马尾松雌球果的发生和早期发育研究

采用常规石蜡制片技术对马尾松雌球果的发生和早期发育进行了研究。结果表明：雌球果原基发生时间为10月中旬,不同的树龄和着生部位,其发生时间不同。雌球果原基与营养茎端在外部形态及内部细胞组织学分区结构有明显差异。营养茎端外形扁平,内部顶端分生组织结构有顶端原始细胞区、中央母细胞区、形成层状过渡区、周围分生组织区及肋状分生组织区5个明显的分区;而雌球果原基外形呈圆锥状,内部结构只有套层和髓区。12月初,最初的苞片原基在雌球果原基的鳞片的叶腋处产生,之后其由基部向顶部连续发生。翌年1月初,在苞片原基的叶腋处,珠鳞原基发生,发生方向亦为向顶发育。2月底,苞片体积不再发生变化,珠鳞膨大端的基部的近轴面分化出2个倒生胚珠。从雌球果原基发生到胚珠分化历时4个多月。亚热带的冬季气候对马尾松雌球果的生长发育没有明显的抑制作用。     

植物转基因沉默与病毒抗性

对植物基因沉默的机制及其在植物抗病毒基因工程中的应用作了综述.植物转基因沉默是转基因植株中普遍发生的一种现象,引起植物转基因沉默的原因是多方面的,但主要涉及转录水平的基因沉默和转录后水平的基因沉默.植物对病毒的抗性机制在某些方面与基因沉默有相似之处.     

窝雏数处理对两种雀形目幼鸟生长的影响

基于 1 997～ 1 999年野外实验 ,对高寒草甸小云雀和黄嘴朱顶雀两种雀形目鸟的窝雏数进行增减处理。结果表明 ,对照组的幼鸟生长率和离巢体重都大于增加组 ,说明窝雏数增加后 ,幼鸟质量下降。随着窝雏数增加 ,这两种幼鸟生长率显著下降 (小云雀 :r =-0 965 ,P =0 0 3 5 <0 0 5 ;朱顶雀 :r =-0 82 8,P =0 0 2 2 <0 0 5 )。窝雏数改变对小云雀幼鸟出飞重影响不显著 (r =-0 41 8,P =0 5 2 8>0 0 5 ) ,而对黄嘴朱顶雀有显著的影响 (r=-0 90 1 ,P =0 0 1 4<0 0 5 )。     

流行性出血热地鼠肾细胞灭活疫苗人体试用细胞免疫反应观察

观察了20位志愿者在接种试验性流行性出血热(EHF)地鼠肾细胞(GHKC)双价灭活疫苗后的细胞免疫反应,并以其体液免疫反应作对照观察。用淋巴细胞转化试验测定细胞免疫水平。结果首针疫苗接种后42天和56天,特异性刺激指数(SSI)和非特异性刺激指数(NSI)均较免疫前显著增高(P_(SSI)<0.001;P_(NSI)<0.02),免疫后SSI累计阳转率为100％,NSI累计阳转率为60％,免疫后6个月二者均降低至正常水平。免疫后56天测定抗体,荧光抗体阳转率为100％;微量感染性中和试验表明,针对家鼠型病毒L99株中和抗体阳转率为95％,而针对野鼠型病毒JR株阳转率为65％。     

Freeze-thaw stability of starches from different botanical sources: Correlation with structural features

Native starches from twenty-six botanical sources were determined for their structural features and stability against freeze-thaw treatments. Starch gels (5%, w/w) were prepared and repeatedly freeze-thawed up to five cycles by storing at −18 °C for 21 h and then at 30 °C for 3 h. Water release (syneresis) from the thawed gel after the 1st, 3rd and 5th cycle was measured gravimetrically, and evaluated in relation to apparent amylose content (AAC) and distribution of amylopectin branch chains with degree of polymerization 6-12 (APC ratio). Syneresis was not observed for starch gels of cassava, normal and waxy japonica rice up to the 1st, 3rd and 5th cycle, respectively. On the other hand, syneresis rapidly occurred for starch gels of elephant yam, new cocoyam, potato, edible canna, and water yam. Optimal multiple linear regression models were generated to predict individual effect of AAC and APC ratio on syneresis of starch gels. The prediction models illustrated the positive unit-contribution of AAC and negative unit-contribution of APC ratio to syneresis (P < 0.001).     

淋巴细胞存在有δ阿片肽受体的分子证据

以小鼠的成神经细胞瘤和大鼠神经胶质瘤的杂交细胞δ阿片肽受体的基因外显子Ⅲ序列为依据合成引物,应用ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ方法扩增人外周血淋巴细胞ｍＲＮＡ的一片段ｃＤＮＡ,扩增产物经纯化后进行核苷酸序列测定．测序结果表明该片段与杂交瘤细胞的δ阿片肽受体基因序列相比有５个同源区,其中碱基的同源性达６３％．实验结果从分子水平表明了人淋巴细胞表面存在有阿片肽受体的可能性．     

皖南、赣北早特马道克期Staurograptus的再研究

对皖南和赣北早奥陶世早特马道克期的Staurograptus重新研究表明,该属具有原始枝末端正分推迟、分支级数缩减和笔石枝密度降低的演化趋势,而代表不同演化阶段的三个种类,即Staurograptus dichotomus Emmons,S．apertus Ruedemann和S．hyperboreus Obut et Sobolevskaya,构成了该属基本的系统发育谱系。种群分析进一步显示,其主要性状变异范围尽管较宽但趋于正态分布的S．dichotomus,可能包含了除S．apertus和S．hyperboreus之外的所有已知Staurograptus的异名种类。     

甜菜碱对呼吸酶的保护效应

以菠菜（Ｓｐｉｎａｃｉａ ｏｌｅｒａｃｅａ Ｌ．）叶片为材料,研究了不同浓度的甜菜碱和ＮａＣｌ对三羧酸循环、末端氧化和光呼吸的组成酶的活性的影响。与电解质ＮａＣｌ不同,高浓度的甜菜碱对这些酶的活性是非抑制性的,并对ＮａＣｌ的抑制作用有一定保护效应。甜菜碱是很好的有机渗透调节剂。这与甜菜碱在细胞质中起渗透调节作用,以及是无机渗透调节剂的配伍溶质的假设是一致的。     

Nicotianamine,a Novel Enhancer of Rice Iron Bioavailability to Humans

Background

Polished rice is a staple food for over 50% of the world''s population, but contains little bioavailable iron (Fe) to meet human needs. Thus, biofortifying the rice grain with novel promoters or enhancers of Fe utilization would be one of the most effective strategies to prevent the high prevalence of Fe deficiency and iron deficiency anemia in the developing world.

Methodology/Principal Findings

We transformed an elite rice line cultivated in Southern China with the rice nicotianamine synthase gene (OsNAS1) fused to a rice glutelin promoter. Endosperm overexpression of OsNAS1 resulted in a significant increase in nicotianamine (NA) concentrations in both unpolished and polished grain. Bioavailability of Fe from the high NA grain, as measured by ferritin synthesis in an in vitro Caco-2 cell model that simulates the human digestive system, was twice as much as that of the control line. When added at 1∶1 molar ratio to ferrous Fe in the cell system, NA was twice as effective when compared to ascorbic acid (one of the most potent known enhancers of Fe bioavailability) in promoting more ferritin synthesis.

Conclusions

Our data demonstrated that NA is a novel and effective promoter of iron utilization. Biofortifying polished rice with this compound has great potential in combating global human iron deficiency in people dependent on rice for their sustenance.