1株产紫杉醇内生真菌LNUF014的鉴定及产物检测

从红豆杉的韧皮部组织中分离得到的360株内生真菌中,通过对发酵粗提的检测,共筛选到11株产紫杉醇的真菌。其中1株内生真菌LNUF014的发酵液采用有机试剂抽提紫杉醇,经薄层层析和高效液相色谱分析,初步表明该菌株的紫杉醇类物质含量为53.68μg/L。根据形态学研究和真核生物18S rDNA基因序列分析,将其鉴定为镰刀菌属(Fusarium)。产紫杉醇内生真菌的研究将对紫杉醇类抗肿瘤药物的研制具有重要意义。     

贵州苏铁根的解剖学研究

对贵州苏铁（Cycas guizhouensis K.M.Lan et R.F.Zou）的根进行了解剖学研究,结果表明：（1）据外部形态和内部结构不同,贵州苏铁的根可分为正常根、珊瑚状根和肉质根三种类型。（2）正常根与肉质根的木栓形成层起源于表皮内方第1～2层皮层薄壁细胞,珊瑚状根的木栓形成层则起源于外方皮层的第2～3层细胞,而非中柱鞘。（3）首次发现肉质根一种新的增粗方式,是由周皮内方的皮层薄壁细胞恢复分裂能力,持续或周期性产生新的皮层薄壁细胞,引起根的增粗。     

高黎贡山地区雉类多样性及其保护

根据高黎贡山地形和气候变化,将其分为南、中、北三段。通过查阅文献、访谈和野外调查,在该地区共记录到21种雉类。分布在海拔2500m以上的仅有9种,占45%;在海拔2500m以下的地域分布有雉类17种,占85%。北段有雉类13种,中段有11种,南段有12种。其中北、中、南段均有分布的仅有3种,北段和中段共有种为9种,中段和南段共有种为5种,北段和南段共有种也是5种。结果表明雉类多样性随海拔升高而降低,北段高于南段。生境破坏与狩猎是该区雉类生存的主要威胁因子。加强管理,恢复和建立生境走廊,加强宣传教育和执法力度以及开展观鸟旅游,可使该区雉类得到更好的保护。     

Susceptibility of Young Sheep to Oral Infection with Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy Decreases Significantly after Weaning

Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) is a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) (or prion disease) that is readily transmissible to sheep by experimental infection and has the shortest incubation period in animals with the ARQ/ARQ PRNP genotype (at codons 136, 154, and 171). Because it is possible that sheep in the United Kingdom could have been infected with BSE by being fed contaminated meat and bone meal supplements at the same time as cattle, there is considerable interest in the responses of sheep to BSE inoculation. Epidemiological evidence suggests that very young individuals are more susceptible to TSE infection; however, this has never been properly tested in sheep. In the present study, low doses of BSE were fed to lambs of a range of ages (∼24 h, 2 to 3 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months) and adult sheep. The incidence of clinical BSE disease after inoculation was high in unweaned lambs (∼24 h and 2 to 3 weeks old) but much lower in older weaned animals The incubation period was also found to be influenced by the genotype at codon 141 of the PRNP gene, as lambs that were LF heterozygotes had a longer mean incubation period than those that were homozygotes of either type. The results suggest that sheep in the United Kingdom would have been at high risk of BSE infection only if neonatal animals had inadvertently ingested contaminated supplementary foodstuffs.     

Rhinanthus minor population genetic structure and subspecies: Potential seed sources of a keystone species in grassland restoration projects

In the last few decades unimproved semi-natural grasslands have been affected by intensification of land use and habitat fragmentation. Because of their biodiversity these species-rich grasslands are of high conservation importance and efforts are under way to restore such habitats. Detailed knowledge of within species diversity will aid deciding on the optimal seed source for such restoration projects, e.g. local genotypes or ecotypes. Rhinanthus minor is a species that is typically found in semi-natural grasslands and is commonly used in grassland restoration projects. This is because R. minor is a hemiparasitic plant that takes minerals and nutrients from its host, which in turn decreases the host's biomass and leads to opportunities for less competitive species in the vegetation. Here, we investigate genetic diversity within and between R. minor populations. This allowed us to test whether the six different subspecies of R. minor that have been described in the UK, based on their morphology, flowering time, and habitat, can be differentiated using molecular markers. We identified moderate levels of genetic differentiation between R. minor populations within the UK. In addition, R. minor individuals from the UK appear to be distinct from R. minor and Rhinanthus angustifolius individuals from other European countries based on microsatellite genotyping and DNA sequencing of cpDNA and rDNA ITS. The molecular markers used in the current study did not separate populations of R. minor based on either their subspecies or habitat. The implication for the use of R. minor in grassland restoration projects seems to be that it is not necessary to use local seeds or seeds from the same subspecies.     

大花栀子植物挥发物成分测定及其日变化分析

为探究大花栀子植物挥发物成分组成及其一天内早、中、晚的差异,采用热脱附气质联用技术对其进行香气成分的分析。结果表明:全天从其花朵中共鉴定出62种成分,主要为萜烯类、酯类、醇类物质,且不同时间其成分差异显著,如早、中、晚3个时间段,β-蒎烯相对含量分别为1.93%、1.69%、8.81%,顺式-β-罗勒烯分别为28.22%、4.35%、16.47%。3-蒈烯(3.45%)、异丁子香酚(0.21%)等只在早上检出;月桂烯(0.38%)、伞花烃(2.46%)等只在晚上检出;芳樟醇、金合欢烯等在早上和午间两个时间段相对含量较高,而在晚上却未检测出。从植物VOCs角度结合其日变化动态,为大花栀子园林配置及其综合开发利用提供理论依据。     

早熟油菜成花相关基因LFY的克隆与分析

以甘蓝型油菜晚熟品种RG-8的早熟突变体RG-8M为材料,通过同源克隆法得到1个LEAFY(LFY)同源基因,命名为BnLFY。该基因cDNA全长为1 310bp,包含1个长为1 248bp的开放阅读框,编码415个氨基酸。序列分析表明,推测的氨基酸序列含双子叶植物LFY类蛋白特有的N端脯氨酸富集区、中央酸性区、亮氨酸拉链结构以及富含赖氨酸与精氨酸的碱性区;且与几种十字花科植物LFY类蛋白的氨基酸序列一致性均在84%以上。转录表达分析表明,BnLFY基因在油菜中为组成型表达。     

湘中丘陵区毛竹纯林、竹杉混交林土壤有机碳库动态

研究了湘中丘陵区毛竹纯林、竹杉混交林土壤总有机碳及不同形式活性有机碳储量的垂直分布与季节动态.结果表明:竹杉混交林总有机碳及不同形式活性有机碳储量均高于毛竹纯林,SOC、MBC、HWC、WSOC和ROC平均储量分别是毛竹纯林的1.20、1.74、1.35、1.15和1.27倍,0～20 cm土层是土壤有机碳库的主要分布区;不同形式有机碳储量季节动态存在差异,表现为SOC以1月最高,10月最低,MBC 7月最高,1月份最低,ROC10月最高,4月最低,1月WSOC储量显著高于其他季节;竹杉混交林不同形式活性有机碳储量所占比例均高于毛竹纯林,土壤碳库稳定性较差,土壤ROC储量占总有机碳的比例最大,MBC次之,WSOC较低,HWC最低,分别为18.85％ ～ 19.93％、0.34％～0.49％、0.24％～0.25％和0.19％～0.22％;SOC与不同形式活性有机碳均呈正相关,ROC与MBC、HWC,MBC与HWC,HWC与WSOC的正相关关系也达显著水平.     

ELV对青春期大鼠睾丸中VEGF与VEGFR2蛋白表达的影响

目的研究血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)及其受体2(VEGFR2)在实验性左侧精索静脉曲张大鼠睾丸中的表达和定位,探讨精索静脉曲张中VEGF和VEGFR2的可能作用。方法通过部分结扎左肾静脉建立大鼠实验性左侧精索静脉曲张模型,于术后2周和4周取材,采用免疫组化法检测VEGF、VEGFR2在睾丸上的表达变化。结果 ELV2周与4周组大鼠两侧睾丸中VEGF蛋白表达均上调,但ELV组间VEGF蛋白表达没有明显变化;ELV2周组大鼠睾丸中VEGFR2蛋白的表达与对照组比较增强,而4周组比对照组和2周组均显著增强。结论实验性左侧精索静脉曲张对VEGF、VEGFR2蛋白的表达有影响,说明它们与男性不育可能有一定的关系。