卡氏膜球藻鞭毛伸缩节律的研究

卡氏膜球藻（Ｈｙｍｅｎｏｍｏｎａｓｃａｒｔｅｒａｅ）是一种单细胞海藻,细胞圆球形,表面覆盖一层球形石（Ｃｏｃｃｏｌｉｔｈｓ）。两条鞭毛稍不等长,着生于细胞前端,鞭毛长约为细胞直径的１．５倍。在２５±℃,光照强度２０００ｌｘ,光暗时间比１４：１０小时条件下,用ＭＥＳⅢ培养基培养卡氏膜球藻,发现细胞在光照条件下伸出鞭毛,活跃游动;在黑暗条件下缩回鞭毛,沉于培养瓶底。进一步试验证明：１．光刺激细胞伸出鞭毛,黑暗刺激细胞缩回鞭毛。２．鞭毛的伸缩与培养中的光暗周期变化严格对应,即光周期开始后２０分钟,细胞开始伸出鞭毛;暗周期一开始,鞭毛就向细胞内收缩。３．在连续光照条件下,鞭毛的周期性伸缩现象消失。所以,卡氏膜球藻鞭毛周期性伸缩是一种受光暗周期调节的外源节律。这种鞭毛伸缩的节律现象在藻类是第一次报道。     

“8455”小麦植株化学成分与麦蚜（长管蚜、二叉蚜）种群消长的关系

通过对两种肥力条件下的“8455”小麦植株化学成分与麦长管蚜和麦二叉蚜种群消长关系的研究与分析,结果表明可溶性糖、含钾量、含水量是影响麦二叉蚜种群消长的主要因子,胱氨酸是影响麦长管蚜种群消长的主要因子。     

The genetic characterisation of novel multi-addition doubled haploid lines derived from triticale x wheat hybrids

Two novel 46-chromosome doubled haploid lines, W66 and M17, derived from separate hexaploid triticale x bread wheat crosses, were characterised using cytological and biochemical markers. Both lines were shown to be relatively stable cytologically, over 11 and 8 generations of selfing, respectively. By examining mitotic and meiotic chromosomes, the stabilities of the two lines were shown to be similar with frequencies of 2n=46 in 74.2–85.5% of cells. However, over selfed generations, the rye chromosomes were shown to have lost some of their heterochromatin, which made it difficult to establish their continued presence using cytological techniques, such as C-banding alone. Cytological evidence from pairing studies, C-banding, and fluorescence in-situ hybridization, showed that both M17 and W66 are wheat/rye multi-addition lines with rye chromosome constitutions of 1R+6R, and 1R+4R, respectively. These conclusions were confirmed by isozyme and storage-protein analysis.     

小麦－黑麦－中间偃麦草三属杂种F_1及其花粉植株的细胞遗传学研究

２个小麦－黑麦－中间偃麦草三属杂种Ｆ１的减数分裂方为复杂,中期Ⅰ染色体平均每细胞构型为１９．５３Ⅰ＋１３．４７Ⅱ＋０．７０Ⅲ＋０．０６Ⅳ和１９．９９Ⅰ＋１３．４２Ⅱ＋０．６５Ⅲ＋０．０４Ⅳ＋０．０１Ⅴ,后期Ⅰ染色体分配不平衡,单价体并不一定排列在赤道板上,产生各种类型的异常四分体。１８株花粉植株染色体组成类型多样,在２个花粉植株中分别观察到端体和等臂染色体。单倍体花粉植株中期Ⅰ染色体配对频率较高,交叉值为１．５１－３．８５。本文还讨论了三属杂种和花药培养的结合应用。     

Optimal door fitting with systematic fixture adjustment

A systematic approach is presented to obtain the best door gap quality through optimal door fitting in automobile body manufacturing. First, three indexes of gap quality are defined; they are: (1) door gap width deviation relative to design nominal; (2) door gap parallelism; and (3) car-to-car gap consistency. Then the door-fitting problem is formulated into a general constrained optimization problem. The effects of optimal door fitting on the three quality indexes are evaluated through computer simulation. These results provide a lower bound on the design of nominal door gap by considering process capability. Finally, a computer-aided fixture adjustment scheme is developed to orient a door in a body side opening to achieve the optimal fitting. The amount of adjustment, with the desired orientation obtained from optimization, is calculated based on parametrically modeled local surface features of the fixture and the door. The adequacy of door feature modeling is verified through a door-fitting experiment.     

“秦油2号”油菜植株内含物与萝卜蚜有翅率的关系

通过对Ｎ、Ｐ、Ｋ不同施肥条件下的“秦油２号”油菜植株内含物等与萝卜蚜有翅率关系的研究,建立了８个数学模型,结果表明可溶性糖、总Ｎ、糖与蛋白质之比和丝氨酸与萝卜蚜有翅率有密切关系,其次是天门冬氨酸、苏氨酸、谷氨酸、甘氨酸、丙氨酸、蛋氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、酪氨酸、含水量、水溶性蛋白、酰胺氮和含Ｐ量等．     

零下低温对杂交杨树皮层膜脂组成的影响

以不耐寒的美洲黑杨（Ｐｏｐｕｌｕｓｄｅｌｔｏｉｄｅｓｃｖ．“Ｌｕｘ”Ｉ－６９／５５,父本）和耐寒性较强的欧美杨（Ｐ．ｅｕｒａｍｅｒｉｃａｎａｃｌｃｖ．Ｉ－４５／５１,母本）的４个杂交Ｆ＿１代无性系（９５杨、５５９杨、６００杨和１３８１杨）为材料,分析了零下低温寒潮前后枝条皮层的脂质组成。结果表明,寒潮影响下,皮层中磷脂含量增加而组成基本不变,膜脂脂肪酸组成的变化规律是：寒潮前脂肪酸不饱和指数（ＩＵＦＡ）值大的无性系,寒潮前后的ＩＵＦＡ值变化量小;寒潮前ＩＵＦＡ值较小的无性系,寒潮前后ＩＵＦＡ值变化量较大。本文借用力学概念,提出相对抗性概念,给出杨树无性系的相对抗性序列。序列表明Ｆ＿１代无性系的耐寒性已较不耐寒的父本提高,这与田间观察基本一致。     

内乡宝天曼自然保护区地蛛属1新种（蜘蛛目：地蛛科）

记述了采自河南省内乡宝天曼自然保护区的地蛛属蜘蛛1新种:宝天曼地蛛Alypnsbaolianmanensis sp.nov.,该新种近似于绥宁地蛛Alypus suiningensis Zhang,1985。     

不同磷脂和糖脂对莱氏衣原体膜上Mg~（2＋）－ATPase活性的影响

莱氏衣原体膜上Ｍｇ~（２＋）－ＡＴＰａｓｅ用ＤＯＣ溶解后,经Ｓｅｐｈａｒｏｓｅ－６Ｂ和ＤＥＡＥ－ＣｅｌｌｕｌｏｓｅＤＥ－５２离子交换柱,得到了部分纯化的Ｍｇ~（２＋）ＡＴＰａｓｅ,并将此ＡＴＰａｓｅ与不同极性头部的磷脂和膜糖脂重组,研究了不同的极性头部的磷脂和膜糖脂对ＡＴＰａｓｅ活性的影响。此酶的活性不依赖酸性磷脂,ＰＧ、ＤＰＧ、大豆磷脂等明显抑制酶活性,中性磷脂ＤＭＰＣ、ＰＥ、ＰＣ则能增加酶活性,其中尤以非双层脂ＰＥ的作用最为明显。从莱氏衣原体膜上提取的糖脂（ＭＧＤＧ,ＤＧＤＧ）单独和ＡＴＰａｓｅ重组时,酶活性增加并不明显,当ＭＧＤＧ和ＤＧＤＧ以等比例混合时,能大大地增加酶活性。这表明Ｍｇ~（２＋）－ＡＴＰａｓｅ的活性很大程度上与磷脂的表面电荷及磷脂的组成相关。