Preparation of 1,2-3H-21-deoxycortisol by incubation of 1,2-3H-17-hydroxyprogesterone with rat adrenal mitochondria.

A method is described for preparation of 1,2-3H-21-deoxycortisol by incubation of 1,2-3H-17-hydroxyprogesterone with rat adrenal mitoochondria. The radiochemical purity of the product was established by two subsequent chromatographies, reversed isotopic dilution and oxidation to 21-deoxycortisone. The final yield of 1,2-3H-21-deoxycortisol was approximately 15%.     

The distribution of Concanavalin A receptor sites on the membrane of chromaffin granules.

The distribution of concanavalin A (con A) receptor sites on the membranes of chromaffin granules has been investigated by binding studies using 125I-labelled con A and by electron-microscope studies using ferritin-labelled con A. In both experiments con A was observed to bind to chromaffin granule membranes but not to intact granules. The ferritin-con A particles bind to only one of the two possible surfaces of the chromaffin granule membranes. These results are in agreement with previous observations concerning the asymmetric distribution of saccharide residues on the surfaces of a number of different plasma membranes. They suggest that for the intracellular membrane of the chromaffin granule the saccharide sites, like those in plasma membranes, are not exposed to the cell cytoplasm. Further work is necessary to establish whether these sites are on the inner surface of the membrane or whether they are unmasked during the conversion of granules to membrane ghosts.     

Isolation and identification of the conidial germination factor of Neurospora crassa.

The germination-essential substance (germination factor [GF]) that is lost from conidia of Neurospora crassa on exposure to solutions of low water activity has been isolated and identified as a group of iron-transport compounds, or siderochromes. The principal siderochrome of conidia is ferricrocin, a cyclic hexapeptide. A closely related substance, ferrichrome C, is tentatively identified as a minor constituent. The same substances are also present in extracts of mycelium along with small amounts of a third siderochrome, which has not been identified. The GF activity of culture filtrates is due to coprogen, the only siderochrome previously identified with N. crassa.     

Sampling to Assess a Re-Established Appalachian Forest in Ohio Based on Gelechioid Moths (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea)

A list of microlepidoptera belonging to the superfamily Gelechioidea was produced from June trap samples from sites within the Wayne National Forest (Lawrence County), an Appalachian forest in Southern Ohio that was once a greatly disturbed area and has since re-established over a period of nearly 100 years. The composition and diversity of Lawrence county is compared to lists of gelechioid moths generated by other surveys in the eastern United States: the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, an Ohio study (Summerville and Crist 2003), and unpublished data from Connecticut (Wagner). From comparison with these studies, we address two questions: (1) How well do passive surveys of Gelechioidea compare to more labor intensive surveys? (2) How does the regenerated Wayne National Forest compare to other well documented areas with respect to gelechioid diversity? Our sample of diversity, though more narrow in time and area, compares favorably to more exhaustive sampling and demonstrates that it may be more efficient to focus on target groups in focal localities when time and resources are limited rather than conduct extensive sampling programs.     

Fractures of the Calcaneus—Diagnosis and Treatment

Good lateral, Anthonsen oblique, anterior-posterior, and axial roentgenograms are necessary to define the extent of fractures of the calcaneus. Roentgenograms of the lumbar spine, including the thoracolumbar junction, are recommended whenever a fall has occurred sufficient to fracture the calcaneus.The great majority of calcaneal fractures are compression shearing fractures. Significant disruption of articular surfaces and spreading of the body beneath the fibula are major surgical problems and require careful treatment. In a series of 50 fractures treated by four methods, open reduction with stabilization by bone grafts, followed by active motion at six to eight weeks, gave the best results.     

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ABSTRACT

In most mammals, adults produce relatively low frequency vocalizations compared to those of juveniles. This rule is not maintained however at least in four species of ground squirrels, whose juveniles call at the adult's fundamental frequency. These findings have been obtained however with separate sets of juveniles and adults and no data is available concerning the ontogeny linked to these differences. Here we analyze the acoustic structure of alarm calls of the same Yellow Spermophilus fulvus and Speckled S. suslicus ground squirrel individuals, recorded as pups and as adults after hibernation. We found the fundamental frequencies of adults within the same frequency ranges as those of pups, in spite of the significant difference in body mass. In ground squirrels, severing the relationship between body size and call frequency removes some vocal cues to age. We discuss some functional hypotheses advanced to explain manipulations with fundamental frequencies in ground squirrels and other animals, and suggest the lack of data for discussing the mechanisms of such vocal tuning.     

Spruce sugars and poultry hydrolysate as growth medium in repeated fed-batch fermentation processes for production of yeast biomass

Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering - The production of microbial protein in the form of yeast grown on lignocellulosic sugars and nitrogen-rich industrial residues is an attractive approach for...