头端延髓腹外侧区注射5—羟色胺对应激性高血粘度...

Experiments were carried out on 62 wistar rats. The hyperviscosity and elevation of blood pressure were induced by hanging and restraining the rats with their four limbs tied on a frame. It was found that microinjection of 5-HT (25 micrograms/10 microliters) into the 4th ventricle of the brain or bilateral microinjection of 5-HT (4 micrograms/0.5 microliters/site) into rostral ventrolateral medulla (rVLM) reduced stress-induced hyperviscosity (p < 0.01) and elevation of blood pressure (p < 0.01). The effect of 5-HT injected into the 4th ventricle or rVLM was blocked by bilateral microinjection of cinanserine (4 micrograms/0.5 microliter/site) into rVLM. These results suggest that microinjection of 5-HT into 4th ventricle and rVLM could reduce stress-induced hyperviscosity and elevation of blood pressure and these effects were probably mediated via 5-HT receptors in the rVLM.     

马铃薯Y病毒外壳蛋白基因的克隆及序列分析

本文报道应用聚合酶链式反应(PCR)技术,在体外扩增马铃薯 Y 病毒外壳蛋白基因及其克隆和序列分析的结果。病毒 RNA 从马铃薯 Y 病毒感染的烟草叶片中提取,用合成的PCR 3引物及 AMV 逆转录酶合成了单链的 cDNA。利用 PCR 技术,经30个循玎的扩增。得到了一特异的0.8kb 片段。克隆后对此片段进行了限制性内切酶物理图谱分析,并测定了其全序列。实验结果证明,我们克隆到的是完整的马铃薯 Y 病毒的外壳蛋白基因。与国外报道的马铃薯 Y 病毒 N 株相比,其核苷酸序列及推测的氨基酸序列的同源率分别为97.8%和97%。将该基因导入马铃薯以期获得抗 Y 病毒马铃薯的工作正在进行。本文还对 PCR 技术用于扩增植物 RNA 病毒的方法以及用基因工程方法培育抗病毒作物新品种的可行性等进行了讨论。     

Structure and sequence of the human α- -iduronidase gene

In humans, a deficiency of the lysosomal hydrolase α- -iduronidase (IDUA; EC 3.2.1.76) results in the lysosomal storage of the glycosaminoglycans heparan sulfate and dermatan sulfate, thereby causing the lysosomal storage disorder mucopolysaccharidosis type I. The gene for IDUA is split into 14 exons spanning approximately 19 kb. We report the sequence of two noncontiguous segments of the IDUA gene, one 1.8-kb segment containing exons 1 and 2 and surrounding sequences and a second segment of 4.5 kb containing the last 12 exons. The potential promoter for IDUA has only GC box type consensus sequences consistent with a housekeeping promoter and is bounded by an Alu repeat sequence. The first two exons of IDUA are separated by an intron of 566 bp, then there is a large intron of approximately 13 kb, and the last 12 exons are clustered within 4.5 kb. No consensus polyadenylation signal was found in the 3′ untranslated region, although two variant polyadenylation signals are proposed.     

Technique for repeated collection of cerebrospinal fluid from cisterna magna of anesthetized strain 13 guinea pigs

To study biochemical changes in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), we developed a reliable technique for repeated collection of CSF in anesthetized strain 13 guinea pigs. The animal's head was mounted in a stereotaxic instrument with ventral tilt at 30 degrees, and cisternal puncture was made with an L-shaped, 23-gauge needle through the shaved skin. Clear CSF was collected in a 1-ml syringe surrounded by crushed ice. Each collection procedure lasted for 3 min, and three consecutive collections produced about 0.2 ml of CSF. Sampling was repeated at 3-hr intervals. With intravenous saline infusion (10 ml/kg.hr), a total volume of 0.6-1.0 ml of CSF was collected over 6 to 12 hr. Animals maintained a mean blood pressure, heart rate, and minute volume, with few changes during CSF sampling for the entire collection.     

Further investigation on nuclear transplantation in different orders of teleost: the combination of the nucleus of Tilapia (Oreochromis nilotica) and the cytoplasm of Loach (Paramisgurnus dabryanus).

The nucleus of a blastula cell from Tilapia (Oreochromis nilotica, family Cichlidae, order Perciformes) was transplanted into an enucleated egg of Loach (Paramisgurnus dabryanus, family Cobitidae, order Cypriniformes). From among 3747 nucleo-cytoplasmic hybrid (NCH) eggs two NCH larval fish (0.05%) were obtained; one died on the 6th day and the other died on the 12th day after the operation. Morphological examinations showed that both NCH larval fish had developed normally with an opened mouth except they could not take food after complete utilization of their egg yolk on the 5th day of development. The possible mechanisms for obtaining such inter-order NCH larval fish are discussed. This is the first report indicating that inter-order NCH larval fish can be obtained in spite of their evolutionary divergence.     

Histopathological evidence for protective immunity induced by sonicated Salmonella vaccine

The highly susceptible inbred C3H/HeNMTV mice were vaccinated with fragments derived from sonicated Salmonella typhimurium and then infected with the pathogen. All of the vaccinated mice survived an otherwise rapidly fatal challenge of 10(5) organisms, i.e., greater than 10(3) x mean lethal dose (LD50). The vaccine also protected two-thirds of the mice infected with 10(6) bacteria and extended the survival time of the remainder in their fatal disease. Histopathological findings showed that, like the control mice, the vaccinated and infected mice developed abscesses with infiltration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the organs of the reticuloendothelial system during the early stage of the infection. However, unlike the primary lesions in the control mice, the lesions of the vaccinated mice tended to be discrete and self-limiting. They began to transform into granulomas after the first week of infection. Recovery and regeneration of tissues were evident 3 weeks after the infection.     

Different effects of vasopressin and angiotensin II on baroreflexes

Our data indicate that vasopressin facilitates baroreflex inhibition of lumbar sympathetic nerve activity by two mechanisms: it sensitizes baroreceptors locally and shifts the stimulus-response curve so that a lower carotid sinus pressure results in a certain level of reflex sympathetic inhibition; it also produces a corresponding shift when given i.v. and excluded from baroreceptors implicating a second, central mechanism for facilitation of baroreflexes. In contrast, angiotensin II attenuates baroreflex inhibition of peripheral sympathetic function and this is accounted for totally by a central action. Why these differences occur present challenging new questions for future investigation.     

外源蜕皮激素对蓖麻蚕蛹发育的效应

本文报道蓖麻蚕蛹在室温28℃下的卵巢发育过程,以及外源20-羟基蜕皮酮对蚕蛹发育的影响。正常蛹在任何发育期内注射20-羟基蜕皮酮后,全部仍羽化成蛾,但蛹期延长约1至4天。无脑蛹经注射后出现蛹——蛾的变态,发育情况因剂量而不同:注射0.1微克后约有半数蛹发育成蛾;注射2微克羽化率较高,卵巢管的发育也最好;4微克或更高的注射量能使全部蛹发育成蛾,但卵巢管多少有些不正常。注射量超过5微克时,蛾体较小,颜色浅黄,没有或只有很少的鳞片。蛹的发育天数随剂量的增大而减少。经外源20-羟基蜕皮酮处理后,无论是有脑蛾或是无脑蛾的卵粒都明显地比正常蛾的卵粒大。当超过一定的注射量时,注射量越大,蚕蛾的自动蜕壳能力越差。     

菠萝叶膜脂脂肪酸组成的温度效应及其与抗寒性的关系

生长在不同季节的菠萝叶膜脂脂肪酸的配比存在着明显差异;随着大气温度的下降,18:1含量显著减少,18:2和18:3含量增加。不同品种均表现出一致的变化趋势。致害低温破坏了膜脂,使较不抗寒品种的16:0含量增加,18:2和18:3含量减少;较抗寒品种这种变化则较不显著。适当低温锻炼能改变膜脂脂肪酸的代谢过程,16:0和18:1含量减少,18:3含量增加。当处于更低温度时,除了16:0和18:1继续减少外,有一部分18:2也脱饱和而转变为18:3。因之明显地增加了膜脂中18:3的含量和脂肪酸的不饱和度,从而有利于抗寒性的提高。而品种间的抗寒性差异亦是在此低温期间表现出来。