苦参素对肾间质纤维化大鼠单核巨噬细胞浸润及MCP-1表达的影响

目的 观察苦参素对肾间质纤维化大鼠单核巨噬细胞（MC/MP）浸润,MCP-1及Ⅰ型胶原表达的影响。方法 大鼠行单侧输尿管结扎（UUO）建立肾小管间质纤维化模型。实验分为3组：假手术组,UUO组,苦参素治疗组。治疗组在UUO的基础上每天以苦参素100mg/Kg腹腔注射。各组于术后第14d分别处死5只大鼠。用PAS及Masson染色法观察肾脏病理改变。用免疫组织化学法观察肾间质ED-1阳性的MC/MP细胞浸润,单核细胞趋化蛋白-1（MCP-1）及Ⅰ型胶原（ColⅠ）的表达。结果 苦参素治疗组肾间质MC/MP细胞浸润数及MCP-1,ColⅠ的表达显著低于UUO组,肾小管变性和肾间质纤维化的程度也明显减轻。结论 苦参素可下调UUO大鼠肾间质MCP-1的表达,减少MC/MP细胞浸润,减轻肾间质纤维化。     

Isolation of microsatellite loci in the pollinating fig wasp of Ficus hispida, Ceratosolen solmsi

Microsatellite loci were isolated for Ceratosolen solmsi , pollinator of the dioecious Ficus hispida. We developed nine polymorphic microsatellite loci based on the method of polymerase chain reaction isolation of microsatellite arrays (PIMA). Enrichment of genomic libraries was performed by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). A subset of 38 positive clones was sequenced; 15 clones showed microsatellite loci. We tested 15 designed primer pairs and nine of them produced polymorphic amplification in 48 individual wasps collected from different fruits of the dioecious host fig Ficus hispida in China. Among the 48 individuals, 49 alleles were obtained at the nine loci. The observed heterozygosity ranged between 0.357 and 0.634.     

2021年膜翅目新增分类单元

本文对2021年发表的膜翅目昆虫新分类单元进行了梳理和总结。结合数据库检索, 基于标本记录, 全球膜翅目学者于2021年发表该目新分类单元的期刊论文355篇, 新增分类单元条目共1,152条, 隶属于21总科66科416属, 包括5新科4新亚科83新属3新亚属1,054新种和3新亚种。现生类群相关期刊论文309篇, 新增分类单元条目980条, 隶属于18总科52科332属, 包括2新科26新属3新亚属946新种和3新亚种。绝灭类群相关期刊论文46篇, 新增分类单元条目172条, 隶属于14总科27科86属, 包括3新科4新亚科57新属和108新种。2021年中国膜翅目新增分类单元的相关期刊论文83篇, 新增分类单元条目235条, 隶属于17总科34科91属, 包括3新属(绝灭类群1新属)和232新种(绝灭类群2新种); 现生类群中新增的2属分别记录自台湾和浙江, 新种数量排前五位的省级行政单位有云南(54个)、浙江(42个)、福建(18个)、西藏(18个)和新疆(16个)。在全球现生、绝灭和中国现生膜翅目总科新物种数量的对比中, 姬蜂总科新种数量最多, 分别约占全球现生、绝灭和中国现生膜翅目新种总数的32.5% (307个/946个)、19.4% (21个/108个)和37.0% (85个/230个)。有关现生膜翅目新种发表情况, 在洲级地理单元中, 亚洲发表新种数量最多, 约占56.9% (538个); 在洲级地理亚单元中, 东亚发表新种数量最多, 约占28.6% (271个); 在国家和地区行政单元中, 中国发表新种数量最多, 约占24.3% (230个)。在76种期刊的355篇论文中, 有348篇英文论文、4篇中文论文和3篇法语论文。这些结果表明, 中国膜翅目分类在全球膜翅目分类中发挥着十分重要的作用。     

Effects of the Interactions between Dust Exposure and Genetic Polymorphisms in Nalp3, Caspase-1, and IL-1β on the Risk of Silicosis: A Case-Control Study

Objectives

To evaluate the effects of the interactions between polymorphisms in Nalp3, caspase-1, and interleukin(IL)-1β genes and occupational dust exposure on the risk of silicosis.

Methods

We conducted a population-based case-control study in a large iron mine in China. Between January 2006 and December 2009, we identified 179 patients with silicosis to evaluate as cases and 201 individuals without silicosis to evaluate as controls. We estimated cumulative dust exposure (CDE) for all subjects and we genotyped polymorphisms in Nalp3, caspase-1, and IL-1β genes. We estimated odds ratios(ORs), 95% confidence intervals(95%CIs), and p-values using logistic regression models adjusted for selected confounders.

Results

After adjusting for age, smoking status, and CDE, subjects with the CT genotype of Ex4-849C>T in Nalp3 and the GA genotype of Ex2+37G>A in caspase-1 had increased risks of silicosis (adjusted ORs[95%CIs] = 2.40 [1.12–5.12] and 3.62 [1.63–8.02], respectively). Among subjects younger than 70 years old, those with the CC genotype of IVS8-7652A>C in Nalp3 had a lower risk of silicosis than those with other genotypes (adjusted OR[95%CI] = 0.24[0.06–0.88]). Among subjects aged 70 years and older, those with the CT genotype of Ex4-849C>T in Nalp3 and those with the GA genotype of Ex2+37G>A in caspase-1 had a higher risk of silicosis than those with other genotypes (adjusted ORs [95%CI] = 2.52[1.04–6.12] and 5.19[1.88–14.35], respectively). Among subjects with CDE greater than 120 mg/m³×year and among smokers, those with the GA genotype of Ex2+37G>A in caspase-1 had a higher risk of silicosis than those with other genotypes (adjusted ORs[95%CIs] = 26.37[3.35–207.39] and 3.47[1.40–8.64], respectively).

Conclusions

Genetic polymorphisms in Nalp3 and caspase-1 may be associated with individual susceptibility to silicosis, especially when the polymorphisms interact with age, CDE, or smoking status.     

Decreased Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 and Increased Expression of Tissue Inhibitors of Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 in Paratuberculosis-Infected Cattle in the ELISA-Negative Subclinical Stage

We investigated the gene expression of matrix metalloproteinases-9 (MMP-9) and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) in peripheral blood cells from infected cattle with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map) in the ELISA-negative subclinical stage compared with uninfected control cattle. Significant decreased MMP-9 expression and increased TIMP-1 expression were found in peripheral blood cells from Map-infected cattle after stimulation with Map lysate and Map purified protein derivative (PPD) than in control cattle by real-time RT-PCR analysis. In contrast to the uninfected controls, the activity of MMP-9 was also decreased in peripheral blood cell culture supernatants from Map-infected cattle at 24 hr after Map lysate and MapPPD stimulation by gelatin zymography analysis. As a result, the MMP-9 may play an important role in the development of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis disease.     

人尾加压素Ⅱ对大鼠脑微循环的影响

目的:探讨尾加压素Ⅱ(UII)对于大鼠软脑膜微循环的影响.方法:健康成年SD大鼠随机分为对照组、生理盐水(NS)、UII(10-7mol/L)、去甲肾上腺素(NA,10-6mol/L)、UII(10-7mol/L) NA(10-6mol/L)等五组,采用活体微循环观测技术观察大鼠软脑膜微血管内径、血流速度等微循环参数,采用激光多普勒血流量仪测定软脑膜血流量的变化.结果:正常对照组软脑膜细动脉和细静脉血管内径分别为(35.4±3.6)μm和(40.6±8.5)μm,UII组于滴加UII(10-7mol/L)后即刻细动脉和细静脉出现收缩,1 min时细动脉和细静脉收缩达到高峰,血管内径分别为(25.6±3.4)μm和(23.4±3.3)μm (与正常对照组比较,P均<0.05);细动、静脉内血流速度无明显变化(与正常对照组比较P均>0.05);软脑膜血流量于滴加UII(10-7mol/L)后1 min开始升高,5 min达到高峰(3.5±0.4 )PU 值,正常对照组(2.3±0.6)PU值(P<0.05).结论:UII可以使大鼠软脑膜微血管收缩,血流量增加.     

金矿床区蜡状芽孢杆菌孢壁蛋白SDS-PAGE图谱及聚类分析

用SDS PAGE方法对 5株从我国金矿床区采集到的典型的蜡状芽孢杆菌 (Bacilluscereus)C6,C14 ,B2 ,JY I T1,JY X T9的孢壁蛋白同标准株AS1.12 6的孢壁蛋白共同进行比较分析 ,计算出了各蛋白电泳带的近似分子量 ,又以它们的迁移距离为标准同苏云金芽孢杆菌 (Bacillusthuringiensis)的孢壁蛋白相比较 ,得到聚类分析树状图谱 ,表明具有聚金作用的蜡状芽孢杆菌在分类学上具有相似性 ,而与具有杀虫作用的Bt菌株在分类学上则相差较远。     

大鼠肺内NOS之分布及缺氧对其活性的影响

本文以组织化学方法对大鼠肺内一氧化氮合酶（ＮＯＳ）进行定位研究,并观察了不同时间（８小时～２８天）缺氧时肺内ＮＯＳ活性的变化。结果显示：①正常大鼠各级支气管、肺泡管和肺泡囊上皮细胞呈ＮＯＳ强阳性反应;肺血管内膜呈ＮＯＳ阳性反应。②缺氧８小时,肺血管内膜ＮＯＳ阳性反应开始降低,并缺氧时间越长,ＮＯＳ阳性反应越低、③缺氧１４天时,肺泡间质和肺血管周围炎性细胞呈ＮＯＳ阳性反应;缺氧２８天时,炎性细胞ＮＯＳ阳性反应增强。④缺氧对支气管、肺泡管和肺泡囊上皮细胞ＮＯＳ的活性无明显影响。从而提示一氧化氮不仅对肺具有一定的生理学作用,而且可能参与缺氧时肺的某些病理学过程。     

Whole‐brain microcirculation detection after ischemic stroke based on swept‐source optical coherence tomography

The occurrence and development of ischemic stroke are closely related to cerebral blood flow. Real‐time monitoring of cerebral perfusion level is very useful for understanding the mechanisms of the disease. A wide field of view (FOV) is conducive to capturing lesions and observing the progression of the disease. In this paper, we attempt to monitor the whole‐brain microcirculation in middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rats over time using a wide FOV swept‐source OCT (SS‐OCT) system. A constrained image registration algorithm is used to remove motion artifacts that are prone to occur in a wide FOV angiography. During ischemia, cerebral perfusion levels in the left and right hemispheres, as well as in the whole brain were quantified and compared. Changes in the shape and location of blood vessels were also recorded. The results showed that the trend in cerebral perfusion levels of both hemispheres was highly consistent during MCAO, and the position of the blood vessels varied over time. This work will provide new insights of ischemic stroke and is helpful to assess the effectiveness of potential treatment strategies.