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41.
Membrane-trafficking RabA4c involved in the effect of glycine betaine on recovery from chilling stress in Arabidopsis 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
John Einset Erik Nielsen Erin L. Connolly Atle Bones Torfinn Sparstad Per Winge Jian-Kang Zhu 《Physiologia plantarum》2007,130(4):511-518
Glycine betaine (GB) can confer tolerance to several types of stress at low concentrations, either after application to plants or in transgenics engineered to overproduce GB. Based on earlier studies on levels of GB in plants and evidence for effects on gene expression, we hypothesized that at least part of this effect could be ascribed to the activation of the expression of stress tolerance genes. Using a strategy based on high-throughput gene expression analysis with microarrays followed by confirmation with northern blots, we identified Arabidopsis genes upregulated in roots that reinforce intracellular processes protecting cells from oxidative damage and others that appear to be involved in reinforcing a scavenging system for reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cell walls. Upregulated genes in roots include those for the membrane-trafficking RabA4c, the root-specific NADPH-dependent ferric reductase (FRO2) localized to the plasma membrane, mitochondrial catalase 2 and the cell wall peroxidase ATP3a. Comparative studies with wild-type Arabidopsis and knockout mutants for the membrane-trafficking RabA4c gene demonstrated that the mutants respond only slightly to GB, if at all, compared with wild-type in relation to root growth recovery after chilling stress, demonstrating the role of RabA4c in relation to the GB effect. The results point toward links between oxidative stress, gene expression, membrane trafficking and scavenging of ROS such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide in relation to GB effects on chilling tolerance in plants. 相似文献
42.
Binhai Zhu 《Journal of computational biology》2007,14(10):1343-1351
Protein structure alignment is a fundamental problem in computational and structural biology. While there has been lots of experimental/heuristic methods and empirical results, very few results are known regarding the algorithmic/complexity aspects of the problem, especially on protein local structure alignment. A well-known measure to characterize the similarity of two polygonal chains is the famous Fréchet distance, and with the application of protein-related research, a related discrete Fréchet distance has been used recently. In this paper, following the recent work of Jiang et al. we investigate the protein local structural alignment problem using bounded discrete Fréchet distance. Given m proteins (or protein backbones, which are 3D polygonal chains), each of length O(n), our main results are summarized as follows: * If the number of proteins, m, is not part of the input, then the problem is NP-complete; moreover, under bounded discrete Fréchet distance it is NP-hard to approximate the maximum size common local structure within a factor of n(1-epsilon). These results hold both when all the proteins are static and when translation/rotation are allowed. * If the number of proteins, m, is a constant, then there is a polynomial time solution for the problem. 相似文献
43.
Lycopene beta-cyclase (Lyc-B) is the key enzyme in the catalysis of linear lycopene to form cyclic beta-carotene, an indispensable part of the photosynthetic apparatus and an important source of vitamin A in human and animal nutrition. Studies showing that the microalga Dunaliella salina can accumulate a high level of beta-carotene are lacking. We hypothesize that D. salina is closely involved with the catalytic mechanism of Lyc-B and the molecular regulation of its gene. In this study, we used RT-PCR and RACE-PCR to isolate a 2475 bp cDNA with a 1824 bp open reading frame, encoding a putative Lyc-B, from D. salina. Homology studies showed that the deduced amino acid sequence had a significant overall similarity with sequences of other green algae and higher plants, and that it shared the highest sequence identity, up to 64%, with Lyc-B of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Codon analysis showed that synonymous codon usage in the enzyme has a strong bias towards codons ending with adenosine. Two motifs were found in the Lyc-B sequence, one at the N terminus, for binding the hypothetical cofactor FAD, and the other was a substrate carrier motif in oxygenic organisms shared by an earlier carotenogenesis enzyme, phytoene desaturase, and Lyc-B. A tertiary structure prediction suggested that the catalytic or binding site structure within LycB from D. salina is superior to that of both H. pluvialis and C. reinhardtii. The LycB protein from D. salina was quite removed from that of H. pluvialis and C. reinhardtii in the phylogenetic tree. Taken as a whole, this information provides insight into the regulatatory mechanism of Lyc-B at the molecular level and the high level of beta-carotene accumulation in the microalga D. salina. 相似文献
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45.
Iron plaque enhances phosphorus uptake by rice (Oryza sativa) growing under varying phosphorus and iron concentrations 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Both solution culture and pot experiments were performed to investigate (a) the effects of external Fe (II) concentrations and forms on the formation of iron plaque on the roots of rice (Oryza sativa) and subsequent P adsorption on iron plaque and shoot P concentrations and (b) the effects of soil moisture regimes on the formation of iron plaque and P adsorption on root surfaces and P accumulation in shoots. The results showed that iron plaque was significantly increased with increasing Fe2+ concentrations in the solution culture. The amounts of P adsorbed on the iron plaque were increased significantly with external Fe2+ concentrations. Although shoot P concentration was not significantly affected by Fe2+ treatment after incubation for 2 days, it was significantly increased in the Fe‐treated plants compared with Fe‐deprived ones after incubation for 4 days. Soil culture experiment showed that the formation of iron plaque on root surfaces was promoted by exogenous iron, with greater amount of iron plaque being formed by addition of ferric hydroxide than of ferric oxide. Phosphorus adsorption on iron plaque also increased with the addition of iron oxides, and increasing soil P increased the amounts of P associated with the iron plaque and shoot P concentration. The amounts of iron plaque were almost sixfold higher under flooding condition than under field capacity condition. Plants pretreated under flooding condition generally had higher shoot P concentrations when they were transplanted to solutions with varying P levels, and this was most pronounced in the treatment with highest solution P concentration. The results suggest that iron plaque acts as a nutrient reservoir for phosphorus in the rhizosphere and helps enhance P acquisition by rice. 相似文献
46.
47.
Radio-binding assay, bioassay and HPLC detection were used to observe the antagonistic effects of dextrorphan on PCP's actions. Dextrorphan displayed high affinity to PCP receptor in the rabbit mesenteric blood vessels. It had weak PCP-like bioactivity, but could antagonize PCP's action dose-dependently in vitro study with the rabbit ear artery preparation and shifted the dose-response curve of PCP to the right. After PCP administration, the content of norepinephrine in the vascular bath medium was increased, which was reversed by dextrorphan. Thus suggests that dextrorphan is an antagonist with very mild agonistic action for PCP receptors. 相似文献
48.
Carbonic Anhydrase and the Uptake of Inorganic Carbon by Synechococcus sp. (UTEX-2380) 总被引:10,自引:7,他引:3 下载免费PDF全文
We report the changes in the concentrations and 18O contents of extracellular CO2 and HCO3− in suspensions of Synechococcus sp. (UTEX 2380) using membrane inlet mass spectrometry. This marine cyanobacterium is known to have an active uptake mechanism for inorganic carbon. Measuring 18O exchange between CO2 and water, we have found the intracellular carbonic anhydrase activity to be equivalent to 20 times the uncatalyzed CO2 hydration rate in different samples of cells that were grown on bubbled air (low-CO2 conditions). This activity was only weakly inhibited by ethoxzolamide with an I50 near 7 to 10 micromolar in lysed cell suspensions. We have shown that even with CO2-starved cells there is considerable generation of CO2 from intracellular stores, a factor that can cause errors in measurement of net CO2 uptake unless accounted for. It was demonstrated that use of 13C-labeled inorganic carbon outside the cell can correct for such errors in mass spectrometric measurement. Oxygen-18 depletion experiments show that in the light, CO2 readily passes across the cell membrane to the sites of intracellular carbonic anhydrase. Although HCO3− was readily taken up by the cells, these experiments shown that there is no significant efflux of HCO3− from Synechococcus. 相似文献
49.
用云南山楂(Crataegus scabrifolia(Franch.)Rehd.)成年树茎尖和实生芽两种不同发育阶段的材料为外殖体,诱导它们休眠芽萌动,丛生芽条并诱导芽条生根。实验结果如下:1.以成年态的云南山楂侧芽为外植体,培养在附加IAA 0.1—0.5mg/l+6-BA 1-2mg/l的MS培养基上可诱导芽的萌发;将芽继代培养在附加0.5—1mg/l 6-BA的SH或MS培养基上,40天后芽数增殖4—6倍;将芽条截下置于1/2MS培养基上,附加不同浓度的IAA或IBA,可得到50—80%的生根率。2.以实生芽为外殖体,在相同条件下,则20天后芽数增殖便可获4—6倍;98%以上生根。结果表明:云南山楂的幼年态要比成年态易脱分化和再分化。 相似文献
50.
香荚兰种子的无菌萌发试验 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
香荚兰(Vanilla planifolia)是兰科、香荚兰属植物,主产于湿热地区。香荚兰的果实是国际上重要的食用香料的原料。大约在1960年,我国引入香荚兰试栽。生产上,通常用扦插法繁殖;但如用种子繁殖,虽然结实较晚(约7至8年开始结实,较扦插苗晚4—5年),但结实期长,盛产期可维持约15年。而且,在杂交育种过程中,一定要用种子繁殖。 相似文献