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11.
Regulation of DOPA Decarboxylase Activity in Brain of Living Rat 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
Paul Cumming Hiroto Kuwabara Ariel Ase Albert Gjedde 《Journal of neurochemistry》1995,65(3):1381-1390
Abstract: To test the hypothesis that l -DOPA decarboxylase (DDC) is a regulated enzyme in the synthesis of dopamine (DA), we developed a model of the cerebral uptake and metabolism of [3 H]DOPA. The unidirectional blood-brain clearance of [3 H]DOPA ( K D 1 ) was 0.049 ml g−1 min−1 . The relative DDC activity ( k D 3 ) was 0.26 min−1 in striatum, 0.04 min−1 in hypothalamus, and 0.02 min−1 in hippocampus. In striatum, 3,4-[3 H]dihydroxyphenylacetic acid ([3 H]DOPAC) was formed from [3 H]DA with a rate constant of 0.013 min−1 , [3 H]homovanillic acid ([3 H]HVA) was formed from [3 H]DOPAC at a rate constant of 0.020 min−1 , and [3 H]HVA was eliminated from brain at a rate constant of 0.037 min−1 . Together, these rate constants predicted the ratios of endogenous DOPAC and HVA to DA in rat striatum. Pargyline, an inhibitor of DA catabolism, substantially reduced the contrast between striatum and cortex, in comparison with the contrast seen in autoradiograms of control rats. At 30 min and at 4 h after pargyline, k D 3 was reduced by 50% in striatum and olfactory tubercle but was unaffected in hypothalamus, indicating that DDC activity is reduced in specific brain regions after monoamine oxidase inhibition. Thus, DDC activity may be a regulated step in the synthesis of DA. 相似文献
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A phylogeographical perspective on the ex situ conservation of Aylacostoma (Thiaridae,Gastropoda) from the High Paraná River (Argentina–Paraguay) 下载免费PDF全文
Roberto E. Vogler Ariel A. Beltramino Ellen E. Strong Juana G. Peso Alejandra Rumi 《Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society》2015,174(3):487-499
Aylacostoma Spix, 1827, contains species that are the subject of focused conservation efforts under the auspices of the ‘Aylacostoma Project’, the only ex situ conservation programme for freshwater gastropods in South America. Two species from the High Paraná River (Argentina–Paraguay) are included in this programme (Aylacostoma chloroticum Hylton Scott, 1954 and Aylacostoma brunneum Vogler & Peso, 2014), as their habitats have disappeared as a consequence of the filling of the Yacyretá Reservoir in the 1990s. At present, A. chloroticum is restricted to only one known wild population in a small and fragile habitat, and wild populations of A. brunneum are presumed to have gone extinct. We used partial sequences of the cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene to provide the first phylogeographical perspective on these species from a limited dataset containing representatives of several wild populations that are successfully being bred in captivity. We found low genetic diversity and two haplotypes in A. chloroticum, and absence of variation with one haplotype in A. brunneum. The reservoir's entry zone was identified to be of great interest for conservation, and is where we suggest re‐introductions and translocations should be targeted, to preserve the future evolutionary potential of the extant diversity. © 2015 The Linnean Society of London 相似文献
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Determination of haplotype frequencies (the joint distribution of genetic markers) in large population samples is a powerful tool for association studies. This is due to their greater extent of polymorphism since any two bi-allelic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) generate a potential four-allele genetic marker. Therefore, a haplotype may capture a given functional polymorphism with higher statistical power than its SNP components. The statistical estimation of haplotype frequencies, usually employed in linkage disequilibrium studies, requires individual genotyping for each SNP in the haplotype, thus making it an expensive process. In this study, we describe a new method for direct measurement of haplotype frequencies in DNA pools by allele-specific, long-range haplotype amplification. The proposed method allows the efficient determination of haplotypes composed of two SNPs in close vicinity (up to 20 kb). 相似文献
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Microginins are linear oligopeptides synthesized by cyanobacteria. The literature data on their characteristics are scant. This study examined the influence of abiotic factors including pH, temperature, visible and ultraviolet radiation on the stability of the microginins FR3 (MG‐FR3), FR4 (MG‐FR4) and 757 (MG‐757) synthesized by Woronichinia naegeliana. In alkaline conditions (pH 9) only the concentration of MG‐757 was reduced significantly, by 14.3%. The tested microginins were stable at room temperature (half‐life 7–17 weeks). Boiling for one hour caused 26.1% decomposition of MG‐FR4 and 26.8% decomposition of MG‐757; MG‐FR3 was not significantly affected. Under visible radiation the initial content of MG‐FR4 declined 23.0%, but MG‐FR3 and MG‐757 proved insensitive to it. Treatment with a high dose of UV radiation (36 μmol m?2 s?1) caused the tested microginins to degrade by 13.8% to 21.4%. The study showed these microginins to be oligopeptides of high stability, the most stable of them being MG‐FR3. 相似文献
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Ariel A. Muñoz Jonathan Barichivich Duncan A. Christie Wouter Dorigo David Sauchyn Álvaro González‐Reyes Ricardo Villalba Antonio Lara Natalia Riquelme Mauro E. González 《Austral ecology》2014,39(2):158-169
Araucaria araucana (Araucaria) is a long‐lived conifer growing along a sharp west–east biophysical gradient in the Patagonian Andes. The patterns and climate drivers of Araucaria growth have typically been documented on the driest part of the gradient relying on correlations with meteorological records, but the lack of in situ soil moisture observations has precluded an assessment of the growth responses to soil moisture variability. Here, we use a network of 21 tree‐ring width chronologies to investigate the spatiotemporal patterns of tree growth through the entire gradient and evaluate their linkages with regional climate and satellite‐observed surface soil moisture variability. We found that temporal variations in tree growth are remarkably similar throughout the gradient and largely driven by soil moisture variability. The regional spatiotemporal pattern of tree growth was positively correlated with precipitation (r = 0.35 for January 1920–1974; P < 0.01) and predominantly negatively correlated with temperature (r = ?0.38 for January–March 1920–1974; P < 0.01) during the previous growing season. These correlations suggest a temporally lagged growth response to summer moisture that could be associated with known physiological carry‐over processes in conifers and to a response to moisture variability at deeper layers of the rooting zone. Notably, satellite observations revealed a previously unobserved response of Araucaria growth to summer surface soil moisture during the current rather than the previous growing season (r = 0.65 for 1979–2000; P < 0.05). This new response has a large spatial footprint across the mid‐latitudes of the South American continent (35°–45°S) and highlights the potential of Araucaria tree rings for palaeoclimatic applications. The strong moisture constraint on tree growth revealed by satellite observations suggests that projected summer drying during the coming decades may result in regional growth declines in Araucaria forests and other water‐limited ecosystems in the Patagonian Andes. 相似文献
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Cavite Harry Jay M. Mactal Ariel G. Evangelista Editha V. Cruz Jayvee A. 《Journal of Plant Growth Regulation》2021,40(2):494-508
Journal of Plant Growth Regulation - This study evaluated the effects of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) isolates in enhancing upland rice growth and yield. Bacteria were isolated,... 相似文献
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Lui Ng Timothy Ming-Hun Wan Colin Siu-Chi Lam Ariel Ka-Man Chow Sunny Kit-Man Wong Johnny Hon-Wai Man Hung-Sing Li Nathan Shiu-Man Cheng Ryan Chung-Hei Pak Alvin Ho-Kwan Cheung Thomas Chung-Cheung Yau Oswens Siu-Hung Lo Dominic Chi-Chung Foo Jensen Tung-Chung Poon Ronnie Tung-Ping Poon Roberta Wen-Chi Pang Wai-Lun Law 《PloS one》2015,10(5)
BackgroundThe overall prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients is unsatisfactory due to cancer metastasis after operation. This study aims to investigate the clinical significance of plasma osteopontin (OPN) levels as minimally invasive, predictive, and surrogate biomarkers for prognosis of CRC patients.MethodsThis randomized study design consists of pre-operative and post-operative plasma samples from a total of 79 patients. We determined plasma levels of OPN by ELISA and examined their correlation with the clinicopathological parameters of CRC patients. The effects of endogenous and exogenous OPN on CRC metastasis were investigated by examination of the effect on regulators of epithelial to messenchymal transition and migration assay.ResultsOur findings demonstrated for the first time the clinical correlation of plasma OPN with metastasis of CRC patients. High post-operative plasma OPN level (>153.02 ng/ml) associated with development of metastasis after curative resection (p<0.001). Moreover, post-operative plasma OPN level correlated with disease-free survival of CRC patients (p=0.009) and was an independent factor for predicting development of metastasis in CRC patients after curative resection (p=0.036). Our in vitro model showed that OPN ectopic expression induced DLD1 cell migration through Snail and Twist1 overexpression and E-cadherin repression, and secretory OPN level enhanced cell migration.ConclusionsThe results of the current study suggest that post-operative plasma OPN correlated with post-operative metastasis, suggesting that it is a potential non-invasive biomarker for the development of future metastasis in CRC patients. In addition, OPN was shown to be involved in the metastatic process and thus inhibition of OPN is a potential therapeutic approach to treat CRC patients. 相似文献
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Anat Zvi Naomi Ariel John Fulkerson Jerald C Sadoff Avigdor Shafferman 《BMC medical genomics》2008,1(1):1-25