The involvement of hydroxyl radical and cyclooxygenase metabolites in the activation of lung vagal sensory receptors by circulatory endotoxin in rats.

Circulatory endotoxin can stimulate vagal pulmonary C fibers and rapidly adapting receptors (RARs) in rats, but the underlying mechanisms are not clear. We investigated the involvement of hydroxyl radicals and cyclooxygenase metabolites in the stimulation of C fibers and RARs by circulatory endotoxin (50 mg/kg) in 112 anesthetized, paralyzed, and artificially ventilated rats. In rats pretreated with the vehicle, endotoxin stimulated C fibers and RARs and caused a slight increase in total lung resistance (Rl) and a decrease in dynamic lung compliance. In rats pretreated with dimethylthiourea (a hydroxyl radical scavenger) alone, indomethacin (a cyclooxygenase inhibitor) alone, or a combination of the two, C-fiber and RAR responses [C fiber: change (Delta) = -62, -79, and -85%; RAR: Delta = -80, -84, and -84%, respectively] were reduced, and the Rl response was prevented. The suppressive effects of a combination of dimethylthiourea and indomethacin on the C-fiber and RAR responses were not superior to indomethacin alone. In rats pretreated with isoproterenol (a bronchodilator), the C-fiber response was not significantly affected (Delta = -26%), the RAR response was reduced (Delta = -88%), and the Rl response was prevented. None of these pretreatments affected the dynamic lung compliance response. These results suggest that 1) both hydroxyl radicals and cyclooxygenase metabolites are involved in the endotoxin-induced stimulation of C fibers and RARs, and 2) the involvement of these two metabolites in the C-fiber stimulation may be due to their chemical effects, whereas that in the RAR stimulation may be due to their bronchoconstrictive effects.     

乙醇提取土茯苓黄酮甙的动力学研究

研究了用乙醇提取土茯苓中黄酮甙动力学 ,考察了提取过程的温度 ,搅拌强度 ,土茯苓块粉碎粒度 ,乙醇浓度对提取速率的影响。结果表明 ,随着提取反应温度的升高、土茯苓粉碎粒度的减小 ,提取速率而迅速增大 ;提取剂及提取产物通过土茯苓颗粒多孔介质是动力学控制步骤 ,提取过程符合“缩核模型” ,属内扩散控制 ,表观活化能为 10 . 0 6kJ/mol,宏观动力学方程为 :K =1. 36 2× 10 . 5·r 20 ·e 10 . 0 6RT +1 .933× 10 5     

环氧化酶-2在口腔鳞癌中的表达及其意义

目的探讨环氧化酶-2(COX-2)的表达与口腔鳞癌生物学行为的关系及其意义.方法采用免疫组织化学S-P法检测10例正常口腔黏膜、12例炎症组织和62例口腔鳞癌中COX-2的表达,并结合临床病理资料进行分析.结果口腔鳞癌中COX-2的表达明显高于正常口腔黏膜和炎症组织(P<0.001).COX-2的表达与口腔鳞癌的部位、大小、临床分期及淋巴结转移无明显相关,但与病理分级相关性显著,随分化程度的降低而增强(P=0.002).结论 COX-2很可能在口腔鳞癌的发生、发展中扮演重要角色,抑制COX-2的活性有望成为口腔鳞癌防治的新途径.     

B型烟粉虱与浙江非B型烟粉虱的竞争

为了了解近年来入侵中国的B型烟粉虱(Bemisiatabaci)取代本地非B型烟粉虱的潜能,在室内将一个B型与一个浙江非B型烟粉虱种群混合饲养在不同寄主植物上,跟踪观察混合种群中两个生物型个体数量相对比例的变化。结果表明,当两种生物型在棉花(Gossypiumhirsutum)上以相同初始数量共存竞争时,经过6代,非B型完全被B型替代;而在西葫芦(Cucurbitapepo)上以相同初始数量共存竞争时,只经过2代,非B型即完全被B型替代。在棉花上,即使以非B型占87%、B型占13%开始共存竞争,经过225d后,非B型也完全被B型替代。这说明B型烟粉虱具有在短期内竞争取代浙江非B型烟粉虱的能力。经分析,B型除了寄主范围比非B型的宽这一点对其竞争有利外,较强的内在竞争潜能也是其能成功入侵并替代本地非B型烟粉虱的一个重要原因。     

Identification of a novel strain of influenza A (H9N2) virus in chicken

<正>Dear Editor,Avian Influenza virus(AIV)H9N2 subtype viruses circulate widely in domestic fowl,and usually cause mild clinical signs in poultry(Li et al.,2005).Occasionally,avian H9N2 can infect humans and cause mild clinical symptoms(Peiris et al.,1999;Lin et al.,2000).Genetic analysis indicates that the H9N2 genotype viruses exist in major poultry species(such as duck and chicken)and in minor poultry species(such as quail,partridge,chukar,pheasant,and guinea fowl)(Guan et al.,2000;Li et al.,2005).Meanwhile,frequent reassortment events among     

Effects of fertilization on leaf photosynthetic characteristics and grain yield in tartary buckwheat Yunqiao1

Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn) has been praised as one of green foods for humans in the 21_st century. Effects of fertilization on leaf photosynthetic characteristics and grain yield of tartary buckwheat has not been yet reported in detail. Our experiment was set as a split-plot factorial. The main plots and subplots were designed by fertilizer ratio and rate as: NPK 1:1:1 (A1), NPK 1:4:2 (A2), NPK 1:2:3 (A3), and 300 (B1), 450 (B2), and 600 (B3) kg (NPK) ha^–1. Our results showed that the grain yield was significantly and positively correlated with the net photosynthetic rate (P _N), stomatal conductance (g _s), transpiration rate (E), PAR, stomatal limitation value (L_s), chlorophyll content (SPAD value), and leaf area index (LAI), while significantly and negatively correlated with intercellular CO₂ concentration (C _i) and water-use efficiency (WUE). The grain yield, P _N, g _s, E, PAR, L_s, SPAD, and LAI increased and then decreased with enhanced fertilization, and their maximum values appeared in the A2B2 treatment. The C _i and WUE decreased and then increased with enhanced fertilization, and their minimum values appeared in the A2B2 treatment. Our results suggested that fertilization had significant effects on the leaf photosynthetic capacity and grain yield of tartary buckwheat Yunqiao 1, and the best fertilization strategy was 450 kg ha^–1 with NPK 1:4:2.     

地衣芽胞杆菌FJAT-4脂肽结构鉴定及其对尖孢镰刀菌的抑制作用

【目的】地衣芽胞杆菌FJAT-4产生的脂肽能够有效抑制尖孢镰刀菌的生长,本研究的目的在于探究地衣芽胞杆菌FJAT-4脂肽结构,分析培养基组分和培养温度对FJAT-4产抑菌脂肽的影响,阐述脂肽对尖孢镰刀菌的抑制作用,为菌株抑菌机理的阐释及其在枯萎病防治中的推广应用奠定基础。【方法】通过酸沉醇提法提取地衣芽胞杆菌FJAT-4产生的脂肽;利用液相色谱串联四极杆飞行时间质谱进行地衣芽胞杆菌FJAT-4脂肽组成分析及结构鉴定;以抑菌圈大小为指标评估地衣芽胞杆菌FJAT-4脂肽对尖孢镰刀菌的抑制效果;通过扫描电镜观察地衣芽胞杆菌FJAT-4粗脂肽对尖孢镰刀菌的抑制作用。【结果】地衣芽胞杆菌FJAT-4产生的抑菌脂肽由C_(17)fengycin A、C_(17)fengycin B、C_(17)fengycin B_2、C_(16)fengycin A衍生物、C_(16)fengycin B衍生物、C_(13)–C_(15)surfactin及C_(13)–C_(15)surfactin衍生物组成,其中C_(13)–C_(15) surfactin衍生物(m/z[M+Na]~+=1048.6/1062.6/1076.6)为新化合物。培养基成分不同对菌株FJAT-4脂肽组成影响较小,但温度对菌株FJAT-4产生抑菌脂肽的影响很大,该菌株在较低温度(20–25°C)下培养不产生脂肽,30–40°C下培养能产生抑菌脂肽,且高温有利于提高脂肽中surfactin的比例。该脂肽类物质对辣椒、番茄、香蕉和甜瓜尖孢镰刀菌等多种植物病原真菌均具有很好的抑制效果,且呈剂量依赖性。扫描电镜结果表明地衣芽胞杆菌FJAT-4所产的脂肽会严重影响辣椒、番茄、香蕉和甜瓜尖孢镰刀菌菌丝的正常生长,导致菌丝断裂变形、孢子变形或显著抑制了孢子的生长。【结论】地衣芽胞杆菌FJAT-4产生的抑菌脂肽为fengycin和surfactin类物质,该抑菌脂肽会致使尖孢镰刀菌菌丝体发育畸形,影响尖孢镰刀菌的正常生长。