3种香薷属植物染色体数目与核型分析

参照植物根尖细胞学研究的方法标准,对香薷属3种(5个居群)植物进行核形态学分析。结果表明:(1)从染色体数目看,密花香薷2居群染色体数目2n=16;野苏子2居群染色体数目2n=20,染色体数目和倍性与前人报道的一致;毛穗香薷染色体数目2n=10为首次报道。(2)聚类分析结果显示,3种(5居群)植物中野苏子和密花香薷亲缘关系较近;结合现有报道数据分析表明,该属植物仅有2种倍性(二倍体和四倍体),且二倍体占主导地位。(3)核型参数分析表明:密花香薷的稻城无名山居群1核型公式为2n=2x=16=14m+2sm,居群2为2n=2x=16=16m,着丝粒指数(CI)分别为39.57和42.32,不对称系数AI值分别为2.75和2.87,核型不对称性都为1A型;毛穗香薷的核型公式为2n=2x=10=10m,着丝粒指数(CI)为41.76,不对称系数AI值为5.25,核型不对称性为1B型;野苏子的昆明西山居群核型公式为2n=2x=20=14m+6sm,聂拉木樟木沟居群为2n=2x=20=16m+4sm,着丝粒指数(CI)分别为38.49和40.97,不对称系数AI值为4.20和4.30,核型不对称性为1B型和2B型。     

Surgical treatment of hepato-pancreato-biliary disease in China: the Tongji experience

Hepato-pancreato-biliary (HPB) tumors are common in China. However, these tumors are often diagnosed at intermediate/ advanced stages because of the lack of a systemic surveillance program in China. This situation creates many technical challenges for surgeons and increases the incidence of postoperative complications. Therefore, Dr. Xiao-Ping Chen has made many important technical improvements, such as Chen’s hepatic portal occlusion method, the anterior approach for liver resection of large HCC tumors, the modified technique of Belghiti’s liver-hanging maneuver, inserting biliary-enteric anastomosis technique, and invaginated pancreaticojujunostomy with transpancreatic U-sutures. These techniques are simple, practical, and easy to learn. Owing to these advantages, complicated surgical procedures can be simplified, and the curative effects are greatly improved. These improved techniques have been widely applied in China and will benefit many additional patients. In this review, we introduce our experience of surgically treating intermediate/advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), hilar cholangiocarcinoma (HC), and pancreatic carcinoma, mainly focusing on technical innovations established by Dr. Chen in HPB surgery.     

Modulation of the Antigenic Phenotype of Human Melanoma Cells by Differentiation-inducing and Growth-suppressing Agents

Tumor cells often display alterations in their normal program of cellular differentiation. A promising approach for the treatment of cancer involves the induction of terminal differentiation and a loss of proliferative capacity in cancer cells. In human melanoma cells, the combination of mezerein (MEZ) and fibroblast interferon (IFN-β), results in a rapid and irreversible suppression of cell growth with a concomitant increase in the synthesis of melanin. The induction of terminal differentiation is associated with alterations in the expression of several cellular genes, including fibronectin, ISG-15 and ISG-54, and changes in the expression of specific cell surface antigens, including intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and HLA Class I antigens. In the HO-1 human melanoma cell line, induction of terminal differentiation by MEZ plus IFN-β results in an induction and/or increased expression of ICAM-1. HLA Class I antigens and HLA Class II antigens. IFN-β and MEZ alone can modulate expression of these antigens to a lower extent than does the combination of compounds. Induction of terminal differentiation and the irreversible suppression of cell growth is not a prerequisite for antigenic modulation in HO-1 cells. This is indicated by the inability of immune interferon (IFN-γ), a strong inducer of ICAM-1, HLA Class I antigens and HLA Class II antigens synthesis, or the combination of IFN-β plus IFN-γ which synergistically but reversibly suppresses HO-1 growth. to induce melanin synthesis or terminal differentiation in HO-1 cells. The inhibitor of protein kinase C, H-7, only marginally alters 72 hr growth suppression induced by MEZ or the interferons, used alone or in combination. In several experiments, H-7 only partially and variably inhibited the enhanced expression of ICAM-1, HLA Class I antigens and HLA Class II antigens in HO-1 cells treated with MEZ. IFN-β or IFN-γ, used alone or in various combinations. This model system will be useful in defining the biochemical, genomic and antigenic changes associated with the chemical induction of terminal differentiation and the loss of proliferative capacity in human melanoma cells.     

Purification and Characterization of a New Ribosome Inactivating Protein from Cinchonaglycoside C-treated Tobacco Leaves

A new ribosome-inactivating protein （RIP） with a molecular weight of 31 kDa induced by Cinchonaglycoside C （1） designated CIP31, was isolated from tobacco leaves. Analysis of this protein sequence indicated that it belongs to the RIP family and it was distinct from the other plant RIPs reported previously at its N-terminal amino acid sequence. CIP31 can directly impair synthesis of coat protein （CP） of tobacco mosaic virus （TMV）, which resulted in inhibition of TMV long distance movement and multiplication in tobacco plants at concentrations of ng/mL. Furthermore, no toxicity was shown to the growth and fertility of the plants. CIP31 was synthesized only in the presence of Cinchonaglycoside C （1） and was independent of the salicylic acid （SA） signal pathway. We provided evidence for the SA-independent biological induction of resistance.     

钝叶柃不同性别花的花部形态与传粉特征比较

据有关资料记载,柃属(Eurya Thunb.)植物属于雌雄异株植物,目前仅在柃木(Eurya japonica Thunb.)中有过两性花的报道。近年的调查发现,钝叶柃(Eurya obtusifolia H.T.Chang)也有性别变异,存在两性花。在对其性别特征及功能研究的基础上,进一步跟踪了钝叶柃的开花和传粉过程,对不同性别花的花部形态和传粉特征进行了比较分析。在重庆市北碚区选取了4个样地,测定了花部形态、花朵朝向、花粉活力、柱头可授性、花粉对水的耐受性、单花花粉量和单花泌蜜体积等形态和传粉相关指标,并对其开花动态、传粉昆虫种类和昆虫传粉行为进行了仔细观察,还进行了套袋试验。结果发现钝叶柃不同性别花的花部形态和传粉特征既有一些共同点,又存在着明显差异,性别变异株则呈现出雌雄植株间的过渡特征。钝叶柃是一种花期短,花小而多,开花同步性高的植物,雌花和雄花色味相同。该植物的主要传粉方式为虫媒,主要传粉者为两种蜜蜂科昆虫,但风媒也在其传粉中起着一定作用。该植物不同性别花的主要差异有:1)雄花呈灯笼状,花瓣不反卷,雌花辐射状,花瓣反卷;2)雄花较雌花大;3)雄花倾向于垂直朝下,雌花倾向于斜向下朝向枝条末端;4)雌花寿命较雄花长。钝叶柃在开花和传粉上的许多特征都在一定程度上体现了其对雌雄异株性系统的适应。相应地,传粉者在不同性别植株上的行为也存在一定差异。钝叶柃不同性别花在形态上的差异是其周围各种生物因素及非生物因素共同作用的结果,其中传粉昆虫和雨水的选择可能在这些差异的塑造中起着重要作用。     

Rat nephrin modulates cell morphology via the adaptor protein Nck

Nephrin is a transmembrane molecule essential for morphology and function of kidney podocytes. We and others reported previously that the cytoplasmic domain of human and mouse nephrin interacts with the adaptor protein, Nck, in a tyrosine phosphorylation-dependent manner. In the current study, we characterized the interaction of rat nephrin with Nck and further addressed its impact on cell morphology. Rat nephrin expressed in Cos-1 cells co-immunoprecipitated with Nck in a manner dependent on the phosphorylation of Y1204 and Y1228. Nephrin from normal rat glomeruli was also tyrosine phosphorylated and associated with Nck. Overexpression of rat nephrin in HEK293T cells induced morphological changes resembling process formation, which became more distinct when the extracellular domain of nephrin was cross-linked by antibodies. The morphological changes were attenuated by expression of dominant negative constructs of Nck. In the rat model of podocyte injury and proteinuria, nephrin tyrosine phosphorylation and nephrin-Nck interaction were both reduced significantly. Taken together, we propose that Nck couples nephrin to the actin cytoskeleton in glomerular podocytes and contributes to the maintenance of normal morphology and function of podocytes.     

过量表达蛋白激酶YPK1使酵母细胞对高盐胁迫的高度敏感依赖于雷帕霉素靶蛋白

摘要：YPK1是酵母中和哺乳动物蛋白激酶SGK同源的一种丝氨酸∕苏氨酸蛋白激酶,在酿酒酵母（Saccharomyces cerevisiae）生理调节中有重要的作用,和酵母细胞壁的完整性、细胞骨架中肌动蛋白极性、细胞内吞作用、细胞在氮源缺乏和营养条件调节下细胞内部的翻译情况密切相关。【目的】为了深入研究YPK1蛋白激酶的细胞功能以及在细胞信号传导中的作用,【方法】我们构建了过量表达YPK1的高拷贝质粒,研究了过量表达YPK1的酵母细胞在盐胁迫条件下的生长情况,【结果】发现过量表达YPK1会导致酵母细胞对盐胁迫高度敏感,并且这种敏感性依赖于TOR1的存在。【结论】我们的研究结果首次初步揭示YPK1与细胞盐胁迫应答的关系,并初步证明YPK1的功能充分发挥需要TOR1的参与。