine was most effective in enhancing PA biosynthesis. Since PA is an important intermediate for de novo biosynthesis of phospholipids, these results reveal a novel mechanism for promoting synthesis of PA enriched in polyunsaturated fatty acids in brain. 相似文献
70.
M Cannon L Hu J Ye D Lawson 《Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine (New York, N.Y.)》1991,197(4):465-470
The objective of this study was to determine the effects of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and bromocriptine on plasma levels of biologically active prolactin in ovariectomized, diethylstilbestrol (DES)-treated rats. Female Long-Evans and Holtzman rats were ovariectomized and each was given a subcutaneous implant of diethylstilbestrol (DES). One week later, groups of DES-treated rats were fitted with indwelling intra-atrial catheters, and 2 days later blood samples were withdrawn before and at 1, 2, 5, 10, and 20 min after intravenous administration of TRH (250, 500, or 1000 ng/rat). Blood samples were obtained from other groups at 4 weeks of DES treatment by orbital sinus puncture under ether anesthesia before and at 30, 60, and 120 min after bromocriptine administration (2.5 mg/rat sc). Plasma was assayed for prolactin by conventional radioimmunoassay (RIA) and by Nb2 lymphoma bioassay (BA). Holtzman rats released significantly more prolactin following TRH than did Long-Evans rats when the RIA was used to measure prolactin. However, when the BA was used to assay prolactin in the same samples, the Long-Evans rats released more prolactin than did the Holtzman rats. In addition, the ratio of the BA to RIA values was significantly increased in both strains following TRH, but the greatest increase was observed in the Long-Evans rats, in which the ratio was 4.5 at the peak of the TRH-induced rise in plasma prolactin. Gel filtration chromatography of plasma obtained at 5 min after TRH treatment in Long-Evans rats revealed large molecular forms of prolactin with BA to RIA ratios of 4-5. In addition, monomeric prolactin had a BA to RIA ratio of 2. Bromocriptine treatment reduced prolactin levels in both strains, but the effect was more rapid in Holtzman than in Long-Evans rats. In addition, bromocriptine treatment of Holtzman, but not Long-Evans, rats significantly reduced the BA to RIA ratio of plasma prolactin. The results indicate that TRH and bromocriptine affect the release of biologically active prolactin to a greater extent than prolactin detected by antibody in the RIA, and that Long-Evans and Holtzman rats respond to these secretagogues differently with regard to BA to RIA comparisons. 相似文献