Glucosamine protects against radiation‐induced lung injury via inhibition of epithelial‐mesenchymal transition

Radiotherapy is one of the most important treatments for chest tumours. Although there are plenty of strategies to prevent damage to normal lung tissues, it cannot be avoided with the emergence of radiation‐induced lung injury. The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential radioprotective effects of glucosamine, which exerted anti‐inflammatory activity in joint inflammation. In this study, we found glucosamine relieved inflammatory response and structural damages in lung tissues after radiation via HE staining. Then, we detected the level of epithelial‐mesenchymal transition marker in vitro and in vivo, which we could clearly observe that glucosamine treatment inhibited epithelial‐mesenchymal transition. Besides, we found glucosamine could inhibit apoptosis and promote proliferation of normal lung epithelial cells in vitro caused by radiation. In conclusion, our data showed that glucosamine alleviated radiation‐induced lung injury via inhibiting epithelial‐mesenchymal transition, which indicated glucosamine could be a novel potential radioprotector for radiation‐induced lung injury.     

沉默PPP3CA对后肾间充质细胞MET转化、凋亡、增殖及迁移的影响

肾脏是人体重要器官,肾脏发育对肾脏的形成和功能至关重要,其中后肾间充质细胞 (Metanephric mesenchyme,MM) 间质-上皮转化 (Mesenchymal-epithelial transition,MET) 是肾单位形成的关键环节。qRT-PCR和Western blotting实验检测蛋白质磷酸酶3催化亚基α (Protein phosphatase 3 catalytic subunit alpha,PPP3CA) 在不同状态MM细胞株mK3、mK4中的表达谱及对MET标志蛋白调控作用;采用慢病毒包装方式构建稳定敲低PPP3CA的mK4细胞株;采用CCK-8、EdU实验、细胞划痕实验、流式细胞技术分别检测PPP3CA对上皮样后肾间充质细胞株mK4细胞生长、迁移、凋亡的调控作用。PPP3CA在mK4细胞中表达量较间质样后肾间充质细胞mK3更高,敲低PPP3CA后,检测MET标志物及细胞生物学行为,结果显示敲低PPP3CA显著上调上皮细胞标志物E-cadherin表达,促进MET过程,且促进细胞凋亡,抑制细胞增殖和迁移。此外,敲低PPP3CA促进ERK1/2磷酸化,提示PPP3CA生物学功能的调控机制可能与其去磷酸化ERK1/2蛋白相关。以上结果提示PPP3CA在MM细胞MET转化和生物学行为调节中发挥重要功能,为发现和解析肾发育过程中潜在的关键调节因子提供了新的理论基础。     

珠江口城市段近岸表层水体浮游细菌分离方法比较

为了更好地分离珠江口未/难培养的浮游细菌,本研究以珠江河口三个样点的水体为研究对象,同时采用了纯培养和免培养的方法,对不同培养基的分离效果进行了探索。在纯培养实验中,本研究选择了7种不同的分离培养基,共分离获得153株菌;同时,将扩增子分析结果作为分离效果的参考,所有环境样品中共包含3 553个操作分类单元（operational taxonomic units,OTUs）。对三个样点微生物类群的多样性进行比较,纯培养结果显示珠江口下游珠海样点多样性最高,其次为中大和虎门样点;免培养则显示虎门样点多样性最高;对比7种不同的分离培养基,Z7（R₂A）培养基的分离效果最好,分离菌株数和分离类群的α多样性最高,Z1（改良ISP 2）次之;主坐标分析结合韦恩图的结果表明相比其余的培养基,Z1和Z7培养基分离获得的菌群兼具普遍性和特异性,进一步证明了这两种培养基的分离效果较佳;冗余分析结果表明K₂HPO₄、酵母粉、可溶性淀粉、MgSO₄·7H₂O、麦芽膏和葡萄糖与特定类群的分离有相关关系,其中K₂HPO₄的影响最为显著（P<0.05）。本文通过7种不同培养基对河口微生物分离效果的探究,有助于我们在研究未知微生物的营养特性时,选择成分和组成更合理的培养基来提升河口微生物纯培养的分离效率。     

不同饥饿程度拟小食螨瓢虫对朱砂叶螨的捕食作用

为明确饥饿程度对拟小食螨瓢虫 Stethorus (Allosstethorus) parapauperculus 控害潜能的影响,本研究通过比较不同饥饿程度下拟小食螨瓢虫对朱砂叶螨 Tetranychus cinnabarinus 的功能反应和自身密度干扰效应,探讨不同饥饿程度拟小食螨瓢虫对朱砂叶螨的捕食作用。结果表明,饥饿程度对拟小食螨瓢虫朱砂叶螨的捕食量有明显的影响,瓢虫的取食量与朱砂叶螨的密度呈正相关,表现为饥饿48 h＞饥饿24 h＞未饥饿;拟小食螨瓢虫对各虫态朱砂叶螨的捕食作用均符合Holling Ⅱ模型。在一定空间范围内,拟小食螨瓢虫个体间存在竞争和相互干扰,Hassell Varley模型能较好地反映拟小食螨瓢虫在捕食各虫态朱砂叶螨时受自身密度的干扰情况。在同样饥饿状态下,随着瓢虫自身密度增加,捕食效率降低,干扰效应增大。     

半干旱黄土高原苜蓿草地撂荒过程土壤水分变化特征

土壤水分是黄土高原植被恢复和生态建设的主要限制因子,明确土壤水分随植被演替的变化规律是阐明黄土高原植被与水分相互作用机制的重要基础。以半干旱黄土高原小流域苜蓿草地撂荒过程为研究对象,通过对2016-2018年生长季苜蓿群落、苜蓿+赖草群落、赖草群落和长芒草群落四种草地群落0-1.8 m土壤水分进行动态监测以及0-5 m深度土壤水分测定,分析不同演替阶段苜蓿草地土壤水分的动态特征,探讨土壤水分对苜蓿草地撂荒过程的响应。结果表明：（1）在苜蓿草地撂荒演替过程中,土壤水分随群落恢复时间的延长呈先增加后降低的变化,降水的年际动态显著影响不同演替群落的土壤水分响应;（2）0-0.4 m土壤水分主要受降水影响,使得各草地群落在这一层次没有显著差异（P>0.05）,而1 m以下的土壤水分含量则主要受植被类型的影响,各草地群落之间存在显著差异（P<0.05）;（3）0-5 m深层土壤水分随群落的演替,1 m以下各土层土壤水分含量逐渐增加,表明撂荒过程中使土壤水分得到了一定程度的恢复。研究结果揭示了苜蓿草地撂荒过程土壤水分的变化规律,可为黄土高原生态恢复提供理论依据。     

Clinical features and hematological findings of COVID-19 patients with blood transfusion

This paper aims to illustrate the clinical characteristics, hematological findings, and blood transfusion information of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. Twenty-three COVID-19 patients were treated and transfused with blood products in Wuhan First Hospital from February 12 to March 20, 2020. The patients were divided into a survivor group and a non-survivor group, respectively, according to whether the patient had been discharged or died. The results demonstrated at the time of initial blood transfusion, that the non-survivor group possessed a lower platelet (PLT) than that of the survivor group (P<0.001), and PLT were below the normal range in 6 (85.7%) non-survivor group and in 2 (12.5%) survivor group (P<0.01). Over half of these patients had abnormalities in fibrinogen (FIB), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT), and international normalized ratio (INR), but no significant difference was found between the non-survivor group and survivor group. The non-survivor group had a dramatically higher D-Dimers and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) scores than those of the survivor group (P<0.01). Six (85.7%) non-survivors but none of the survivors had a DIC score greater than 6 (P<0.001). Fifteen (93.8%) survivors and 2 (28.6%) non-survivors were transfused with RBC (P<0.01). The non-survivors (5/7) possessed a higher proportion for using AP than the survivors (2/16). The study suggests that COVID-19 patients who undergo blood transfusion usually possess coagulation dysfunction, and DIC may be closely related to deteriorating clinical outcomes.     

LncRNA SNHG1 exerts a protective role in cardiomyocytes hypertrophy via targeting miR‐15a‐5p/HMGA1 axis

Heart failure preceded by pathological cardiac hypertrophy is a leading cause of death. Long noncoding RNA small nucleolar RNA host gene 1 (SNHG1) was reported to inhibit cardiomyocytes apoptosis, but the role and underlying mechanism of SNHG1 in pathological cardiac hypertrophy have not yet been understood. This study was designed to investigate the role and molecular mechanism of SNHG1 in regulating cardiac hypertrophy. We found that SNHG1 was upregulated during cardiac hypertrophy both in vivo (transverse aortic constriction treatment) and in vitro (phenylephrine [PE] treatment). SNHG1 overexpression attenuated the cardiomyocytes hypertrophy induced by PE, while SNHG1 inhibition promoted hypertrophic response of cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, SNHG1 and high‐mobility group AT‐hook 1 (HMGA1) were confirmed to be targets of miR‐15a‐5p. SNHG1 promoted HMGA1 expression by sponging miR‐15a‐5p, eventually attenuating cardiomyocytes hypertrophy. There data revealed a novel protective mechanism of SNHG1 in cardiomyocytes hypertrophy. Thus, targeting of SNHG1‐related pathway may be therapeutically harnessed to treat cardiac hypertrophy.     

A Review on Additives for Halide Perovskite Solar Cells

Additives are widely adopted for efficient, stable, and hysteresis‐free perovskite solar cells and play an important role in various breakthroughs of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein the various additives adopted for PSCs are reviewed and their functioning mechanism and influence on device performance is described. The main roles of additives, modulating morphology of perovskite films, stabilizing phase of formamidinium (FA) and cesium (Cs)‐based perovskites, adjusting energy level alignment in PSCs, suppressing nonradiative recombination in perovskites, eliminating hysteresis, enhancing operational stability of PSCs, are summarized.     

没食子酸对美国白蛾幼虫营养效应及解毒酶活性的影响

美国白蛾是我国重大外来入侵害虫,寄主范围十分广泛。酚类物质是最广泛的植物次生代谢物之一,在植物抵御昆虫取食的化学防御中具有重要作用。本研究通过人工饲料添加没食子酸的方法,探究不同浓度的没食子酸对美国白蛾幼虫的营养效应及解毒酶和乙酰胆碱酯酶活性的影响。结果表明,各浓度(1.0%、1.5%、2.0%、2.5%、3.0%)没食子酸对美国白蛾4龄幼虫的近似消化率、食物利用率、相对取食量和相对生长率均具有显著影响(P<0.05),近似消化率和相对取食量不同程度下降,食物利用率和相对生长率则不同程度上升。不同浓度的没食子酸处理对美国白蛾幼虫的乙酰胆碱酯酶、羧酸酯酶、谷胱甘肽S-转移酶和细胞色素P450的活性均具有显著影响(P<0.05)。1.0%没食子酸作用时间不同,美国白蛾4龄幼虫的乙酰胆碱酯酶、羧酸酯酶、谷胱甘肽S-转移酶和细胞色素P450的活性差异显著(P<0.05)。没食子酸能够始终诱导细胞色素P450的活性,而羧酸酯酶的活性却受到抑制。不同浓度的没食子酸对乙酰胆碱酯酶作用总体上不明显,但较低浓度时(1.0%)对乙酰胆碱酯酶活性却随处理时间延长而抑制作用加强。较低浓度(1.0%~1.5%)的没食子酸对谷胱甘肽S-转移酶的活性有一定诱导作用,但随着没食子酸浓度提高谷胱甘肽S-转移酶的活性却受到一定程度的抑制。没食子酸能抑制美国白蛾幼虫的取食,并且对解毒酶和乙酰胆碱酯酶的活性表现出一定的时间效应和剂量效应,表明美国白蛾幼虫可能通过调节食物利用和解毒代谢等多种途径降低没食子酸的毒害作用,从而对含没食子酸的寄主植物产生适应。