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31.
Habibeh Mashayekhi-Sardoo Amir Hooshang Mohammadpour Homa Nomani Amirhossein Sahebkar 《Journal of cellular physiology》2019,234(11):19339-19351
Diabetes mellitus (DM) and cancer are global problems carrying huge human, social, and economic impact. Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is associated with an increased risk for a number of cancers, including breast, pancreatic, and liver cancer. Moreover, adverse drug reactions are higher in paitents with cancer with T2DM compared to cancer patients without T2DM. Cellular mechanisms of hyperglycemia and chemotherapy efficacy may be different depending upon the particular cancer type and the condition of the patient. This review evaluates the effect of DM on the pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and adverse drug reactions of commonly used anticancer drugs such as cisplatin, methotrexate, paclitaxel, doxorubicin, and adriamycin in both clinical and animal models. A literature search was conducted in scientific databases including Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar including the relevant keywords. The results of the effectiveness of anticancer therapies in patients with DM are, however, inconsistent because DM can negatively impact multiple diverse entities including nerves and vascular structures, insulin-like growth factor 1, the function of the innate immune system, drug pharmacokinetics, the expression levels of hepatic CYP450, Mdr 1b and enzymes that then lead to drug toxicity. However, in a few circumstances, DM led to attenuation of the toxicity of anticancer drugs secondary to attenuation of the energy-dependent renal uptake process. Overall, the impact of DM on patients with cancer is variable because of the diverse types of cancers and the spectrum of anticancer drugs. With respect to the evidence for cancer involvement in DM pathophysiology and the response to anticancer treatment in patients with DM, many questions still remain and further clinical trials are needed. 相似文献
32.
Noghani Amirhessam Eskafi Asadpour Reza Saberivand Adel Mazaheri Zohreh Hamidian Gholamreza 《Molecular biology reports》2022,49(3):2197-2207
Molecular Biology Reports - The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of D-serine (DS) and Dizocilpine (MK-801) on the proliferation of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) in... 相似文献
33.
Jumping from a stationary standing position into the air is a transition from a constrained motion in contact with the ground to an unconstrained system not in contact with the ground. A simple case of the jump, as it applies to humans, robots and humanoids, is studied in this paper. The dynamics of the constrained rigid body are expanded to define a larger system that accommodates the jump. The formulation is applied to a four-link, three-dimensional system in order to articulate the ballistic motion involved. The activity of the muscular system and the role of the major sagittal muscle groups are demonstrated. The control strategy, involving state feedback and central feed forward signals, is formulated and computer simulations are presented to assess the feasibility of the formulations, the strategy and the jump. 相似文献
34.
Hooshang?NematiEmail author Gholamreza?Bahrami Zohreh?Rahimi 《Molecular biology reports》2011,38(5):3213-3218
The present study describes a rapid and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the detection of
human globin chains in blood. The method involves direct injection of globin chains which prepared by a standard method onto
a micro bondapack C18 reversed-phase column (7.8 mm I.D.) with UV detection at 280 nm. The detection limit of hemoglobin (Hb)
was 0.1 μg, which is equivalent to about 1 ml of fresh whole blood. We report here the rapid procedure for globin chain analysis.
The present method will be useful for the determination of globin chain analysis in clinical laboratories, as well as in thalassemia
and sickle cell disease patients. 相似文献
35.
Zeinali-Davarani S Shirazi-Adl A Dariush B Hemami H Parnianpour M 《Computer methods in biomechanics and biomedical engineering》2011,14(7):645-656
The effects of external resistance on the recruitment of trunk muscles in sagittal movements and the coactivation mechanism to maintain spinal stability were investigated using a simple computational model of iso-resistive spine sagittal movements. Neural excitation of muscles was attained based on inverse dynamics approach along with a stability-based optimisation. The trunk flexion and extension movements between 60° flexion and the upright posture against various resistance levels were simulated. Incorporation of the stability constraint in the optimisation algorithm required higher antagonistic activities for all resistance levels mostly close to the upright position. Extension movements showed higher coactivation with higher resistance, whereas flexion movements demonstrated lower coactivation indicating a greater stability demand in backward extension movements against higher resistance at the neighbourhood of the upright posture. Optimal extension profiles based on minimum jerk, work and power had distinct kinematics profiles which led to recruitment patterns with different timing and amplitude of activation. 相似文献
36.
Jabraeil Razmjou Shirzad Ramazani Bahram Naseri Gadir Nouri Ganbalani Hooshang Rafiee Dastjerdi 《Applied Entomology and Zoology》2011,46(4):455-461
The English grain aphid, Sitobion avenae (Fabricius), is a severe pest of wheat plants in temperate countries. Therefore, we carried out primary screening to assess
the resistance or susceptibility of 23 commonly grown wheat varieties to this aphid at greenhouse and laboratory conditions
in Iran. Also, population attributes of this aphid were evaluated on six wheat varieties, namely Saysonz, Arta, Moghan3, Zagros,
Sardari and Shirodi. The aphids were colonized on the Hirmand wheat variety in a growth chamber at 20 ± 1°C, 60 ± 5% R.H.
and a photoperiod of 14:10 (L:D). The tested varieties were grouped into three major classes including A (e.g., Shirodi, Falat
and Moghan2), B (e.g., Sardari, Zagros and Tagan) and C (e.g., Arta, Saysonz, Moghan3 and Pishtaz). Also, the results of the
life history traits showed that the developmental time of nymphal stage ranged from 7.5 days on Zagros to 10.8 days on Saysonz.
The intrinsic rate of increase (r
m
) of S. avenae varied from 0.133 (day−1) on Saysonz to 0.210 (day−1) on Shirodi. Jackknife estimates of other population parameters on these varieties were evaluated. As a result, our findings
showed that the varieties Saysonz, Arta and Moghan3 were partially resistant against S. avenae, whereas Shirodi, Zagros and Sardari were relatively susceptible. 相似文献
37.
Homocysteine is a sulfur-containing amino acid produced during the metabolism of methionine and elevated plasma levels of homocysteine have been linked to an increased risk of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular ischemic events by numerous authors. Several mechanisms by which elevated homocysteine impairs vascular function have been proposed including impairment of endothelial function and at least some of those mechanisms are induced via homocysteine-associated DNA hypomethylation. Oral administration of folic acid and B vitamins, required for remethylation of homocysteine to methionine, decreased plasma total homocysteine levels but clinical trials using folic acid and B vitamins did not confirm that the decreased plasma levels of homocysteine through diet or drugs may be paralleled by a reduction in cardiovascular risk. In our view a plausible explanation for the discordance between the epidemiologic studies and the results of the clinical trials may be related to the homocysteine-associated global DNA hypomethylation which cannot easily be reversed by homocysteine-lowering therapy. 相似文献
38.
Hajar Hamidian Hamid Soltanian-Zadeh Reza Faraji-Dana Masoumeh Gity 《Biomedical engineering online》2010,9(1):51
Background
Pre-operative imaging devices generate high-resolution images but intra-operative imaging devices generate low-resolution images. To use high-resolution pre-operative images during surgery, they must be deformed to reflect intra-operative geometry of brain. 相似文献39.
Fine Root Production and Turnover in a Norway Spruce Stand in Northern Sweden: Effects of Nitrogen and Water Manipulation 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Fine root length production, biomass production, and turnover in forest floor and mineral soil (0–30 cm) layers were studied in relation to irrigated (I) and irrigated-fertilized (IL) treatments in a Norway spruce stand in northern Sweden over a 2-year period. Fine roots (<1 mm) of both spruce and understory vegetation were studied. Minirhizotrons were used to estimate fine root length production and turnover, and soil cores were used to estimate standing biomass. Turnover was estimated as both the inverse of root longevity (RTL) and the ratio of annual root length production to observed root length (RTR). RTR values of spruce roots in the forest floor in I and IL plots were 0.6 and 0.5 y−1, respectively, whereas the corresponding values for RTL were 0.8 and 0.9 y−1. In mineral soil, corresponding values for I, IL, and control (C) plots were 1.2, 1.2, and 0.9 y−1 (RTR) and 0.9, 1.1, and 1 y−1 (RTL). RTR and RTL values of understory vegetation roots were 1 and 1.1 y−1, respectively. Spruce root length production in both the forest floor and the mineral soil in I plots was higher than in IL plots. The IL-treated plots gave the highest estimates of spruce fine root biomass production in the forest floor, but, for the mineral soil, the estimates obtained for the I plots were the highest. The understory vegetation fine root production in the I and IL plots was similar for both the forest floor and the mineral soil and higher (for both layers) than in C plots. Nitrogen (N) turnover in the forest floor and mineral soil layers (summed) via spruce roots in IL, I, and C plots amounted to 2.4, 2.1, and 1.3 g N m−2 y−1, and the corresponding values for field vegetation roots were 0.6, 0.5, and 0.3 g N m−2 y−1. It was concluded that fertilization increases standing root biomass, root production, and N turnover of spruce roots in both the forest floor and mineral soil. Data on understory vegetation roots are required for estimating carbon budgets in model studies. 相似文献
40.
Measuring Fine Root Turnover in Forest Ecosystems 总被引:13,自引:1,他引:12
Hooshang Majdi Kurt Pregitzer Ann-Sofie Morén Jan-Erik Nylund Göran I. Ågren 《Plant and Soil》2005,276(1-2):1-8
Development of direct and indirect methods for measuring root turnover and the status of knowledge on fine root turnover in
forest ecosystems are discussed. While soil and ingrowth cores give estimates of standing root biomass and relative growth,
respectively, minirhizotrons provide estimates of median root longevity (turnover time) i.e., the time by which 50% of the
roots are dead. Advanced minirhizotron and carbon tracer studies combined with demographic statistical methods and new models
hold the promise of improving our fundamental understanding of the factors controlling root turnover. Using minirhizotron
data, fine root turnover (y−1) can be estimated in two ways: as the ratio of annual root length production to average live root length observed and as
the inverse of median root longevity. Fine root production and mortality can be estimated by combining data from minirhizotrons
and soil cores, provided that these data are based on roots of the same diameter class (e.g., < 1 mm in diameter) and changes
in the same time steps. Fluxes of carbon and nutrients via fine root mortality can then be estimated by multiplying the amount
of carbon and nutrients in fine root biomass by fine root turnover. It is suggested that the minirhizotron method is suitable
for estimating median fine root longevity. In comparison to the minirhizotron method, the radio carbon technique favor larger
fine roots that are less dynamics. We need to reconcile and improve both methods to develop a more complete understanding
of root turnover. 相似文献