沉默交配型信息调节因子2同源蛋白Sirt1

沉默交配型信息调节因子2同源蛋白1(silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1,Sirt1)是哺乳动物中与酵母沉默信息调节蛋白2(silencing information regulator 2,Sir2)高度同源的蛋白质,它是一种依赖NAD+的III类组蛋白去乙酰化酶(HDAC III),在细胞分化、衰老、凋亡、DNA损伤修复、能量及内分泌代谢调节中起重要作用,同时在基因沉默、表观遗传学修饰、转录调控及信号转导调节中发挥重要的生物学功能。本文对其近年的研究进展做一概述。     

杜仲内生真菌DZ05的鉴定及抗菌生物活性研究

结合菌株的形态学特征和ITS序列分析结果,对1株分离自杜仲茎部的内生真菌菌株DZ05进行鉴定,并对其在PDA液体培养基摇床培养3 d获得的发酵液对多种测试菌进行抗菌活性研究。结果显示:(1)分离自杜仲茎部的内生真菌菌株DZ05经形态学特征和ITS序列分析,被鉴定为淡紫色拟青霉。(2)其发酵液的乙酸乙酯提取物对6种测试细菌和9种测试植物病原菌均具有明显的抑菌活性,抑菌圈直径在13～45 mm之间,其中对番茄灰霉病菌、番茄叶霉病菌和苹果炭疽病菌抑菌圈直径＞40 mm。研究表明,杜仲内生真菌DZ05的代谢产物具有广谱的抗菌活性,在植物病原菌的生物防治领域具有较大的应用前景。     

Protein phosphatase 5 is required for ATR-mediated checkpoint activation

In response to DNA damage or replication stress, the protein kinase ATR is activated and subsequently transduces genotoxic signals to cell cycle control and DNA repair machinery through phosphorylation of a number of downstream substrates. Very little is known about the molecular mechanism by which ATR is activated in response to genotoxic insults. In this report, we demonstrate that protein phosphatase 5 (PP5) is required for the ATR-mediated checkpoint activation. PP5 forms a complex with ATR in a genotoxic stress-inducible manner. Interference with the expression or the activity of PP5 leads to impairment of the ATR-mediated phosphorylation of hRad17 and Chk1 after UV or hydroxyurea treatment. Similar results are obtained in ATM-deficient cells, suggesting that the observed defect in checkpoint signaling is the consequence of impaired functional interaction between ATR and PP5. In cells exposed to UV irradiation, PP5 is required to elicit an appropriate S-phase checkpoint response. In addition, loss of PP5 leads to premature mitosis after hydroxyurea treatment. Interestingly, reduced PP5 activity exerts differential effects on the formation of intranuclear foci by ATR and replication protein A, implicating a functional role for PP5 in a specific stage of the checkpoint signaling pathway. Taken together, our results suggest that PP5 plays a critical role in the ATR-mediated checkpoint activation.     

环境污染物对巨噬细胞的影响及生物监测意义

随着工农业的发展,环境污染问题日趋严重。作为常见的环境污染物,二氧化硫经呼吸道转化为亚硫酸盐能引起多种呼吸系统疾病,并可能有促癌作用;重金属汞能引起中枢神经系统和多种器官损害,同时具有一定的免疫毒性,其危害已引起人们广泛关注。生物监测(bi0H10nitoring)是使用活     

Hormone interactions to Leu-rich repeats in the gonadotropin receptors. I. Analysis of Leu-rich repeats of human luteinizing hormone/chorionic gonadotropin receptor and follicle-stimulating hormone receptor

The luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR) and follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) have an approximately 350-amino acid-long, N-terminal extracellular exodomain. This exodomain binds hormone with high affinity and specificity and contains eight to nine putative Leu-rich repeat (LRR) sequences. LRRs are known to assume the horseshoe structure in ribonuclease inhibitors, and the inner lining of the horseshoe consists of the beta-stranded Leu/Ile-X-Leu/Ile motif. In the case of ribonuclease inhibitors, these beta strands interact with ribonuclease. However, it is unclear whether the putative LRRs of LHR and FSHR play any role in the structure and function. In this work, the beta-stranded Leu/Ile residues in all LRRs of the human LHR and FSHR were Ala-scanned and characterized. In addition, the 23 residues around LRR2 of LHR were Ala-scanned. The results show that beta-stranded Leu and Ile residues in all LRRs are important but not equally. These Leu/Ile-X-Leu/Ile motifs appear to form the hydrophobic core of the LRR loop, crucial for the LRR structure. Interestingly, the hot spots are primarily in the upstream and downstream LRRs of the LHR exodomain, whereas important LRRs spread throughout the FSHR exodomain. This may explain the distinct hormone specificity despite the structural similarity of the two receptors.     

Relationship Between β-Amyloid and Mitochondrial Dynamics

Mitochondria as dynamic organelles undergo morphological changes through the processes of fission and fusion which are major factors regulating their functions. A disruption in the balance of mitochondrial dynamics induces functional disorders in mitochondria such as failed energy production and the generation of reactive oxygen species, which are closely related to pathophysiological changes associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Recent studies have demonstrated a relationship between abnormalities in mitochondrial dynamics and impaired mitochondrial function, clarifying the effects of morphofunctional aberrations which promote neuronal cell death in AD. Several possible signaling pathways have been suggested for a better understanding of the mechanism behind the key molecules regulating mitochondrial morphologies. However, the exact machinery involved in mitochondrial dynamics still has yet to be elucidated. This paper reviews the current knowledge on signaling mechanisms involved in mitochondrial dynamics and the significance of mitochondrial dynamics in controlling associated functions in neurodegenerative diseases, particularly in AD.     

AFM对人乳腺癌细胞外纤连蛋白原纤维的形态学观察

探讨原子力显微镜在研究细胞和细胞外基质间的相互作用及细胞外基质的功能等方面的应用前景。应用原子力显微镜观察培养的人乳腺癌MCF 7 R细胞分泌的纤连蛋白原纤维的分布和排列规律 ,并与其他常规观察技术进行比较。应用原子力显微镜获得了多个乳腺癌细胞和细胞外纤连蛋白原纤维的整体和局部形貌图像 ,发现这些原纤维的分布和排列方式非常有规律 ,而且这些规律与其功能相适应。由于样品制备简单和分辨率较高等优点 ,原子力显微镜较适合于细胞外基质的原位观察     

不同土壤水分和养分条件下喜旱莲子草与同属种生长状况的比较研究

喜旱莲子草(Alternanthera philoxeroides)入侵已在中国造成巨大的生态和经济损失。为揭示喜旱莲子草成功入侵的生态机制并预测其种群扩张趋势及其与环境因子的关系, 作者比较了喜旱莲子草与其同属的外来弱入侵种刺花莲子草(A. pungens)以及土著种莲子草(A. sessilis)在不同土壤水分、养分条件下的生长状况。结果显示: 在高水高肥条件下, 喜旱莲子草的生物量要高于刺花莲子草和莲子草, 而在低水低肥条件下却不如这两个同属种; 弱入侵种刺花莲子草在低水条件下的生物量要高于强入侵种喜旱莲子草和土著种莲子草, 说明植物的入侵性受环境条件的影响。另外, 强入侵种喜旱莲子草形态学性状的可塑性较高, 在各种条件下都具有较高的比叶面积, 暗示这两个指标可作为莲子草属外来植物入侵性的预测指标。     

环境胁迫和抗坏血酸的氧化还原状态

为了解环境胁迫对植物体中抗坏血酸含量及氧化还原状态的影响,以不同强度的冰冻和干旱两种胁迫为例,研究了它们对沈阳几种针叶树离体叶抗坏血酸、脱氢抗坏血酸含量以及抗坏血酸-谷胱甘肽循环中4种酶活性的影响.结果表明,两种胁迫达到一定强度后,都能使还原态抗坏血酸含量下降而使脱氢抗坏血酸含量上升.冰冻使抗坏血酸过氧化酶和单脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶活性下降.轻度失水使这两种酶活性上升,失水加重后转而趋于下降.脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶和谷胱甘肽还原酶活性对两种胁迫反应均不如前两种酶敏感.结合以前的研究结果,认为这一H2O2清除系统在导致驯化(acclimation)的轻度胁迫作用下可以得到加强,而当胁迫强度过大时则其清除能力下降并使组织受到伤害.文中还报告了沈阳几种针叶树抗寒性和针叶中抗坏血酸含量及上述4种酶活性之间的相关关系.