支气管镜肺泡灌洗联合抗生素对小儿重症肺炎的疗效及对痰细菌清除率等指标的影响

目的探讨支气管镜肺泡灌洗联合抗生素对小儿重症肺炎的疗效及对痰细菌清除率和其他指标的影响。方法选取我科收治的重症肺炎患儿126例,分为研究组及对照组,各63例。其中研究组在常规治疗基础上联合支气管镜肺泡灌洗及局部应用抗生素治疗,对照组采用常规治疗,比较2组患者的临床治疗效果。结果治疗后,研究组的临床有效率为90.5%,高于对照组的76.2%(χ~2=4.629,P=0.031);治疗后研究组患者的痰液中病菌清除率为77.7%,显著高于对照组的57.2%(χ~2=6.110,P=0.013);治疗后研究组患者的相关炎性指标(高敏C反应蛋白、肿瘤坏死因子α及白介素-6)均较对照组显著降低(t=3.522、4.912、4.183,P=0.033、0.032、0.033);治疗后研究组患者的相关血气指标(动脉血氧分压及氧合指数)均较对照组显著升高,而二氧化碳分压较对照组显著降低(t=3.612、3.312、6.162,P=0.039、0.040、0.028)。结论 BAL联合抗生素对小儿重症肺炎的疗效更为显著,值得临床推广应用。     

肝硬化合并结核病患者的临床特征

目的分析肝硬化合并结核病患者的临床特征,为该类患者的治疗提供参考。方法回顾性分析2014年9月至2017年7月于浙江大学医学院附属第一医院住院的肝硬化合并结核病患者的相关资料,总结患者的临床特征。结果共收治68例肝硬化合并结核病患者,其中男性50例(73.5%),女性18例(26.5%),平均年龄(59.9±13.7)岁。在所有患者中,肝硬化最常见的原因是HBV感染(46例,67.7%)和酒精(9例,13.2%)。肺结核(43例)、结核性腹膜炎(13例)、结核性胸膜炎(12例)是最常见的结核类型,此外骨关节结核、结核性脑膜炎、结核性心包炎、泌尿系结核、肠结核、淋巴结结核均可见。该类患者常见临床表现为乏力、腹胀,出现发热的患者不足半数,有盗汗表现的更为罕见。结论肝硬化患者并发结核后可使病情复杂化,增加治疗难度。此外部分患者临床表现不典型,需提高警惕,避免漏诊。     

IgA肾病患者与健康人肠道菌群的比较

目的通过16S rRNA高通量基因测序方法对IgA肾病患者与健康人的肠道菌群进行比较。方法纳入生活于同一地区的40例IgA肾病患者与10例健康人,收集研究对象的新鲜粪便样本,提取粪便细菌总DNA,通过PCR扩增后上机测序,然后进行可操作分类单元聚类、物种分类分析及Alpha多样性分析、Beta多样性分析,最后比较两组之间的肠道菌群差异。结果与健康人相比,IgA肾病患者肠道菌群丰富度指数(Ace、Chao1)下降(u=2.308,P=0.033;u=2.259,P=0.039),多样性指数(Shannon、Simpson)升高(u=5.370,P0.001;u=4.601,P=0.007);相对丰度方面,IgA肾病患者的厚壁菌门、拟杆菌门、放线菌门细菌数量增加(t=2.301,P=0.037;t=6.729,P=0.005;t=5.285,P=0.006),而变形菌门细菌数量减少(t=4.138,P=0.009);拟杆菌属、链球菌属细菌数量增加(t=9.037,P=0.003;t=6.001,P=0.008),而unidentified_Enterobacteriaceae数量减少(t=2.198,P=0.033)。PCoA图提示两组肠道菌群有显著差异。LDA差异贡献分析发现两组之间共有15个物种存在显著差异,其中造成显著差异影响力最大的5个物种依次是γ-变形菌纲、unidentified_Enterobacteriaceae、肠杆菌科、肠杆菌目、变形菌门(t=9.930,P=0.002;t=2.198,P=0.033;t=2.604,P=0.015;t=2.393,P=0.021;t=4.138,P=0.009),它们刚好落在同一个进化树上,在IgA肾病组的相对丰度显著降低。结论 IgA肾病患者存在肠道菌群失调,显著减少的肠杆菌科的未知属可能是IgA肾病的特征菌,其对机体免疫的影响及在IgA肾病发生发展中的作用尚不清楚,进一步研究可能为IgA肾病的防治提供新的靶点。     

Three MTP Transporters Sequestrate Zn in Sedum alfredii Hance

Russian Journal of Plant Physiology - Hyperaccumulating ecotype (HE) of Sedum alfredii Hance is a Zn/Cd hyperaccumulator, which can accumulate Zn in shoot up to 2% of dry weight, understanding the...     

Population dynamics,hunting nature on insect pests and existence of symbiotic bacterial microbes among leading transgenic cotton spiders

The genetically modified cotton holding Bt proteins, is noxious to bollworms larvae but very little is known about its impact on population of non-target spiders within the field. Studies conducted with the aim to identify spiders along with their abundance, prevalence pattern, preying habit on insect pests in Bt cotton (L280, Cry2Ab4) and commonness of symbiotic bacteria in these spiders. Spiders collections were made via vial tapping/jarring, from May to end of October (2018). In total, 13,342 spiders were recorded during the entire cropping season. Least relative abundance was in May (0.28%), highest in August (30.39%) while ahead decline was observed, reached to 12% in October. The 27 species were verified, least richness was in May (3 species), high in August (19 species), later in the end, reduced to 7 species. High abundance was of Hylyphantes graminicola (68.56%) and Neoscona theisi (19.98%). Existence of H. graminicola and Pardosa astrigera observed during the whole cropping season. Presence of seven guilds among spiders had a diverse nature of hunting insect pests and on number of species existed in the crop, maximum was from direct hunting habit. Composition and community structure of microbiota varied as of spider species. Proteobacteria was the most abundant bacterial phylum and topmost genus was Wolbachia in observed spiders. Five groups of bacteria distinguished across 4 clusters of spiders depending on core community of symbiotic bacterial genera. This effort is an initial step to get knowhow about spiders in Bt cotton, which will facilitate future research studies concerning spiders.     

Small and overlooked: Phylogeny of the genus Trigonodactylus (Squamata: Gekkonidae), with the first record of Trigonodactylus arabicus from Jordan

Geckos of the genus Trigonodactylus are widely distributed in the sand deserts of the Arabian Peninsula. Three species of this genus are currently recognized, with a fourth one, Stenodactylus pulcher, which placement within Trigonodactylus has been tentatively suggested, but not yet confirmed. We present a phylogenetic analysis of the genus Trigonodactylus with new specimens collected in central Saudi Arabia and southern Jordan. New genetic data has been generated from three mitochondrial markers to investigate the phylogenetic relationships of all species of the genus and to assess the putative generic assignment of S. pulcher. Our results confirm that S. pulcher indeed belongs within Trigonodactylus, branching as a sister lineage to all other species of the genus. The new samples cluster within Trigonodactylus arabicus, thus confirming the genetic homogeneity of the species across its large and seemingly inhospitable range. The new specimen collected in southern Jordan represents the first record for the country and a considerable range extension to the northwest from all previously reported localities. Our findings and discovery of a new species for Jordan highlight the need of more field surveys to be carried out in the underexplored parts of Jordan and northern Saudi Arabia, as these places still hold a potential for new discoveries and are crucial for understating the biogeography of the Arabian herpetofauna.     

叉蕨科30种植物叶表皮形态特征研究

利用光镜对叉蕨科7属30种植物叶表皮形态特征进行详细观察研究。结果显示：（1）叉蕨科30种植物的叶上表皮和下表皮细胞形状均为不规则型,垂周壁式样为深波状或浅波状,具单晶或针晶;上表皮细胞的长宽比为1.62~4.0,下表皮细胞的长宽比为1.63~3.06。（2）在30种植物中共观察到7种气孔器类型,分别为：极细胞型、腋下细胞型、聚合极细胞型、聚腋下细胞型、不等细胞型、无规则四细胞型和不规则型,每种植物分别具有4~7种气孔器类型,均为下生型气孔;气孔长宽比为1.22~1.91,气孔密度为8~76个/mm²,气孔指数为3.9%~25.7%。（3）基于气孔器类型组成进行聚类分析,可将30种植物分成3个类群。（4）对叶表皮形态特征分析认为,轴脉蕨属应介于叉蕨属和肋毛蕨属之间,且与叉蕨属关系更近;叉蕨属的范畴还有待进一步研究;支持将肋毛蕨属从叉蕨科中分离出来置于鳞毛蕨科,但不支持黄腺羽蕨属归入鳞毛蕨科。     

人成体心源间充质样细胞表型分析及向心脏谱系诱导分化潜能的研究

目的探讨成人心源性间充质样细胞 (CDMCs)的分子表型及向心脏谱系的分化潜能。方法实验分为:不同培养时间CDMCs (第3、5、7代),并以脐带间充质干细胞 (UCMSCs)为对照。分析各细胞分子表型并向心脏谱系诱导分化。显微镜观察细胞形态;计算生长倍增时间并绘制细胞生长曲线;流式细胞术分析表面标志抗原表达;实时定量PCR和Western blot分别测干细胞多能分子及组织特异性分子mRNA和蛋白表达。结果采用重复测量资料方差分析、单因素方差分析和配对t检验。结果 CDMCs具有UCMSCs形态特征与增殖能力,体外培养1 ~ 7 d,与UCMSCs比较,P3、5、7代CDMCs增殖能力差异无统计学意义 (P> 0.05)。与UCMSCs相比,不同培养时间CDMCs表面标志抗原 (CD90)表达 (冻存前:97.13%±2.00%比59.87%±34.14%、38.83%±11.04%、34.77±14.78%;冻存后:99.83%±0.17%比56.00%±19.47%、47.48±11.88%、41.15±8.68%)降低(P< 0.05)。与UCMSCs相比,不同培养时间CDMCs中Rex1 (0.00±0.00比0.68±0.50、0.29±0.17、0.38±0.50)、Oct3/4 (1.00±0.02比5.28±0.78、3.88±0.95、3.63±0.34)、Nanog(1.00±0.16比7.57±4.69、5.40±3.58、5.34±0.76)以及心脏特异转录因子Nkx2.5 (1.00±0.12比30.60±22.43、19.69±9.65、8.82±4.94)、Gata4 (1.00±0.85比60467±25266、44350±25800、35067±23113)表达均增高,差异有统计学意义 (P均< 0.05)。与诱导前比较,向心肌诱导分化15 d后,不同培养时间CDMCs中cTnT蛋白表达水平 (0.40±0.13比0.98±0.16、0.38±0.18 比0.69±0.15、0.17±0.11比0.70±0.17)增高 (P< 0.05)。结论 CDMCs不仅具备部分干细胞和间充质细胞表型,还具有心脏组织特异性。其具备心脏谱系分化潜能,心肌细胞分化能力可能优于UCMSCs。     

西瓜含有JmjC结构域的组蛋白去甲基化酶家族的生物信息学分析

利用生物信息学方法,对西瓜（Citrullus lanatus（Thunb.）Matsum.&Nakai）JmjC基因家族的成员进行鉴定,对该基因家族的染色体定位、基因结构、蛋白结构域、选择压力和酶活位点进行分析,并对该基因家族与其它物种的系统进化及共线性关系进行研究。结果显示：西瓜全基因组含有17个JmjC候选基因,核苷酸序列长度为1209~5541 bp;这些基因均含有JmjC结构域,分别位于9条染色体上,归属8个亚族。系统进化、选择压力以及共线性分析结果表明,西瓜与黄瓜（Cucumis sativus L.）亲缘关系较近,JmjC家族基因数量相同,其中14个成员呈现一对一的共线性关系;而西瓜与拟南芥（Arabidopsis thaliana（L.）Heynh）亲缘关系较远,但西瓜和拟南芥同一亚族中JmjC基因间K_a/K_s的比值均小于1,推测西瓜各个亚族成员的编码蛋白功能与同一亚族的拟南芥成员功能极为相似。酶活位点分析结果表明西瓜JmjC基因家族中有10个成员具有潜在的组蛋白去甲基化酶活性。