核果类果树DNA分子标记研究进展

介绍了DNA分子标记的种类及其在核果类果树亲缘关系上的鉴定、基因标记、定位与克隆、分子标记遗传图谱的构建以及分子标记辅助育种等上的应用进展,探讨了分子标记在核果类果树上的应用前景及尚需解决的问题。     

金属框架结构材料MOF-199对漆酶的固定化及其性质

以金属框架结构材料MOF-199为载体对漆酶进行固定化,并对固定化酶的性质进行初步研究。首先,以3-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷对载体MOF-199进行表面氨基化修饰,再用戊二醛对载体进行活化,最后对漆酶进行固定化。固定化条件优化结果表明:在漆酶质量浓度0.3 g/L,戊二醛用量1%(体积分数),pH 4.8下固定7 h,制得固定化酶活性最高。对固定化酶的研究发现:最适反应温度为40℃,最适pH为5.2,在连续操作7次后,固定化酶的活力仍能保持在51%。固定化漆酶热稳定性,pH耐受性,贮存稳定性均明显高于游离漆酶。     

黄河三角洲湿地不同景观类型影响下植被与土壤因子的空间分布特征

以黄河三角洲湿地为研究区,结合遥感影像和实地调查数据,构建湿地景观类型和主要影响因子的空间分布格局,解析不同景观类型下的植被及土壤因子的空间分布特征以及耦合关系.结果表明:农田、湿地植被区是研究区内面积最大的景观类型,分别占有46.87％、20.6％,而植被覆盖贡献率59.07％、37.62％,生物量贡献率59.08％...     

宁镇山区不同森林土壤生物学特性的研究

对宁镇山区不同森林土壤微生物、土壤酶活性,营养元素的变化及凋落物的分解等生物学特性进行了探讨,结果表明,土壤微生物数量和6种土壤酶的生化活性在不同的季节的不同的林型土壤中均呈现出一定的变化规律,土壤中营养元素的含量随森林的生长周期而发生规律性的变化,并与土壤中微生物数量和土壤酶活性有显著的相关性,不同林地凋落物分解速率与其营养元素归还速率存在一定的时空差异,对次生栎林、毛竹林和杉木林土壤各生物学特性的比较表明,栎林土壤营养元素的含量最丰富,并具有较强的自肥调控能力,因此种植针阔混交林有利于防止针叶纯林的地力衰退现象。     

Emerging Significance and Therapeutic Potential of Extracellular vesicles

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), are membrane-bound vesicles that have many advantages over traditional nanocarriers for drug and gene delivery. Evidence from recent studies indicate that EVs have therapeutic capability with chemical or biological modification. Tumor-derived exosomes (TEXs) were used as a new type of antigens or tumor vaccines in anti-tumor immunotherapy. With superior characteristics, modified EVs were applied to loaded and delivered synthetic drugs, silencing RNA, and microRNA for treatment. Different surface functionalization strategies have been proposed to improve the therapeutic functions of EVs. Appropriately modified EVs for disease intervention provide new avenues for effective clinical treatment strategies. Therefore, this review aimed at elucidating the therapeutic functions of EVs to generate new ideas for treatment and to unlock their hidden potential in translational medicine.     

抗生链霉菌(Streptomyces antibioticus)产吩噁嗪酮合成酶基因的重组表达

从抗生链霉菌(Streptomyces antibioticus)中提取出目的基因phs,构建基于质粒pET28a的诱导型表达载体pET28a-phs.以E.coli为表达宿主,将重组质柱转化入宿主菌之后获得能够高效表达吩噁嗪酮合成酶(PHS)的重组菌,经SDS-PAGE验证在72.1 kD处有明显蛋白条带.通过调整可能影响表达的参数获得PHS在大肠杆菌中的最优表达条件.最终优化后的表达条件是最适Cu2+浓度为1.5 mmol/L,最适细菌培养温度为37℃,最适pH值为7.0,在OD 600为0.6,时加入终浓度为1.0 mmol/L的IPTG为最佳诱导条件,30℃诱导16 h为最佳诱导时间.     

Association of Soil Aggregation with the Distribution and Quality of Organic Carbon in Soil along an Elevation Gradient on Wuyi Mountain in China

Forest soils play a critical role in the sequestration of atmospheric CO₂ and subsequent attenuation of global warming. The nature and properties of organic matter in soils have an influence on the sequestration of carbon. In this study, soils were collected from representative forestlands, including a subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest (EBF), a coniferous forest (CF), a subalpine dwarf forest (DF), and alpine meadow (AM) along an elevation gradient on Wuyi Mountain, which is located in a subtropical area of southeastern China. These soil samples were analyzed in the laboratory to examine the distribution and speciation of organic carbon (OC) within different size fractions of water-stable soil aggregates, and subsequently to determine effects on carbon sequestration. Soil aggregation rate increased with increasing elevation. Soil aggregation rate, rather than soil temperature, moisture or clay content, showed the strongest correlation with OC in bulk soil, indicating soil structure was the critical factor in carbon sequestration of Wuyi Mountain. The content of coarse particulate organic matter fraction, rather than the silt and clay particles, represented OC stock in bulk soil and different soil aggregate fractions. With increasing soil aggregation rate, more carbon was accumulated within the macroaggregates, particularly within the coarse particulate organic matter fraction (250–2000 μm), rather than within the microaggregates (53–250μm) or silt and clay particles (< 53μm). In consideration of the high instability of macroaggregates and the liability of SOC within them, further research is needed to verify whether highly-aggregated soils at higher altitudes are more likely to lose SOC under warmer conditions.     

调控小鼠软骨细胞增生的分子机制

软骨细胞的增生受到多种信号的调控,阐述了调控软骨细胞增生的几个信号途径,包括TGF-β1、IHH/PTHrP、FGFs等几个信号途径。     

PXDN reduces autophagic flux in insulin-resistant cardiomyocytes via modulating FoxO1

Autophagy, a well-observed intracellular lysosomal degradation process, is particularly important to the cell viability in diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). Peroxidasin (PXDN) is a heme-containing peroxidase that augments oxidative stress and plays an essential role in cardiovascular diseases, while whether PXDN contributes to the pathogenesis of DCM remains unknown. Here we reported the suppression of cell viability and autophagic flux, as shown by autophagosomes accumulation and increased expression level of LC3-II and p62 in cultured H9C2 and human AC16 cells that treated with 400 μM palmitate acid (PA) for 24 h. Simultaneously, PXDN protein level increased. Moreover, cell death, autophagosomes accumulation as well as increased p62 expression were suppressed by PXDN silence. In addition, knockdown of PXDN reversed PA-induced downregulated forkhead box-1 (FoxO1) and reduced FoxO1 phosphorylation, whereas did not affect AKT phosphorylation. Not consistent with the effects of si-PXDN, double-silence of PXDN and FoxO1 significantly increased cell death, suppressed autophagic flux and declined the level of FoxO1 and PXDN, while the expression of LC3-II was unchanged under PA stimulation. Furthermore, inhibition of FoxO1 in PA-untreated cells induced cell death, inhibited autophagic flux, and inhibited FoxO1 and PXDN expression. Thus, we come to conclusion that PXDN plays a key role in PA-induced cell death by impairing autophagic flux through inhibiting FoxO1, and FoxO1 may also affect the expression of PXDN. These findings may develop better understanding of potential mechanisms regarding autophagy in insulin-resistant cardiomyocytes.Subject terms: Macroautophagy, RNAi