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21.
Sein Lwin Yasuo Inoshima Yasuro Atoji Hiroshi Ueno Naotaka Ishiguro 《Cell and tissue research》2009,338(3):343-354
We have previously reported the early uptake and transport of foreign particles into Peyer’s patches (PPs) of newborn and
2-month-old calves and shown that the peak uptake of particles occurs 6 h after inoculation, in addition to site- and size-related
effects on particle uptake. We now report the distribution of immune cells within PPs of the distal ileum in newborn and 2-month-old
calves inoculated with carbon black. The types of immune cells involved in the early uptake and transport of recombinant mouse
prion protein (rMPrP) within PPs of newborn calf were investigated by using monoclonal antibodies CD11c, CD14, CD68, CD172a,
and CD21. CD11c+, CD14+, CD68+, CD172a+, and CD21+ immune cells were widely distributed in four tissue compartments (villi, dome, interfollicular region, and follicles) of
PPs in the distal ileum of newborn and 2-month-old calves, whereas CD11c+, CD14+, CD172a+, and CD21+ immune cells were more prominently distributed in the dome areas of newborn calves than in 2-month-old calves. Moreover,
CD11c+ and CD14+ dendritic cells, CD172a+ and CD68+ macrophages, and CD21+ follicular dendritic cells containing rMPrP were primarily observed in the dome and inner follicular regions. The deposition
of rMPrP within CD11c+, CD14+, CD172a+, and CD68+ cells, but not CD21+ cells, was detected in villous regions. rMPrP-positive immune cells within the interfollicular regions included only CD11c+ and CD172+ cells. Although the particles used in this investigation do not include the infectious prion protein, PrPSc, our experimental setup provides a useful model for studying immune cells involved in the early uptake and transport of PrPSc. 相似文献
22.
23.
Min-Jae Kim Bong-Kwang Jung Jaeeun Cho Deok-Gyu Kim Hyemi Song Keon-Hoon Lee Seon Cho Thi Thi Htoon Htay Htay Tin Jong-Yil Chai 《The Korean journal of parasitology》2016,54(3):345-348
Although intestinal protozoans are common etiologies of diarrhea, few studies have been conducted in Myanmar. This study planned to investigate the prevalence of Giardia lamblia, Entamoeba coli, Entamoeba histolytica, and Endolimax nana among schoolchildren and their guardians in suburban areas near Yangon, Myanmar. We performed a cross-sectional survey among schoolchildren and their guardians from 7 primary schools in South Dagon and Hlaing Thar Yar districts, Yangon, Myanmar. Stool samples were observed with a microscope after concentration technique and iodine staining. Total 821 stool samples, including 556 from schoolchildren and 265 from guardians, were examined. The median age was 6 years old for schoolchildren and 36 years old for guardians. A 53.1% of the school children and 14.6 % of the guardians were males. The overall prevalence of each intestinal protozoan species was as follows: 3.4% (28/821) for G. lamblia; 3.5% (29/821) for E. coli; 1.2% (10/821) for E. histoytica, and 3.0% for E. nana. This study showed that intestinal protozoans are common in primary schoolchildren and their guardians in suburban areas near Yangon, Myanmar. Health interventions, such as hand washing education, improvement of sanitation, and establishment of water purification systems are urgently needed in this area. 相似文献
24.
Verena Ilona Carrara Julien Zwang Elizabeth A. Ashley Ric N. Price Kasia Stepniewska Marion Barends Alan Brockman Tim Anderson Rose McGready Lucy Phaiphun Stephane Proux Michele van Vugt Robert Hutagalung Khin Maung Lwin Aung Pyae Phyo Piyanuch Preechapornkul Mallika Imwong Sasithon Pukrittayakamee Pratap Singhasivanon Nicholas J. White Fran?ois Nosten 《PloS one》2009,4(2)
Background
Artemisinin combination treatments (ACT) are recommended as first line treatment for falciparum malaria throughout the malaria affected world. We reviewed the efficacy of a 3-day regimen of mefloquine and artesunate regimen (MAS3), over a 13 year period of continuous deployment as first-line treatment in camps for displaced persons and in clinics for migrant population along the Thai-Myanmar border.Methods and Findings
3,264 patients were enrolled in prospective treatment trials between 1995 and 2007 and treated with MAS3. The proportion of patients with parasitaemia persisting on day-2 increased significantly from 4.5% before 2001 to 21.9% since 2002 (p<0.001). Delayed parasite clearance was associated with increased risk of developing gametocytaemia (AOR = 2.29; 95% CI, 2.00–2.69, p = 0.002). Gametocytaemia on admission and carriage also increased over the years (p = 0.001, test for trend, for both). MAS3 efficacy has declined slightly but significantly (Hazards ratio 1.13; 95% CI, 1.07–1.19, p<0.001), although efficacy in 2007 remained well within acceptable limits: 96.5% (95% CI, 91.0–98.7). The in vitro susceptibility of P. falciparum to artesunate increased significantly until 2002, but thereafter declined to levels close to those of 13 years ago (geometric mean in 2007: 4.2 nM/l; 95% CI, 3.2–5.5). The proportion of infections caused by parasites with increased pfmdr1 copy number rose from 30% (12/40) in 1996 to 53% (24/45) in 2006 (p = 0.012, test for trend).Conclusion
Artesunate-mefloquine remains a highly efficacious antimalarial treatment in this area despite 13 years of widespread intense deployment, but there is evidence of a modest increase in resistance. Of particular concern is the slowing of parasitological response to artesunate and the associated increase in gametocyte carriage. 相似文献25.
Chris H. L. Lim Andri K. Riau Nyein C. Lwin Shyam S. Chaurasia Donald T. Tan Jodhbir S. Mehta 《PloS one》2013,8(12)
Presbyopia remains a major visual impairment for patients, who have previously undergone laser refractive correction and enjoyed unaided distance vision prior to the onset of presbyopia. Corneal stromal volume restoration through small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) lenticule re-implantation presents an opportunity for restoring the patients’ non-dominant eye to previous low myopia to achieve a monovision. In this study, we investigated the feasibility of performing LASIK after lenticule re-implantation as a method to create presbyopic monovision. A -6.00D SMILE correction was performed in 9 rabbit eyes. The lenticules were cryopreserved for 14 days and re-implanted. Five weeks later, 3 of these eyes underwent LASIK for -5.00D correction (RL group); 3 underwent LASIK flap creation, which was not lifted (RN); and no further procedures were performed on the remaining 3 eyes. These groups were compared with 3 eyes that underwent standard LASIK for a -5.00D correction (LO); 3 that underwent creation of non-lifted flap (LN); and 3 non-operated eyes. Rabbits were euthanized 1 day post-surgery. Tissue responses were analyzed by immunohistochemistry, slit lamp and in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM). Intrastromal irregularities and elevated reflectivity levels of the excimer-ablated plane were observed on slit lamp and IVCM, respectively in the RL group. The results were comparable (P = 0.310) to IVCM findings in the LO group. RL and LO groups showed similar fibronectin expression levels, number of CD11b-positive cells (P = 0.304) and apoptotic cells (P = 0.198). There was no difference between the RN and LN groups in reflectivity levels (P = 0.627), fibronectin expression levels, CD11b-positive cells (P = 0.135) and apoptotic cells (P = 0.128). LASIK can be performed following lenticule re-implantation to create presbyopic monovision. The tissue responses elicited after performing LASIK on corneas that have undergone SMILE and subsequent lenticule re-implantation are similar to primary procedure. 相似文献
26.
Mi Young Chung Chang Young Kim Jeon Su Min Do-Jin Lee Aung Htay Naing Jae Dong Chung Chang Kil Kim 《Plant biotechnology reports》2014,8(3):251-257
Tetraploids were successfully produced from diploid seeds obtained through interspecific crossing between Calanthe discolor and Calanthe sieboldii by treating with colchicine or oryzalin. Colchicine was tested at concentrations of 0.05 and 0.1 % for 0, 3, or 7 days and oryzalin was tested at a concentration of 0.003 % for 1, 2, 4, and 7 days, and the ploidy of the seedlings was determined by flow cytometry. Tetraploids (4×) were obtained from the interspecific hybrid seeds treated with all colchicine and oryzalin concentrations. The most efficient condition for inducing tetraploids seemed to be treated with 0.003 % oryzalin for 1 or 2 days. Cytological and morphological evidence confirmed the results of flow cytometric analysis. The stomatal density and sizes of the tetraploid plants were significantly higher and larger than those of the diploid plants. Differences in leaf shape were found between the tetraploid and diploid plants under the same growing conditions: the leaves of the diploids were elongated and those of the tetraploids were round. 相似文献
27.
Tun KL Itoh N Shimizu Y Yamanoi H Yoshinaga T Ogawa K 《International journal for parasitology》2008,38(2):211-217
Marteilioides chungmuensis is an ovarian parasite that causes nodule-like structures to appear on the gonads of female Pacific oysters, Crassostrea gigas. It is known that the prevalence of infection increases in summer and decreases from autumn to spring. To investigate the decrease in prevalence of infection and pathogenicity of the parasite, a biopsy method was developed to detect infected oysters, which were then monitored to calculate the mortality rate. Mortality of infected oysters was recorded monthly and changes in reproductive development observed histologically. Compared with control groups, a significant difference in mortality was observed in infected oysters in September and October. Histological observations showed that infected oysters produced oocytes continuously, even in autumn when healthy oysters were reproductively inactive. This prolonged spawning activity of infected oysters resulted in nutritional wasting and mortality. From December onwards, however, almost all infected oysters survived, though the infection persisted. Infection intensity decreased gradually from December. Histological observations revealed that, in winter, infected oysters released infected and uninfected oocytes through the genital canal. The gonad subsequently degenerated and was replaced with connective tissue, as in normal, healthy spent oysters. The results revealed that prevalence of infection decreased from September to May. It is hypothesised that the decline in prevalence within the epizootic area in autumn occurred because infected oysters died and that the winter decrease was due to recovery from infection. 相似文献
28.
Guogang Li Nan Sun Kyaw Swa Mingxia Zhang Ye Htet Lwin Rui-Chang Quan 《Mammal Review》2020,50(4):325-330
Researchers have recognised one to seven species of goral (Naemorhedus spp., Caprinae, Bovidae). We compared all available whole mitogenomic sequences, including eight new ones from northern Myanmar, and now recognise five distinct species. Naemorhedus caudatus remains a valid species. Naemorhedus griseus is a synonym of Naemorhedus goral. Naemorhedus evansi is a valid species, with a geographic range that extends northwards into southwestern China. Naemorhedus cranbrooki and Naemorhedus baileyi are distinct species, not synonyms. Molecular divergence analyses suggest that goral speciation was closely related to the rapid uplift of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and Hengduan Mountains from the early Pliocene to the Pleistocene. 相似文献
29.
R McGready M Boel MJ Rijken EA Ashley T Cho O Moo MK Paw M Pimanpanarak L Hkirijareon VI Carrara KM Lwin AP Phyo C Turner CS Chu M van Vugt RN Price C Luxemburger FO ter Kuile SO Tan S Proux P Singhasivanon NJ White FH Nosten 《PloS one》2012,7(7):e40244
Introduction
Maternal mortality is high in developing countries, but there are few data in high-risk groups such as migrants and refugees in malaria-endemic areas. Trends in maternal mortality were followed over 25 years in antenatal clinics prospectively established in an area with low seasonal transmission on the north-western border of Thailand.Methods and Findings
All medical records from women who attended the Shoklo Malaria Research Unit antenatal clinics from 12th May 1986 to 31st December 2010 were reviewed, and maternal death records were analyzed for causality. There were 71 pregnancy-related deaths recorded amongst 50,981 women who attended antenatal care at least once. Three were suicide and excluded from the analysis as incidental deaths. The estimated maternal mortality ratio (MMR) overall was 184 (95%CI 150–230) per 100,000 live births. In camps for displaced persons there has been a six-fold decline in the MMR from 499 (95%CI 200–780) in 1986–90 to 79 (40–170) in 2006–10, p<0.05. In migrants from adjacent Myanmar the decline in MMR was less significant: 588 (100–3260) to 252 (150–430) from 1996–2000 to 2006–2010. Mortality from P.falciparum malaria in pregnancy dropped sharply with the introduction of systematic screening and treatment and continued to decline with the reduction in the incidence of malaria in the communities. P.vivax was not a cause of maternal death in this population. Infection (non-puerperal sepsis and P.falciparum malaria) accounted for 39.7 (27/68) % of all deaths.Conclusions
Frequent antenatal clinic screening allows early detection and treatment of falciparum malaria and substantially reduces maternal mortality from P.falciparum malaria. No significant decline has been observed in deaths from sepsis or other causes in refugee and migrant women on the Thai–Myanmar border. 相似文献30.
S ummary . Experiments on the control of crown gall by inoculating susceptible plants with a non-pathogenic strain of Agrobacterium radiobacter have continued. In all experiments, highly significant disease control was achieved. In one experiment, 42% of untreated plants growing in soil heavily infested with A. radiobacter var. tumefaciens died; inoculation of seed with the non-pathogenic strain reduced this to nil. Combined seed and root inoculation was more efficient than seed inoculation alone. In naturally infested soil, combined seed and root inoculation at transplanting gave 99% control of gall formation (as dry weight). A significant increase in plant growth resulted from combined seed and root inoculation. At transplanting, roots should probably be inoculated within 2 h of lifting. This method of biological control is now widely practised by commercial growers in South Australia. 相似文献