Correction to: Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

Virologica Sinica - The corrected legend is given below.     

Intrinsic Effects of Gold Nanoparticles on Oxygen–Glucose Deprivation/Reperfusion Injury in Rat Cortical Neurons

This study aimed to investigate the potential effects of gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs) on rat cortical neurons exposed to oxygen–glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) and to elucidate the corresponding mechanisms. Primary rat cortical neurons were exposed to OGD/R, which is commonly used in vitro to mimic ischemic injury, and then treated with 5- or 20-nm Au-NPs. We then evaluated cell viability, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial respiration in these neurons. We found that 20-nm Au-NPs increased cell viability, alleviated neuronal apoptosis and oxidative stress, and improved mitochondrial respiration after OGD/R injury, while opposite effects were observed for 5-nm Au-NPs. In terms of the underlying mechanisms, we found that Au-NPs could regulate Akt signaling. Taken together, these results show that 20-nm Au-NPs can protect primary cortical neurons against OGD/R injury, possibly by decreasing apoptosis and oxidative stress, while activating Akt signaling and mitochondrial pathways. Our results suggest that Au-NPs may be potential therapeutic agents for ischemic stroke.

     

慢性乙型肝炎患者肠道菌群与肝脏生化指标的相关性

乙型肝炎病毒感染引起的慢性乙型肝炎(Chronic hepatitis B,CHB)是一种全球性流行疾病,严重时可引起肝功能衰竭,甚至发展成肝硬化和肝癌.也已发现CHB的发生和发展与肠道菌群的组成和结构的变化密切相关.为进一步探究肠道菌群结构与肝脏生化指标之间的联系,文中随机纳入14名CHB患者和11名健康对照者(Co...     

Complete mitochondrial genome of the Teinopalpus aureus guangxiensis (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) and related phylogenetic analyses

In this study, we sequenced the complete mitochondrial genome of Teinopalpus aureus guangxiensis (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae), which is considered as an endemic species in China. It is listed as a vulnerable species by International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources Red List and also a first class endangered species in China. The complete mtDNA from T. aureus guangxiensis was 15,235 base pairs in length and contained 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 2 rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes, and a control region. The T. aureus guangxiensis genes were in the same order and orientation as the completely sequenced mitogenomes of other lepidopteran species. All PCGs of T. aureus guangxiensis mitogenome start with a typical ATN codon and terminate in the common stop codon TAA, except that ND1 gene uses TTA, ND3 gene uses ATT, and ND4 and ND4L gene use TAA. The phylogenetic relationships were reconstructed with the concatenated sequences of the 13 PCGs of the mitochondrial genome, and phylogenetic results confirmed that Nymphalidae, Lycaenidae, Papilionidae, Pieridae are monophyletic clades.     

The NH2-terminal and COOH-terminal fragments of dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1) localize differently in the compartments of dentin and growth plate of bone

Multiple studies have shown that dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1) is essential for bone and dentin mineralization. After post-translational proteolytic cleavage, DMP1 exists within the extracellular matrix of bone and dentin as an NH2-terminal fragment, a COOH-terminal fragment, and the proteoglycan form of the NH2-terminal fragment (DMP1-PG). To begin to assess the biological function of each fragment, we evaluated the distribution of both fragments in the rat tooth and bone using antibodies specific to the NH2-terminal and COOH-terminal regions of DMP1 and confocal microscopy. In rat first molar organs, the NH2-terminal fragment localized to predentin, whereas the COOH-terminal fragment was mainly restricted to mineralized dentin. In the growth plate of bone, the NH2-terminal fragment appeared in the proliferation and hypertrophic zones, whereas the COOH-terminal fragment occupied the ossification zone. Forster resonance energy transfer analysis showed colocalization of both fragments of DMP1 in odontoblasts and predentin, as well as hypertrophic chondrocytes within the growth plates of bone. The biochemical analysis of bovine teeth showed that predentin is rich in DMP1-PG, whereas mineralized dentin primarily contains the COOH-terminal fragment. We conclude that the differential patterns of expression of NH2-terminal and COOH-terminal fragments of DMP1 reflect their potentially distinct roles in the biomineralization of dentin and bone matrices.     

High-light-induced superoxide anion radical formation in cytochrome <Emphasis Type="Italic">b</Emphasis><Subscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">6</Emphasis></Subscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">f</Emphasis> complex from spinach as detected by EPR spectroscopy

The generation of superoxide anion radical (O₂ ^·−) in the cytochrome b ₆ f complex (Cyt b ₆ f) of spinach under high-light illumination was studied using electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. The generation of O₂ ^·− was lost in the absence of molecular oxygen. It was also suppressed in the presence of NaN₃ and could be scavenged by extraneous antioxidants such as ascorbate, β-carotene, and glutathione. The results also indicate that O₂ ^·−, which is produced under high-light illumination of the Cyt b ₆ f from spinach, might be generated from a reaction involing ¹O₂, and the Rieske Fe-S protein could serve as the electron donor in the O₂ ^·− production. The mechanism of photoprotection of the Cyt b ₆ f complex by antioxidants is discussed.     

Source-to-sink relationship between green leaves and green pseudobulbs of C<Subscript>3</Subscript> orchid in regulation of photosynthesis

In this paper, photosynthetic characteristics of green leaves (GL) and green pseudobulbs (GPSB) of C₃ orchid Oncidium Golden Wish were first studied. Light saturation for photosynthesis and maximum photosynthetic rates (P _max) were significantly higher in GL than in GPSB. The results of the optimal PSII quantum yield (F_v/F_m ratio), electron transport rate (ETR), the effective photochemical quantum yield (ΔF/F_m′) and nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) of Chl fluorescence revealed that GPSB had lower light utilization than that of GL. Significantly higher photosynthetic pigments were found in GL than in GPSB. Alteration of source/sink ratio had no impact on all photosynthetic parameters for both GL and GPSB after a short term of 3 days or even a long term of 2 weeks of treatments although there were significant decreases in GL carbohydrate concentration of GL-darkened plants by the end of the day. However, decreases of all photosynthetic parameters of GL were observed in GL-darkened plants after 4 weeks of treatment compared to those of fully illuminated (FI) and GPSB-darkened plants. These results indicate that the level of carbohydrates in GL plays an important role in regulating their photosynthesis. Due to their lower photosynthetic capacities, GPSB function mainly as sinks. Darkening GPSB up to 2 weeks did not affect their own P _max and the P _max of GL and thus, did not result in significant decreases of total carbohydrate concentration of GPSB. As GPSB store a large amount of carbohydrates, it could also act as a source when the level of carbohydrates decreased. Thus, GL could depend on GPSB carbohydrates to regulate their photosynthesis when their source capacity was removed. However, 4 weeks after treatments, photosynthetic capacities of GL were significantly lower in GL- and GPSB-darkened plants than in FI plants, which could be due to the lower total soluble and insoluble sugar concentrations of both GL and GPSB in these plants.     

PIDD4, a novel PIDD isoform without the LRR domain, can independently induce cell apoptosis in cytoplasm

PIDD1 (P53-induced death domain) is a pro-apoptotic gene which can be induced by p53. So far, three alternative splicing products of human PIDD gene have been identified. Here we report a new splicing variant of this gene and named it PIDD4. The coding sequence of PIDD4 contains intron 3 and a 60 bp insert at the 5′ of exon 3. Each insertion has an in-frame stop codon, which makes PIDD4 get translated from exon 5 then. Therefore, PIDD4 protein lacks the 32 KD N-terminal peptide, missing the LRR domain found in the other three isoforms. In this study, we have shown that the expression of PIDD4 is also regulated by p53, and as PIDD2, it is not expressed in heart either. Moreover, PIDD4 is the only isoform which is expressed in skeletal muscle. This isoform mainly localizes in the cytoplasm, and produces a relatively higher proportion of PIDD-CC fragment. Overexpression of PIDD4 independently promotes apoptosis.     

猪2、7和8号染色体上影响血常规指标的数量性状基因座(QTL)检测

以3个品种（长白猪、大白猪、松辽黑猪）16个公猪家系共计368头仔猪组成资源群体,在猪2、7和8号染色体上共选取35个微卫星标记,采用基于线性混合模型的方差组分分析方法,对影响与猪白细胞、红细胞和血小板相关的共计18项血常规指标的数量性状基因座（quantitative trait loci,QTL）进行了检测．通过似然比检验,并以自由度为2的卡方分布作为检验统计量的分布,共发现22个在P〈5％水平下显著的QTL,其中在2号染色体上有9个,分别影响白细胞总数、中性粒细胞数、平均红细胞体积、血红蛋白含量、平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度、血小板总数、平均血小板体积、血小板分布宽度和血小板压积,在7号染色体有7个,分别影响白细胞总数、中性粒细胞数、平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度、血红蛋白含量、血小板总数、平均红细胞体积和红细胞分布宽度变异,在8号染色体上有6个,分别影响中性粒细胞百分比、淋巴细胞百分比、平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度、血小板总数、血小板压积和平均红细胞体积．为尽可能地避免由于多重检验所造成的假阳性率的升高,我们采用了控制假检出率（false discovery rate,FDR）的方法来对这22个QTL进行进一步检验,发现有14个达到FDR〈5％显著水平,其中又有9个达到FDR〈1％显著水平．     

中风易感性与候选基因SNP位点关联研究

脑中风是严重危害我国中老年人身体健康的主要疾病之一,对中风相关基因单核苷酸多态性位点在人群中分布情况的研究将有助于深入认识中风发病机制及提高防治能力。该研究用寡核苷酸芯片方法检测了8个多态性位点与中风易感性之间的关联。结果发现:寡核苷酸芯片技术作为一种很好的基因分型方法,具有高通量、平行性、微量化、自动化和快速灵敏等的特点,适用于大规模基因分型平台的建立;实验初步发现与中风易感性相关的有血管紧张素原(AGT)基因M235T(OR=3.437,CI=1.211,9.709),载脂蛋白E(APOE)基因cys158arg (OR=9.434,1.686-83.3),亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶(MTHFR)基因C677T(OR=2.591,1.002-6.711),血管紧张素ⅡⅠ型受体(AT1R)基因A1166C(OR=0.213,0.057-0.799)。