MicroRNAs and their role in viral infection

Recently, a class of about 22 nucleotides (nt) small RNA has been discovered in many eukaryotes, termed microRNAs (miRNAs), which have a variety of functions. Many recent findings have demonstrated that viruses can also encode their own miRNAs. Meanwhile, other findings reveal a relationship between host miRNA and viral infection. These findings suggest a tight relationship between host and viral infection via miRNA pathway. This article introduces the miRNAs encoded by viruses and reviews the advances of the interaction of the mammalian host miRNAs and viral infection.     

准噶尔盆地荒漠灌丛对融雪水空间分布的反馈初探

温带荒漠的积雪沿灌丛始融,并以灌丛为中心形成融雪漏斗,导致融雪水向灌丛基部汇集。观测资料表明:通过灌丛对融雪水分布的反馈,使灌丛周围的沙层含水量明显增加,为裸沙区的152.1-228.9％,从而提高融雪水的利用率并改善灌丛自身的供水条件,对荒漠植被的分布格局亦起一定影响。     

髓源性防御素的研究进展

防御素是一组含有6个半胱氨酸的阳离子抗微生物多肽。在中性粒细胞内,防御素含量丰富,具有广谱、高效的抗微生物活性,是机体天然免疫机制的重要组成部分。近年来的临床观察表明,测定血浆及各种体液中髓源性防御素的改变有助于某些炎症性疾患的诊断。此外,提纯或重组防御素作为“超级抗生素”则已成为药学界的研究热点。本文着重对髓源性防御素的生化特性、生物学活性及其与疾病的关系作一概述。     

青藏高原东缘风毛菊亚属16种植物果皮微形态研究

采用扫描电子显微镜对青藏高原东缘风毛菊亚属中的16种植物果实表皮微形态特征进行观察,结果表明：（1）果皮纹饰类型为：条纹型,有隔条纹型和网纹型。（2）根据种内个体间、组内种间以及组间的比较,认为在风毛菊亚属中,果实表皮显微特征在种内个体间比较稳定,变异很小;同组内种间表现出较大的相似性而不同组间存在着一定差异。说明在组和组下等级的分类学处理以及在系统位置和亲缘关系的探讨上,果实显微特征具有重要的分类学价值。     

多粘类芽胞杆菌SC2基因敲除体系的建立

摘要:【目的】建立多粘类芽胞杆菌SC2 的基因敲除体系。【方法】利用电转化把温敏型自杀质粒pRN5101导入到多粘类芽胞杆菌SC2中。采用基因重组技术敲除SC2 中的多粘菌素基因E(pmxE),得到突变株SC2-E。利用抗细菌性能检测和高效液相色谱分析合成多粘菌素的能力,来证实pmxE基因是否被敲除。【结果】成功构建了多粘类芽胞杆菌SC2 的基因敲除体系。pRN5101转入SC2后能够在28℃复制,39℃自杀。突变株失去了合成多粘菌素的能力,成功敲除pmxE基因,验证了此体系的可用性。【结论】首次构建了多粘类芽胞杆菌的基因敲除体系,拓展了pRN5101的使用范围,为研究多粘类芽胞杆菌的基因功能提供了高效的遗传操作工具。     

采自武夷山高温木质素降解菌优良菌株筛选及其木质素降解效果测定

本文旨在筛选能够高效降解秸秆木质素的高温真菌。对来自福建武夷山的农田土壤进行富集,采用苯胺蓝、愈创木酚和α-萘酚3种筛选平板结合木质素磺酸钙降解试验筛选木质素高温降解菌,采用范氏洗涤剂法测定一株高效降解菌对秸秆木质素的降解效果;最后以经典形态学和多基因分子系统学相结合的方法对该菌株进行鉴定。结果表明：经钓饵法,分离获得8株高温菌;通过初筛和复筛,获得了1株较好的木质素高温降解菌A12638H;将其用于降解水稻秸秆和玉米秸秆,发现木质素降解率分别达到41.7%和48.3%;该菌株经鉴定为大孢戴氏霉Taifanglania major。菌株A12638H具有很好的应用价值,值得在秸秆资源的开发利用中开展更深入的研究。     

Decoy engineering of the receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase StPBS1 to defend against virus infection in potato

Potato virus Y (PVY) is an important pathogen of potato (Solanum tuberosum). Although the PBS1–RPS5 immune system is well documented in Arabidopsis thaliana, it has not been reported in potato. In Arabidopsis, the bacterial effector AvrPphB cleaves AtPBS1 to trigger an immune response. Here, we show that the AvrPphB-triggered immune response is mediated by StPBS1, a close homologue of AtPBS1 in potato. However, downstream signalling of StPBS1 was mediated by unknown resistance (R) proteins other than potato orthologues of AtRPS5 and HvPBR1, which is important for HvPBS1 signalling in barley. Immune signalling of StPBS1 is mediated by the AvrPphB C-terminal cleavage domain and an STKPQ motif, in contrast to AtPBS1-mediated immunity in which both AvrPphB cleavage fragments and an SEMPH motif are essential. The cleavage sequence of AvrPphB in StPBS1 was replaced with that of the PVY NIa-Pro protease to obtain StPBS1^NIa. StPBS1^NIa overexpression potato displayed stronger immunity to PVY infection than did the StPBS1 transgenic lines. StPBS1^NIa was cleaved at the expected target site by NIa-Pro protease from PVY. Thus, we characterized the function of StPBS1 in potato immunity and provide a biotechnology control method for PVY via transformation of decoy-engineered StPBS1^NIa.     

我国若干地区蜡样芽孢杆菌723株噬菌体分型的初步报告

四年来,作者由水中获取蜡样芽孢杆菌噬菌体13株,旨在试作噬菌体分型。待检菌株共723株,由国内16个地区提供(其中食物中毒株121株;食品株602株)。分型结果显示:C29、C30、C24、C27、C19和A_4等型别占优势。中毒株     

中国云南及西藏水生环境中的新种——棕孢香港霉

在大湄公河次区域的水生真菌调查中,从中国云南和西藏的沉水腐木中分离得到4个菌株。基于LSU、SSU、ITS、TEF1-α和RPB2序列进行多基因系统发育分析,表明4个菌株属于菩提科香港霉属真菌。系统发育分析结果显示4个菌株聚集在一起,并与泰国香港霉形成姐妹支。基于形态学及分子系统学研究,将这4个菌株鉴定为新种棕孢香港霉。棕孢香港霉是香港霉属的第二个有性型物种,它因子囊果的孔口处有棕色至黑色的刚毛,且子囊孢子呈梭形,孢子两端逐渐变窄且钝圆,红棕色至暗棕色,具有多个隔膜而区别于另一个有性型物种泰国香港霉。本研究提供了该真菌新种的描述及图版并比较了该种与其他物种的形态差异。