罗霄山脉翼手目物种多样性及适生区预测

罗霄山脉位于中国大陆东南部, 是一条南北走向的大型山脉, 面积约6.76万km²。该山脉位于欧亚大陆东部季风区, 生物多样性丰富, 是亚洲东部第三纪冰期动物重要的避难所。为了解罗霄山脉翼手目物种多样性状况, 本研究组于2013-2018年, 使用雾网、手网和竖琴网等工具开展了针对性调查与标本采集, 同时运用形态分类学和分子系统发生学方法鉴定物种。根据调查结果并结合文献记载: 罗霄山脉地区现有翼手目物种4科14属40种, 其中罗霄山脉翼手目新记录种25种, 省级翼手目分布新记录种9种。同时, 本研究基于5年的调查采集位点, 使用生物多样 性与气候变化虚拟实验室(the Biodiversity & Climate Change Virtual Laboratory)在线生境预测平台, 对罗霄山脉翼手目物种当前的适生区, 以及3种不同量温室气体排放情景下(representative concentration pathway, RCP 2.6 / 6.0 / 8.5) 2050年的适生区进行预测, 其中随机森林算法(random forest)的模型解释力较优, 其预测结果显示: 影响该区域翼手目分布的主要环境因子为降水季节性和年平均温度; 山脉中部及南部为翼手目的高适生区, 面积约为罗霄山脉的30%; 与当前适生区相比, RCP 2.6情景下2050年该类群适生区有所扩增, RCP 6.0和RCP 8.5情景下均会导致翼手目适生区急剧缩减, 且分布区将迁移至高海拔区域以响应气候变化。而本项目的开展不仅初步掌握了罗霄山脉翼手目物种多样性本底状况, 也为开展后续的翼手目研究和保护管理提供了参考。     

沉积物记录揭示的深圳湾红树林生态系统稳态转变

稳态转换作为滨海生态系统的一种灾变现象,其过程伴随着生态系统质量下降和功能退化。深圳湾位于粤港澳大湾区的核心区域,深入理解其生态系统演化过程是进行适应性管理的重要前提。2014年于深圳湾福田红树林湿地获得4根岩芯沉积柱,通过分析沉积和生物地球化学指标（包括金属元素、营养盐、粒度和有机质指标）,重建半个世纪以来深圳湾环境的历史变迁,揭示其生态系统发生的稳态转变过程。结果表明：稳态转换发生前（1954-1980）,福田红树林沉积物中重金属、无机营养和有机物含量稳定增加,但处于较低水平;稳态转换发生后（1990-2014）,深圳湾中污染输入增加,沉积物中重金属和营养盐含量发生明显变化,深圳湾生态系统质量持续下降。通过揭示深圳湾生态系统演变过程及其稳态转变的发生规律,为粤港澳大湾区生态系统修复和管理提供重要的理论依据和参考。     

卫星土壤水分产品在青藏高原地区的适用性评价

为了分析土壤水分产品在青藏高原地区的可靠性和适用性,利用青藏高原地区地下5 cm深度的地面实测土壤水分数据,结合多种评价指标（相关系数R、均方根误差RMSE、偏差Bias和无偏均方根误差ubRMSE）对土壤水分主动-被动探测卫星（SMAP）、高级微波扫描辐射计2（AMSR2）、风云三号（FY-3B）土壤水分产品,从时间和空间两个方面进行了适用性研究。结果表明：（1）土壤水分产品均能反映青藏高原的土壤水分变化,在降水较多的季节,三种产品精度均有不同程度的下降。（2）土壤水分产品在夏季和秋季反演效果好于冬季和春季,并且在秋季与实测值更接近。其中,SMAP产品在各个区域都能反映土壤水分的季节变化趋势,并普遍在夏季高估、冬季低估;AMSR2产品在夏季低估,冬季明显高估;FY-3B产品在夏季普遍低估。（3）土壤水分产品在那曲和狮泉河地区反演结果较好,在那曲地区与实测值相关性最高;在玛曲地区表现出较大的不确定性,虽然相关系数较高,但RMSE和Bias同样较高,整体精度较差;SMAP产品在阿里地区满足目标精度。综合来看,SMAP产品在青藏高原地区反演结果较为稳定,受气候和环境的影响较小,具有相对较大的R和较小的RMSE和Bias。     

三峡库区消落带4种典型草本植物的生态化学计量特征

为研究三峡水库消落带优势植物的养分利用特征及其对生境的适应策略,选择消落带分布最多的4种草本植物为研究对象,分析了植物根、茎、叶的碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)、钾(K)含量和化学计量比特征。结果表明:(1)相比陆地系统和自然湿地系统,消落带植物具有较低的C含量和较高的N、P、K含量,C/N、C/P、C/K均较低,表明植物具有低固碳和高养分积累、低养分利用效率和高生长速率的特征;(2)4种植物的养分含量和计量比存在一定差异,其中狗牙根具有较低的N、P、K含量和较高的C/N、C/P、C/K,且变异系数均低于其他3种植物,其低养分需求、高养分利用效率以及较强的内稳性可能是其在库区分布最广的重要机制;(3)4种植物在不同器官的养分分配策略相似,均表现为叶片C含量低于根和茎,而N、P、K含量则显著高于根、茎;同时,与根、茎相比,叶片C/N、C/P、C/K较低,N/P、N/K较高,且在不同生境条件下变异系数较小,表现出相对较高的稳定性;(4)落消带植物的养分含量及计量比从全库区上游至下游的空间变异性较强,其中N、C/N、N/P变异性较大,而C、P、K变异性较小,表明植物N含量受生境变化的影响较大,加之消落带不同植物生长均受到严格的N限制,因此N供给可能是影响消落带生态系统结构的重要因子。三峡库区消落带植物生态化学计量特征具有明显的变异性和特殊性,是植物群落演替及生态系统功能变化的重要驱动因素。     

Phenotypic and genetic dissection of cadmium accumulation in roots,nodes and grains of rice hybrids

Plant and Soil - Rice accumulates higher levels of cadmium (Cd) in grain than other cereals, and hybrid rice varieties cover around half of the total rice area in China. Therefore, understanding...     

Five candidate biomarkers associated with the diagnosis and prognosis of cervical cancer

Purpose: Cervical cancer (CC) is one of the most general gynecological malignancies and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. We aimed to select candidate genes related to the diagnosis and prognosis of CC.Methods: The mRNA expression profile datasets were downloaded. We also downloaded RNA-sequencing gene expression data and related clinical materials from TCGA, which included 307 CC samples and 3 normal samples. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained by R software. GO function analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis of DEGs were performed in the DAVID dataset. Using machine learning, the optimal diagnostic mRNA biomarkers for CC were identified. We used qRT-PCR and Human Protein Atlas (HPA) database to exhibit the differences in gene and protein levels of candidate genes.Results: A total of 313 DEGs were screened from the microarray expression profile datasets. DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1), Chromatin Assembly Factor 1, subunit B (CHAF1B), Chromatin Assembly Factor 1, subunit A (CHAF1A), MCM2, CDKN2A were identified as optimal diagnostic mRNA biomarkers for CC. Additionally, the GEPIA database showed that the DNMT1, CHAF1B, CHAF1A, MCM2 and CDKN2A were associated with the poor survival of CC patients. HPA database and qRT-PCR confirmed that these genes were highly expressed in CC tissues.Conclusion: The present study identified five DEmRNAs, including DNMT1, CHAF1B, CHAF1A, MCM2 and Kinetochore-related protein 1 (KNTC1), as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of CC.     

Reliable Method for Fabricating Tissue‐Mimicking Materials With Designated Relative Permittivity and Conductivity at 128 MHz

Artificial materials that can simultaneously mimic the relative permittivity and conductivity of various human tissues are usually used in medical applications. However, the method of precisely designing these materials with designated values of both relative permittivity and conductivity at 3 T MRI resonance frequency is lacking. In this study, a reliable method is established to determine the compositions of artificial dielectric materials with designated relative permittivity and conductivity at 128 MHz. Sixty dielectric materials were produced using oil, sodium chloride, gelatin, and deionized water as the main raw materials. The dielectric properties of these dielectric materials were measured using the open‐ended coaxial line method at 128 MHz. Nonlinear least‐squares Marquardt–Levenberg algorithm was used to obtain the formula, establishing the relationship between the compositions of the dielectric materials and their dielectric properties at 128 MHz. The dielectric properties of the blood, gall bladder, muscle, skin, lung, and bone at 128 MHz were selected to verify the reliability of the obtained formula. For the obtained formula, the coefficient of determination and the expanded uncertainties with a coverage factor of k = 2 were 0.991% and 4.9% for relative permittivity and 0.992% and 6.4% for conductivity. For the obtained artificial materials measured using the open‐ended coaxial line method, the maximal difference of relative permittivity and conductivity were 1.0 and 0.02 S/m, respectively, with respect to the designated values. In conclusion, the compositions of tissue‐mimicking material can be quickly determined after the establishment of the formulas with the expanded uncertainties of less than 10%. Bioelectromagnetics. 2021;42:86–94. © 2020 Bioelectromagnetics Society.