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991.
We have analyzed, by means of density functional theory calculations and the embedded cluster model, the adsorption and spin-state
properties of Cr, Ni, Mo, and Pt deposited on a MgO crystal. We considered deposition at the Mg2+ site of a defect-free surface and at Li+ and Na+ sites of impurity-containing surfaces. To avoid artificial polarization effects, clusters of moderate sizes with no border
anions were embedded in simulated Coulomb fields that closely approximate the Madelung fields of the host surfaces. The interaction
between a transition metal atom and a surface results from a competition between Hund's rule for the adsorbed atom and the
formation of a chemical bond at the interface. We found that the adsorption energies of the metal atoms are significantly
enhanced by the cation impurities, and the adsorption energies of the low-spin states of spin-quenched complexes are always
more favorable than those of the high-spin states. Spin polarization effects tend to preserve the spin states of the adsorbed
atoms relative to those of the isolated atoms. The metal–support interactions stabilize the low-spin states of the adsorbed
metals with respect to the isolated metals, but the effect is not always enough to quench the spin. Spin quenching occurs
for Cr and Mo complexes at the Mg2+ site of the pure surface and at Li+ and Na+ sites of the impurity-containing surfaces. Variations of the spin-state properties of free metals and of the adsorption and
spin-state properties of metal complexes are correlated with the energies of the frontier orbitals. The electrostatic potential
energy curves provide further understanding of the nature of the examined properties. 相似文献
992.
Mahboob Ahmad Malik M. Ahmad Rifat Hamid M. Z. Abdin Saleem Javed 《Mycotoxin Research》2013,29(1):39-45
Aflatoxins are one of the most important secondary metabolites. These extrolites are produced by a number of Aspergillus fungi. In this study, we demonstrate the effect of media components and enhanced aflatoxin yield shown by A. flavus using response surface methodology in response to different nutrients. Different components of a chemically defined media that influence the aflatoxin production were monitored using Plackett–Burman experimental design and further optimized by Box–Behnken factorial design of response surface methodology in liquid culture. Interactions were studied with five variables, namely sorbitol, fructose, ammonium sulfate, KH2PO4, and MgSO4.7H2O. Maximum aflatoxin production was envisaged in medium containing 4.94 g/l sorbitol, 5.56 g/l fructose, 0.62 g/l ammonium sulfate, 1.33 g/l KH2PO4, and 0.65 g/l MgSO4·7H2O using response surface plots and the point prediction tool of the DESIGN EXPERT 8.1.0 (Stat-Ease, USA) software. However, a production of 5.25 μg/ml aflatoxin production was obtained, which was in agreement with the prediction observed in verification experiment. The other component (MgSO4.7H2O) was found to be an insignificant variable. 相似文献
993.
S. S. Ali R. Pervez M. Abid Hussain R. Ahmad 《Archives Of Phytopathology And Plant Protection》2013,46(4):300-304
Abstract An investigation was conducted in pots to access the susceptibility of three lepidopteran pests, namely, gram pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera, greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella, and rice moth, Corcyra cephalonica, to two recently described species, Steinernema masoodi, S. seemae, and three indigenous S. carpocapsae, S. glaseri and S. thermophilum entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN). The suitability of these lepidopterans for the in vivo mass production of the nematodes was also estimated. Among the five species of EPN, S. masoodi, S. seemae and S. carpocapsae were found most pathogenic to C. cephalonica, bringing about mortality within 24 h, followed by H. armigera (36, 38 and 48 h, respectively) and G. mellonella (30, 36 and 48 h, respectively). The other species of EPN, viz., S. glaseri and S. thermophilum was the least pathogenic, which killed the larvae of C. cephalonica in 29 and 36 h, respectively, G. mellonella in 48 h, and H. armigera in 38 and 56 h, respectively. Galleria mellonella was found the most suitable host for the mass production of infective juveniles (IJs) of S. seemae, which yielded higher IJs than S. carpocapsae. Helicoverpa armigera was the next best suitable alternate host, which produced maximum IJs in case of S. seemae followed by S. masoodi, S. carpocapsae, S. glaseri and S. thermophilum. Rice moth, Corcyra cephalonica was the least suitable host. The susceptibility of H. armigera to five tested EPN species and susceptibility of G. mellonella and C. cephalonica to S. masoodi and S. seemae are new records. 相似文献
994.
Gunhild M. Mueller Ahmad B. Maarouf Carol L. Kinlough Nan Sheng Ossama B. Kashlan Sora Okumura Sarah Luthy Thomas R. Kleyman Rebecca P. Hughey 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2010,285(40):30453-30462
The epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) is comprised of three homologous subunits (α, β, and γ) that have a similar topology with two transmembrane domains, a large extracellular region, and cytoplasmic N and C termini. Although ENaC activity is regulated by a number of factors, palmitoylation of its cytoplasmic Cys residues has not been previously described. Fatty acid-exchange chemistry was used to determine whether channel subunits were Cys-palmitoylated. We observed that only the β and γ subunits were modified by Cys palmitoylation. Analyses of ENaCs with mutant β subunits revealed that Cys-43 and Cys-557 were palmitoylated. Xenopus oocytes expressing ENaC with a β C43A,C557A mutant had significantly reduced amiloride-sensitive whole cell currents, enhanced Na+ self-inhibition, and reduced single channel Po when compared with wild-type ENaC, while membrane trafficking and levels of surface expression were unchanged. Computer modeling of cytoplasmic domains indicated that β Cys-43 is in proximity to the first transmembrane α helix, whereas β Cys-557 is within an amphipathic α-helix contiguous with the second transmembrane domain. We propose that β subunit palmitoylation modulates channel gating by facilitating interactions between cytoplasmic domains and the plasma membrane. 相似文献
995.
J Toppari I Tsutsumi P C Bishop J W Parker N Ahmad C Tsang J D Campeau G S diZerega 《Biology of reproduction》1989,40(3):623-634
DNA flow cytometry was evaluated as a tool to analyze stage-specific changes that occur in absolute cell numbers in the testes. Hypophysectomy was selected as a model system for perturbing testicular cell types, since the cytological sequelae of this treatment post-hypophysectomy in the rat are well documented in the literature. Rat spermatogenic cells in stages II-V, VII, and IX-XIII of the seminiferous epithelial cycle (as defined by Leblond and Clermont, 1952) were quantified in numbers per standard length of seminiferous tubule by DNA flow cytometry after hypophysectomy and subsequent gonadotropin treatment. In agreement with previous histological studies, we found that acrosome- and maturation-phase spermatids disappeared from the seminiferous epithelium after 17 days post-hypophysectomy, whereas meiosis and early spermiogenesis continued at least 164 days. The number of meiotic cells and round spermatids gradually decreased after hypophysectomy. Changes were observed as early as Day 6 post-hypophysectomy. Treatment with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) alone maintained most cell numbers within normal limits, and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) was needed in addition to hCG to maintain the normal number of cells with the amount of DNA contained in primary spermatocytes and spermatogonia in G2/M-phase (4C) in stages IX-XIII and elongated spermatids (1C') in stages II-V of the epithelial cycle. The absolute numbers of spermatogenic cells at different phases of maturation provide a useful reference for quantitative studies of spermatogenesis. Pathological changes in the seminiferous epithelium can be detected and quantified by DNA flow cytometry. 相似文献
996.
Zhiwei Wang Aamir Ahmad Yiwei LiDejuan Kong Asfar S. AzmiSanjeev Banerjee Fazlul H. Sarkar 《生物化学与生物物理学报:癌评论》2010
Platelet-derived growth factor-D (PDGF-D) can regulate many cellular processes, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, transformation, migration, invasion, angiogenesis and metastasis. Therefore PDGF-D signaling has been considered to be important in human malignancies, and thus PDGF-D signaling may represent a novel therapeutic target, and as such suggests that the development of agents that will target PDGF-D signaling is likely to have a significant therapeutic impact on human cancers. This mini-review describes the mechanisms of signal transduction associated with PDGF-D signaling to support the role of PDGF-D in the carcinogenesis. Moreover, we summarize data on several PDGF-D inhibitors especially naturally occurring “chemopreventive agent” such an indole compound, which we believe could serve as a novel agent for the prevention of tumor progression and/or treatment of human malignancies by targeted inactivation of PDGF-D signaling. 相似文献
997.
Despite the great importance of Aureobasidium pullulans in biotechnology, the fungus had emerged as an opportunistic human pathogen, especially among immunocompromised patients.
Clinical detection of this rare human fungal pathogen presently relies on morphology diagnosis which may be misleading. Thus,
a sensitive and accurate quantitative molecular assay for A. pullulans remains lacking. In this study, we presented the microscopy observations of A. pullulans that reveals the phenotypic plasticity of the fungus. A. pullulans-specific primers and molecular beacon probes were designed based on the fungal 18S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene. Comparison
of two probes with varied quencher chemistry, namely BHQ-1 and Tamra, revealed high amplification efficiency of 104% and 108%,
respectively. The optimized quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) assays could detect and quantify up to 1 pg concentration of
A. pullulans DNA. Both assays displayed satisfactory performance parameters at fast thermal cycling mode. The molecular assay has great
potential as a molecular diagnosis tool for early detection of fungal infection caused by A. pullulans, which merits future study in clinical diagnosis. 相似文献
998.
Maryam Esfahani Masoud Saidijam Mohammad Taghi Goodarzi Ahmad Movahedian Rezvan Najafi 《Biochemistry. Biokhimii?a》2017,82(11):1314-1323
Atherosclerosis accounts for numerous cardiovascular diseases, and cytokines have a critical role in acceleration or suppression of disease. Salusin-α presents a new class of bioactive peptides that can have anti-atherogenic properties. Therefore, the effects of salusin-α on the expression of some pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and on TNF-α-induced inflammatory responses in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were examined. The involvement of the NF-κB pathway in effects of salusin-α in HUVECs was checked using Bay 11-7082 as an NF-κB inhibitor. The mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-6, IL-8, and IL-18 and anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-1Ra was assessed by real-time PCR. The protein levels of cytokines were measured by the ELISA method. Salusin-α suppressed both mRNA and protein expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and induced mRNA and protein expression of IL-1Ra in HUVECs. Salusin-α suppressed TNF-α-induced inflammatory responses in HUVECs. The down-regulatory or up-regulatory effects of salusin-α on expression of cytokines could not be influenced by Bay 11-7082 pretreatment. Our findings indicate anti-inflammatory effects of salusin-α and suggest a novel peptide-based therapeutic strategy for atherosclerosis. 相似文献
999.
1000.