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491.
1. The glucose transport asymmetry of intact human red cells has been shown to be retained in pink erythrocyte ghosts (a preparation of membranes in which 95% of the red cell haemoglobin has been removed). 2. 3-Isobutyl-1-methylxanthine inhibits net glucose efflux in intact cells and ghosts and also net influx in cells. 5mM theophylline inhibits net efflux in ghosts. The inhibition type is mixed. The major effect is a decrease in the V value for net flux but a small increase in Km also occurs. 3-Isobutyl-1-methylxanthine binds the transport system from the external solution only. 3. Exchange flux of glucose shows virtually no inhibition by 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine. 4. The results are discussed in terms of models for sugar transport. A model consistent with the observed pattern of inhibition would be one in which transport is rate-limited by the membrane and in which net and exchange flux occur via separate transport cycles. 相似文献
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493.
Joanna Lazniewska Jack R. T. Darby Stacey L. Holman Alexandra Sorvina Sally E. Plush Massimiliano Massi Doug A. Brooks Janna L. Morrison 《Journal of biophotonics》2021,14(4):e202000322
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) can result from reduced delivery of substrates, including oxygen and glucose, during pregnancy and may be caused by either placental insufficiency or maternal undernutrition. As a consequence of IUGR, there is altered programming of adipose tissue and this can be associated with metabolic diseases later in life. We have utilised two sheep models of IUGR, placental restriction and late gestation undernutrition, to determine the metabolic effects of growth restriction on foetal perirenal adipose tissue (PAT). Two-photon microscopy was employed to obtain an optical redox ratio, which gives an indication of cell metabolism. PAT of IUGR foetuses exhibited higher metabolic activity, altered lipid droplet morphology, upregulation of cytochrome c oxidase subunit genes and decreased expression of genes involved in growth and differentiation. Our results indicate that there are adaptations in PAT of IUGR foetuses that might be protective and ensure survival in response to an IUGR insult. 相似文献
494.