Expression patterns of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma 1 versus gamma 2, and their association with intramuscular fat in goat tissues

Intramuscular fat (IMF) shortage causes the lack of juiciness and tenderness of goat meat, while peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma 1 (PPARγ1) and gamma 2 (PPARγ2) play key roles in lipid metabolism. Nevertheless, their expression patterns and the relationship with IMF have been poorly exposed. Using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), classical Soxhlet extraction, and in situ hybridization, we demonstrated that among 13 goat tissues, expression of PPARγ1 was dramatically higher than that of PPARγ2 except for lung. We further demonstrated the expression patterns of PPARγ1 and PPARγ2 and their negative association with intramuscular fat content in three goat muscles with kids growing. Meanwhile, PPARγ expression was located in the connective tissues. These results suggest that PPARγ1 is rather active for most tissues of goat, and closely related with the muscular fat metabolism during early postnatal life, but a more direct proof remains to be provided.     

Design,synthesis and biological activities of Nilotinib derivates as antitumor agents

A novel class of Nilotinib derivatives, B1–B20, were synthesized in high yields using various substituted anilines. All the title compounds were evaluated for their inhibitory activities against Bcr–Abl and antiproliferative effects on human leukemia cell (K562). The pharmacological results indicated that some compounds exhibited promising anticancer activity. In particular, compound B14 containing tertiary amine side chain exhibited Bcr–Abl inhibitory activity similar to that of Nilotinib. It was suggested that the introduction of the tertiary amine moiety could improve Bcr–Abl inhibitory activity and antitumor effects.     

桤木属7种植物的核型分析

利用改良去壁低渗法对分布于欧美地区的桦木科(Betulaceae)桤木属(Alnus Mill.)7种植物进行染色体数目与核型分析。结果显示:所有材料染色体形态比较一致,多为由中部(m)及近中部(sm)着丝点染色体组成。意大利桤木(A.cordata)为六倍体,体细胞染色体数为2n=6x=42,核型公式为2n=6x=42=36m+6sm;绿桤木(A.viridis)为八倍体,体细胞染色体数为2n=8x=56,核型公式为2n=8x=56=46m+10sm(SAT);薄叶桤木(A.tenuifolia)、灰桤木(A.incana)、欧洲桤木(A.glutinosa)、裂叶桤木(A.sinuata)和红桤木(A.rubra)均为四倍体,体细胞染色体数均为2n=4x=28,其核型公式分别为2n=4x=28=16m(1SAT)+12sm、2n=4x=28=22m+6sm、2n=4x=28=24m+4sm、2n=4x=28=24m+4sm、2n=4x=28=26m+2sm。其中红桤木(A.rubra)的核型属于1B型,其余均为2B型。     

甜瓜抗蔓枯病基因Gsb-3的ISSR分子标记

以甜瓜抗病资源PI511890和感病自交系‘白皮脆’及其F1、BC1P1、BC1P2、F2群体为材料,苗期接种蔓枯病菌(Did ymella bryoniae)进行遗传分析.结果表明:(1)对甜瓜苗期蔓枯病菌接种鉴定结果显示,抗源PI511890的抗病基因Gsb-3由显性单基因控制.(2)利用集团分离分析及ISSR分析技术,引物ISSR-100扩增出的多态性条带与Gsb-3表现连锁关系,该多态性片段大小为900 bp.(3)统计ISSR-100在182个F2单株上的多态性,并用JoinMap 4.0软件分析结果显示,ISSR-100与Gsb-3遗传连锁距离为8.3 cM,定名为ISSR-100900.研究认为,ISSR100900可作为甜瓜抗蔓枯病分子育种的备选分子标记.     

Predictive functional profiling using marker gene sequences and community diversity analyses of microbes in full-scale anaerobic sludge digesters

Anaerobic digestion (AD) is widely used in treating the sewage sludge, as it can reduce the amount of sludge, eliminate pathogens and produce biofuel. To enhance the operational performance and stability of anaerobic bioreactors, operational and conventional chemical data from full-scale sludge anaerobic digesters were collected over a 2-year period and summarized, and the microbial community diversity of the sludge sample was investigated at various stages of the AD process. For the purpose of distinguishing between the functional and community diversity of the microbes, Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States (PICRUSt) software was used to impute the prevalence of 16S rDNA marker gene sequences in the difference in various sludge samples. Meanwhile, a taxa analysis was also carried out to investigate the different sludge samples. The microbial community diversity analysis of one AD sludge sample showed that the most dominant bacterial genera were Saccharicrinis, Syntrophus, Anaerotruncus and Thermanaerothrix. Among archaea, acetoclastic Methanosaeta represented 56.0 %, and hydrogenotrophic Methanospirillum, Methanoculleus, Methanothermus and Methanolinea accounted for 41.3 % of all methanogens. The taxa, genetic and functional prediction analyses of the feedstock and AD sludge samples suggested great community diversity differences between them. The taxa of bacteria in two AD sludge samples were considerably different, but the abundances of the functional KEGG pathways took on similar levels. The numbers of identified pathogens were significantly lower in the digested sludge than in the feedstock, but the PICRUSt results showed the difference in “human diseases” abundances in the level-1 pathway between the two sludge samples was small.     

Comparison of the Morphology Development of Polymer–Fullerene and Polymer–Polymer Solar Cells during Solution‐Shearing Blade Coating

In this work, the detailed morphology studies of polymer poly(3‐hexylthiophene‐2,5‐diyl) (P3HT):fullerene(PCBM) and polymer(P3HT):polymer naphthalene diimide thiophene (PNDIT) solar cell are presented to understand the challenge for getting high performance all‐polymer solar cells. The in situ X‐ray scattering and optical interferometry and ex situ hard and soft X‐ray scattering and imaging techniques are used to characterize the bulk heterojunction (BHJ) ink during drying and in dried state. The crystallization of P3HT polymers in P3HT:PCBM bulk heterojunction shows very different behavior compared to that of P3HT:PNDIT BHJ due to different mobilities of P3HT in the donor:acceptor glass. Supplemented by the ex situ grazing incidence X‐ray diffraction and soft X‐ray scattering, PNDIT has a lower tendency to form a mixed phase with P3HT than PCBM, which may be the key to inhibit the donor polymer crystallization process, thus creating preferred small phase separation between the donor and acceptor polymer.     

5种杀虫剂对滇东白背飞虱种群的毒性及其田间药效

【目的】为持续有效防控白背飞虱,研究云南东部白背飞虱种群对常用5种杀虫剂的敏感性及药剂的田间防治效果。【方法】采用室内稻茎浸渍法测定白背飞虱种群对5种杀虫剂的敏感性,同期通过田间小区试验评价5种杀虫剂对白背飞虱种群的防治效果。【结果】与敏感种群比较,噻虫嗪、噻嗪酮、吡虫啉、吡蚜酮和毒死蜱对滇东白背飞虱种群的LC_(50)分别为0.208、0.459、0.608、3.108、1.256 mg·L~(-1),抗性倍数分别为2.2、10.4、5.6、6.5、5.3倍;白背飞虱对噻虫嗪无抗性,对吡虫啉、吡蚜酮和毒死蜱为低水平抗性,对噻嗪酮为中等水平抗性;5种杀虫剂药后1、5和10 d对白背飞虱种群的田间防控效果均有显著差异。除了吡蚜酮外,其他药剂的防效均在80%以上,其中以吡虫啉和噻嗪酮的持续期较长,药后10 d仍在90%以上;噻虫嗪和吡虫啉药后1和5 d的防效达90%以上;吡蚜酮药效在供试药剂中防效最低,在64.88%～77.82%之间。【结论】滇东师宗白背飞虱种群对噻嗪酮为中等水平抗性,对吡虫啉、吡蚜酮和毒死蜱均为低水平抗性,对噻虫嗪无抗性,田间防控效果以吡虫啉和噻嗪酮为最好。建议滇东稻区可以使用吡虫啉和噻嗪酮药剂防控白背飞虱,注意控制吡蚜酮的使用次数与用量。     

Role of the ErbB-4 carboxyl terminus in gamma-secretase cleavage

The ErbB-4 receptor tyrosine kinase has a PDZ domain recognition motif at its carboxyl terminus. The first step in ErbB-4 proteolytic processing is a metalloprotease-dependent cleavage of the receptor ectodomain, which is not influenced by deletion of this motif. Metalloprotease cleavage of ErbB-4 produces a membrane-associated 80-kDa fragment that is a substrate for subsequent gamma-secretase cleavage, which releases the cytoplasmic domain from the membrane and allows nuclear translocation of this fragment. Deletion of the PDZ domain recognition motif does abrogate the gamma-secretase cleavage of ErbB-4. The wild-type 80-kDa ErbB-4 fragment forms an association complex with presenilin, thought to be the catalytic moiety of gamma-secretase activity. However, this association is significantly impaired by loss of the PDZ domain recognition motif from ErbB-4. Deletion of this ErbB-4 motif prevents the nuclear localization of the ErbB-4 cytoplasmic domain. Data also show that the basal cleavage of wild-type ErbB-4 by this proteolytic system can produce a sufficient level of ErbB-4 processing to negatively influence cell growth and that loss of the PDZ domain recognition motif abrogates this response.