全文获取类型
收费全文 | 10473篇 |
免费 | 831篇 |
国内免费 | 700篇 |
专业分类
12004篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 24篇 |
2023年 | 152篇 |
2022年 | 357篇 |
2021年 | 574篇 |
2020年 | 376篇 |
2019年 | 443篇 |
2018年 | 480篇 |
2017年 | 370篇 |
2016年 | 442篇 |
2015年 | 639篇 |
2014年 | 705篇 |
2013年 | 803篇 |
2012年 | 986篇 |
2011年 | 864篇 |
2010年 | 488篇 |
2009年 | 420篇 |
2008年 | 572篇 |
2007年 | 476篇 |
2006年 | 417篇 |
2005年 | 351篇 |
2004年 | 269篇 |
2003年 | 250篇 |
2002年 | 184篇 |
2001年 | 172篇 |
2000年 | 146篇 |
1999年 | 152篇 |
1998年 | 91篇 |
1997年 | 94篇 |
1996年 | 93篇 |
1995年 | 78篇 |
1994年 | 85篇 |
1993年 | 64篇 |
1992年 | 58篇 |
1991年 | 74篇 |
1990年 | 58篇 |
1989年 | 42篇 |
1988年 | 32篇 |
1987年 | 17篇 |
1986年 | 22篇 |
1985年 | 18篇 |
1984年 | 17篇 |
1983年 | 20篇 |
1982年 | 9篇 |
1980年 | 3篇 |
1978年 | 2篇 |
1975年 | 2篇 |
1973年 | 2篇 |
1971年 | 3篇 |
1968年 | 2篇 |
1966年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
61.
Rump LV Strain EA Cao G Allard MW Fischer M Brown EW Gonzalez-Escalona N 《Journal of bacteriology》2011,193(8):2058-2059
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) of serotype O157:H7 has been implicated in food-borne illnesses worldwide. An evolutionary model was proposed in which the highly pathogenic EHEC O157:H7 serotype arose from its ancestor, enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) O55:H7 (sorbitol fermenting [SOR(+)] and β-glucuronidase positive [GUD(+)]), through sequential gain of virulence, phenotypic traits, and serotype change. Here we report six draft genomes of strains belonging to this evolutionary model: two EPEC O55:H7 (SOR(+) GUD(+)) strains, two nonmotile EHEC O157:H(-) strains (SOR(+) GUD(+)) containing plasmid pSFO157, one EHEC O157:H7 (SOR(-) GUD(+)) strain, and one O157:H7 strain containing plasmid pSFO157 (SOR(+) GUD(+)). 相似文献
62.
The aim of the present study is to investigate the expression of a novel estrogen receptor, G protein-coupled receptor 30 (GPR30) and its correlation with matrix metalloproteinases-9 (MMP-9) in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Ovary tissues were obtained from 39 female patients, including 30 cases of EOC and 9 cases of benign ovarian tumor. Four normal ovary tissues were used as control. Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expressions of GPR30 and MMP-9. Chi square test, Fisher's exact test and Spearman's rank correlation analysis were used for statistical analysis. The results showed that GPR30 overexpression rate in EOC cases was significantly higher than those in benign ovarian tumor and normal ovary cases. Whereas MMP-9 overexpression rate in EOC cases was significantly higher than that in normal ovary cases, without any difference to that in benign ovarian tumor cases. To demonstrate the relationship between GPR30 and clinicopathological variables of EOC, we further analyzed the pathology type, FIGO stage and age of patients sampled in our study. The analysis showed there were significant differences of GPR30 overexpression rate among various pathology types and different FIGO stages (P<0.05), and no significant difference of both GPR30 and MMP-9 among three age groups (P>0.05). Moreover, GPR30 expression was positively correlated with MMP-9 (r(s)=1.000, P=0.002). These results suggest that GPR30 may be involved in the invasion and metastasis of EOC, being a potential index of EOC early diagnosis and malignancy grade prediction. 相似文献
63.
丙型肝炎病毒RNA打点杂交检测方法同RT-PCR方法的比较 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用HCV基因组结构区C区cDNA探针和非结构区NS3-4区cDNA探针,建立了用打点杂交(dotblothybridization)检测血清中HCVRNA的方法,同采用HCV基因组5’端非编码区的一对寡核苷酸引物通过逆转录-聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)检测血清中HCVRNA的方法相比较,发现两种方法都能快速早期和特异地检出血清中HCVRNA,但RT-PCR法敏感性优于RNA打点杂交法。对于无血清学指标的慢性NANB肝炎病人的诊断,可采用这两种方法。这两种方法的敏感性在很大程度上依赖于引物和探针的敏感性,以及RNA提取方法。RT-PCR法适用于诊断病毒血症和复制,打点杂交法适用于研究HCVRNA量的变化,对治疗的评价,以及为实验筛选较高滴度的HCVRNA阳性样本。 相似文献
64.
红松阔叶林倒木贮量动态的研究 总被引:21,自引:1,他引:21
在森林倒木研究的基础上探讨长白山红松阔叶林倒木贮量的动态,涉及红松阔叶林倒木分解及其贮量的动态规律。研究表明,倒木分解,除心腐木外,均由表及里进行;倒木分解速率在其它生态条件相同时因树种、直径和部位而异。红松阔叶林倒木贮量动态包括现有倒木贮量和倒木年输入量两个分解动态过程,现有倒木贮量在头100年其干重迅速减少,其中椴树比红松尤速,前者分解91%,后者为72%.林地倒木贮量动态与倒木年输入量分解动态相似,但前者在分解初期贮量增加较大,因为部分现有倒木未完全分解;100年后趋于一致,并恒定于16~17t·hm-2,直至群落的顶极阶段结束. 相似文献
65.
Rachael G Dean Leanne C Balding Riccardo Candido Wendy C Burns Zemin Cao Stephen M Twigg Louise M Burrell 《The journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry》2005,53(10):1245-1256
The temporal and spatial expression of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta(1) and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) was assessed in the left ventricle of a myocardial infarction (MI) model of injury with and without angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition. Coronary artery ligated rats were killed 1, 3, 7, 28, and 180 days after MI. TGF-beta(1), CTGF, and procollagen alpha1(I) mRNA were localized by in situ hybridization, and TGF-beta(1) and CTGF protein levels by immunohistochemistry. Collagen protein was measured using picrosirius red staining. In a separate group, rats were treated for 6 months with an ACE inhibitor. There were temporal and regional differences in the expression of TGF-beta(1), CTGF, and collagen after MI. Procollagen alpha1(I) mRNA expression increased in the border zone and scar peaking 1 week after MI, whereas collagen protein increased in all areas of the heart over the 180 days. Expression of TGF-beta(1) mRNA and protein showed major increases in the border zone and scar peaking 1 week after MI. The major increases in CTGF mRNA and protein occurred in the viable myocardium at 180 days after MI. Long-term ACE inhibition reduced left ventricular mass and decreased fibrosis in the viable myocardium, but had no effect on cardiac TGF-beta(1) or CTGF. TGF-beta(1) is involved in the initial, acute phase of inflammation and repair after MI, whereas CTGF is involved in the ongoing fibrosis of the heart. The antifibrotic benefits of captopril are not mediated through a reduction in CTGF. 相似文献
66.
67.
Endonuclease V is a deoxyinosine 3'-endonuclease which initiates removal of inosine from damaged DNA. A thermostable endonuclease V from the hyperthermophilic bacterium Thermotoga maritima has been cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The DNA recognition and reaction mechanisms were probed with both double-stranded and single-stranded oligonucleotide substrates which contained inosine, abasic site (AP site), uracil, or mismatches. Gel mobility shift and kinetic analyses indicate that the enzyme remains bound to the cleaved inosine product. This slow product release may be required in vivo to ensure an orderly process of repairing deaminated DNA. When the enzyme is in excess, the primary nicked products experience a second nicking event on the complementary strand, leading to a double-stranded break. Cleavage at AP sites suggests that the enzyme may use a combination of base contacts and local distortion for recognition. The weak binding to uracil sites may preclude the enzyme from playing a significant role in repair of such sites, which may be occupied by uracil-specific DNA glycosylases. Analysis of cleavage patterns of all 12 natural mismatched base pairs suggests that purine bases are preferrentially cleaved, showing a general hierarchy of A = G > T > C. A model accounting for the recognition and strand nicking mechanism of endonuclease V is presented. 相似文献
68.
本文研究了长白落叶松(LarixolgensisHenry)大小孢子叶球的分化及其分布规律.获得如下结果:(1)6月下旬芽鳞形成期终止,7月初进入小孢子叶分化期,7月未至8月上旬小孢子叶分化期结束.8月上旬进入小孢子囊分化期,8月下旬出现造孢细胞,9月中旬形成小孢子母细胞.10月底小孢子母细胞保持在细线期阶段,小孢子叶球进入冬季休眠期.(2)9月初苞片原基开始形成,9月中旬珠鳞原基形成;10月上旬出现胚珠原始体,10月下旬大孢子母细胞形成,10月底大孢子叶球芽进入冬季休眠.(3)小孢子叶球芽主要分布在树冠的中、下部.数量上远远大于大孢子叶球芽的数量,约为大孢子叶球芽的19倍。大孢子叶球芽主要集中分布在树冠中部,而且树冠下部多于树冠上部。 相似文献
69.
70.
极端耐盐放线菌白色普氏菌YIM 90005T四氢嘧啶及5-羟基四氢嘧啶合成相关基因的克隆 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
摘要:【目的】 为了研究耐盐放线菌对高盐环境的适应机理。【方法】 用HPLC定量检测了极端耐盐、丝状产孢放线菌——白色普氏菌(Prauserella alba) YIM 90005T在不同盐浓度下胞内相容性溶质的种类和含量。【结果】 结果发现,四氢嘧啶和5-羟基四氢嘧啶是其主要的相容性溶质。在培养基NaCl浓度为10%时,四氢嘧啶在胞内累积浓度最大,为18.77 μg/mg干菌体重。之后随NaCl浓度的升高,胞内的四氢嘧啶含量逐渐减少,而5-羟基四氢嘧啶的含量逐渐增加,在该菌耐受的最高NaCl浓度下(24% w/v),胞内5-羟基四氢嘧啶含量达到最大值,为22.98 μg/mg干菌体重。设计兼并引物,利用染色体步移,克隆得到四氢嘧啶及5-羟基四氢嘧啶合成相关基因ectABCD。序列分析表明,ectABCD位于一个操纵子中。进一步对不同NaCl浓度培养条件下ectB,D的表达量进行定量分析,结果表明该基因簇表达量随着培养基中NaCl浓度的增加而增大。【结论】 研究结果证实5-羟基四氢嘧啶是P. alba YIM 90005T在极高盐浓度条件下起渗透调节及保护的相容性溶质。 相似文献