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91.
Acetylcholine Inhibits Tumor Necrosis Factor α Activated Endoplasmic Reticulum Apoptotic Pathway via EGFR‐PI3K Signaling in Cardiomyocytes
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92.
Jian Xie Timothy Owen Ke Xia Ajay Vikram Singh Emiley Tou Lingyun Li Brigitte Arduini Hongmin Li Leo Q. Wan Brian Callahan Chunyu Wang 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2015,290(18):11591-11600
Zinc is an essential trace element with wide-ranging biological functions, whereas the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway plays crucial roles in both development and disease. Here we show that there is a mechanistic link between zinc and Hh signaling. The upstream activator of Hh signaling, the Hh ligand, originates from Hh autoprocessing, which converts the Hh precursor protein to the Hh ligand. In an in vitro Hh autoprocessing assay we show that zinc inhibits Hh autoprocessing with a Ki of 2 μm. We then demonstrate that zinc inhibits Hh autoprocessing in a cellular environment with experiments in primary rat astrocyte culture. Solution NMR reveals that zinc binds the active site residues of the Hh autoprocessing domain to inhibit autoprocessing, and isothermal titration calorimetry provided the thermodynamics of the binding. In normal physiology, zinc likely acts as a negative regulator of Hh autoprocessing and inhibits the generation of Hh ligand and Hh signaling. In many diseases, zinc deficiency and elevated level of Hh ligand co-exist, including prostate cancer, lung cancer, ovarian cancer, and autism. Our data suggest a causal relationship between zinc deficiency and the overproduction of Hh ligand. 相似文献
93.
Liguo Feng Han Ding Jia Wang Meng Wang Wei Xia Shu Zang Lixia Sheng 《Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences》2015,22(4):417-423
Salt stress is one important factor influencing the growth and development of plants, and salt tolerance of plants is a result of combined action of multiple genes and mechanisms. Rosa rugosa is not only an important ornamental plant, but also the natural aromatic plant of high value. Wild R. rugosa which is naturally distributed on the coast and islands of China has a good salt tolerance due to the special living environment. Here, the vacuolar Na+/H+ reverse transporter gene (NHX1) and the vacuolar H+-ATPase subunit C gene (VHA-c) closely related to plant salt tolerance were isolated from wild R. rugosa, and the expression patterns in R. rugosa leaves of the two genes under NaCl stress were determined by real-time quantitative fluorescence PCR. The results showed that the RrNHX1 protein is a constitutive Na+/H+ reverse transporter, the expression of the RrNHX1 gene first increased and then decreased with the increasing salt concentration, and had a time-controlled effect. The RrVHA-c gene is suggestive of the housekeeping feature, its expression pattern showed a similar variation trend with the RrNHX1 gene under the stress of different concentrations of NaCl, and its temporal expression level under 200 mM NaCl stress presented bimodal change. These findings indicated that RrNHX1 and RrVHA-c genes are closely associated with the salt tolerance trait of wild R. rugosa. 相似文献
94.
95.
Xiaoru Long Simin Li Jun Xie Wei Li Na Zang Luo Ren Yu Deng Xiaohong Xie Lijia Wang Zhou Fu Enmei Liu 《Respiratory research》2015,16(1)
Background
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the most frequently observed pathogens during infancy and childhood. However, the corresponding pathogenesis has not been determined to date. We previously demonstrated that IFN-γ plays an important role in RSV pathogenesis, and SARM-TRIF-signaling pathway could regulate the production of IFN-γ. This study is to investigate whether T cells or innate immune cells are the predominant producers of IFN-γ, and further to explore other culprits in addition to IFN-γ in the condition of RSV infection.Methods
Normal BALB/c mice and nude mice deficient in T cells were infected intranasally with RSV. Leukocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were counted, lung histopathology was examined, and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) was measured by whole-body plethysmography. IFN-γ and MMP-12 were detected by ELISA. MMP408, a selective MMP-12 inhibitor, was given intragastrically. Resveratrol, IFN-γ neutralizing antibody and recombinant murine IFN-γ were administered intraperitoneally. SARM and TRIF protein were semi-quantified by Western blot. siRNA was used to knock-down SARM expression.Results
RSV induced significant airway inflammation and AHR in both mice; IFN-γ was significantly increased in BALB/c mice but not in nude mice. MMP-12 was dramatically increased in both mice but earlier in nude mice. When MMP-12 was inhibited by MMP408, RSV-induced respiratory symptoms were alleviated. SARM was significantly suppressed while TRIF was significantly enhanced in both mice strains. Following resveratrol administration in nude mice, 1) SARM inhibition was prevented, 2) TRIF and MMP-12 were correspondingly down-regulated and 3) airway disorders were subsequently alleviated. Moreover, when SARM was efficiently knocked down using siRNA, TRIF and MMP-12 were markedly enhanced, and the anti-RSV effects of resveratrol were remarkably abrogated. MMP-12 was significantly increased in the IFN-γ neutralizing antibody-treated BALB/c mice but reduced in the recombinant murine IFN-γ-treated nude mice.Conclusions
MMP-12 can result in at least part of the airway inflammation and AHR independent of IFN-γ. And SARM-TRIF- signaling pathway is involved in regulating the overproduction of MMP-12. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first that has examined the effects of SARM on MMP-12 and further highlights the potential to target SARM-TRIF-MMP-12 cascades to treat RSV infection.Electronic supplementary material
The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12931-015-0176-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献96.
Petia Simeonova Nikolova Christian Zang Hans Pretzsch 《Trees - Structure and Function》2011,25(5):859-872
We show the potential of a new method combining tree-ring analyses on stems and on coarse roots of individual trees in order
to advance the understanding of growth dynamics in forest trees. To this end, we studied the root–shoot allometry of trees
and its dependence on site conditions. Along a gradient in water supply in Southern Germany from dry to moist sites we selected
43 Norway spruce trees (Picea abies [L.] H. Karst.) aged 65–100 years. Increment cores were taken from stem and main roots revealing aboveground and belowground
growth course over the last 34 years. Annual growth rates in roots and stems and their allometric relationships were applied
as surrogate variables for tree resource allocation to aboveground and belowground organs. The mean sensitivities of both
stem and root chronologies were found to be site-specific, and increased from the moist through the dry sites. No temporal
offset between aboveground and belowground growth reactions to climate conditions was found in Norway spruce at any of the
sites. These results suggest that the root–shoot allometry depends on the specific site conditions only at the driest site,
following the optimal biomass partitioning theory (the more restricted the water supply, the more organic matter allocation
into the belowground organs). 相似文献
97.
Zong S Wang Z Luo Y Zang J Wen J 《Zeitschrift für Naturforschung. C, Journal of biosciences》2011,66(11-12):621-626
We determined the mechanisms underlying host selection by adults of the seabuckthorn carpenterworm, Holcocerus hippophaecolus Hua, Chou, Fang et Chen. Four sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) subspecies (varieties) with different degrees of resistance to H. hippophaecolus were chosen for artificial insect infection in cages. The results showed that olfactory and visual cues are very important for the selection of host plants by H. hippophaecolus, but that olfactory stimuli play a more vital role in this process. The relative abundance of branches and leaves had no effect on the likelihood that adults landed on plants from four subspecies (varieties), but did influence landing rates within the same subspecies (varieties). When considering only the most resistant sea buckthorn subspecies (varieties), the presence of luxuriant branches and leaves led to lower landing rates. These results provide a theoretical basis for the understanding of H. hippophaecolus damage to sea buckthorn and the means to implement effective measures of control. 相似文献
98.
99.
Dongmei H Jing L Mei X Ling Z Hongmin Y Zhidong W Li D Zikuan G Hengxiang W 《Cytotherapy》2011,13(8):913-917
Background aimsThe aims of this study were to observe the safety and effectiveness of umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells (UC-MSC) in the treatment of spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) and multiple system atrophy-cerebellar type (MSA-C).MethodsFrom October 2009 to September 2010, 14 cases of SCA and 10 cases of MSA-C were given UC-MSC by weekly intrathecal injection, at a dose of 1 × 106/kg four times as one course. All the patients received one course of treatment, except three patients who received two courses. The movement ability and quality of daily life were evaluated with the International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale (ICARS) and Activity of Daily Living Scale (ADL) and the scores compared with those before cell therapy. A follow-up of 6–15 months was carried out for all of the patients.ResultsThe results showed that the ICARS and ADL scores were significantly decreased 1 month after treatment (P < 0.01). The symptoms, including unstable walking and standing, slow movement, fine motor disorders of the upper limbs, writing difficulties and dysarthria, were greatly improved except for one patient, who had no response. The observed side-effects included dizziness (four patients), back pain (two cases) and headache (one case), which disappeared within 1–3 days. During the follow-up, 10 cases remained stable for half a year or longer, while 14 cases had regressed to the status prior to the treatment within 1–14 months (an average of 3 months).ConclusionsIntrathecal injection of UC-MSC is safe and can delay the progression of neurologic deficits for SCA and MSA-C patients. 相似文献
100.
Zhou YH Tang LG Guo SL Jin ZC Wu MJ Zang JJ Xu JF Wu CF Qin YY Cai Q Gao QB Zhang SS Yu DH He J 《PloS one》2011,6(4):e18788