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71.
PD Dr. Hartmut Greven 《Cell and tissue research》1980,212(1):147-162
Summary The uterine epithelium of pregnant females of the terrestrial ovoviviparous Salamandra salamandra is characterized by a considerable enlargement of its basolateral surface. Chloride and cations (among others sodium), preferentially within the intercellular spaces, can be demonstrated ultrahistochemically. There is indirect evidence of Na+-K+-ATPase activity along the basolateral plasma membranes of the epithelial cells using the Sr-technique for demonstration of a K+-NPPase and 3H-ouabain autoradiography. Preliminary measurements reveal a potential difference across the uterine wall of 15–25mV, the lumenal (mucosal) surface being negative with respect to the coelomic (serosal) surface, and a short circuit current of 200–300 A. The possibly electrogenic ion transport is ouabain-sensitive. The results are in agreement with the model of a forward transporting, i.e. absorptive epithelium. An active transport of solute out of the uterine lumen across the epithelium to the subjacent connective tissue and the blood vessels may be involved in the regulation of an intrauterine milieu appropriate for the development of the offspring.I am indebted to Miss Dr. U. Beigel, Zoologisches Institut der Universität Münster, for linguistic help 相似文献
72.
Prof. Dr. Gerd Flajs Dipl.-Geol. Manfred Vigener Prof. Dr. Helmut Keupp Prof. Dr. Dieter Meischner Dipl.-Geol. Fritz Neuweiler PD Dr. Josef Paul Prof. Dr. Joachim Reitner Dr. Klaus Warnke PD Dr. Helmut Weller Dipl.-Geol. Patrick Dingle Dipl.-Geol. Christian Hensen Prof. Dr. Priska Schäfer Dr. Pascale Gautret Prof. Dr. Reinhold R. Leinfelder PD Dr. Hansmartin Hüssner Dipl.-Geol. Bernd Kaufmann 《Facies》1995,32(1):1-69
Summary This research report contains nine case studies (part II to X) dealing with Palaeozoic and Mesozoic mud mounds, microbial
reefs, and modern zones of active micrite production, and two parts (I and XI) summarizing the major questions and results.
The formation of different types ofin situ formed micrites (automicrites) in close association with siliceous sponges is documented in Devonian, Carboniferous, Triassic,
Jurassic and Cretaceous mounds and suggests a common origin with a modern facies found within reef caves. Processes involved
in the formation of autochthonous micrites comprise: (i) calcifying mucus enriched in Asp and Glu, this type presumably is
linked to the formation of stromatolites, thrombolites and massive fabrics; (ii) protein-rich substances within confined spaces
(e.g. microcavities) result in peloidal pockets, peloidal coatings and peloidal stromatolites, and (iii) decay of sponge soft
tissues, presumably enriched with symbiotic bacteria, lead to the micropeloidal preservation of parts of former sponge bodies.
As a consequence, there is strong evidence that the primary production of micrite in place represents the initial cause for
buildup development. The mode of precipitation corresponds to biologically-induced, matrix-mediated mineralization which results
in high-Mg-calcites, isotopically balanced with inorganic cements or equilibrium skeletal carbonates, respectively. If distinct
automicritic fabrics are absent, the source or origin of micrite remains questionable. However, the co-occurring identifiable
components are inadequate, by quantity and physiology, to explain the enhanced accumulation of fine-grained calcium carbonate.
The stromatolite reefs from the Permian Zechstein Basin are regarded as reminiscent of ancestral (Precambrian) reef facies,
considered the precursor of automicrite/sponge buildups. Automicrite/sponge buildups represent the basic Phanerozoic reef
type. Analogous facies are still present within modern cryptic reef habitats, where the biocalcifying carbonate factory is
restricted in space. 相似文献
73.
Evolutionary relationships among the male and female mitochondrial DNA lineages in the Mytilus edulis species complex 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A novel form of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) inheritance has previously been
documented for the blue mussel (Mytilus edulis). Female mussels inherit
their mtDNA solely from their mother while males inherit mtDNA from both
their mother and their father. In males, the paternal mtDNA is
preferentially amplified so that the male gonad is highly enriched for the
paternal mtDNA that is then transmitted from fathers to sons. We
demonstrate that this mode of mtDNA inheritance also operates in the
closely related species M. galloprovincialis and M. trossulus. The
evolutionary relationship between the male and female mtDNA lineages is
estimated by phylogenetic analysis of 455 nucleotides from the large
subunit ribosomal RNA gene. We have found that the male and female lineages
are highly divergent; the divergence of these lineages began prior to the
speciation of the three species of blue mussels. Further, the separation
between the male and female lineages is estimated to have occurred between
5.3 and 5.7 MYA.
相似文献
74.
75.
Ledig FT Capó-Arteaga MA Hodgskiss PD Sbay H Flores-López C Thompson Conkle M Bermejo-Velázquez B 《American journal of botany》2001,88(11):1977-1987
Weeping pi?on (Pinus pinceana) has a restricted and fragmented range, trees are widely scattered within populations, and reproduction is limited. Nevertheless, genetic diversity was high; based on 27 isozyme loci in 18 enzyme systems, unbiased expected heterozygosity averaged 0.174. Differentiation also was high (F(ST) = 0.152), reflecting isolation between southern, central, and northern fragments of the range. Among populations in the northern fragment, F(ST) was only 0.056, and the number of migrants per generation (Nm) was 4.21, which should preclude fixation. Nm between central and southern populations or between them and populations in the northern fragment was lower, 0.99-1.66, indicating a degree of genetic isolation. Multilocus outcrossing rates (t(m)) ranged from 0.836 in the south to 0.897 in the north. Therefore, selfing is low but statistically significant. The equilibrium inbreeding coefficient (F(e)) calculated from t(m) was in good agreement with observed inbreeding coefficients, suggesting that weeping pi?on may be near equilibrium with respect to inbreeding and selection against selfed trees. Weeping pi?on was variable at all loci polymorphic in maxipi?on (Pinus maximartinezii) and, therefore, qualifies as a possible progenitor of maxipi?on. Because of the high level of diversity, reasonable levels of gene flow within the northern fragment of weeping pi?on's range, high rates of outcrossing, and, perhaps, only weak selection against inbred trees, protection in reserves would be a viable option for conservation. 相似文献
76.
As opposed to the common, genetically complex types of migraine, there are a few rare monogenic migraine variants. The prototype is familial hemiplegic migraine (FHM), a severe subtype of migraine with aura, for which three causative genes (FHM1–3), all of which are involved in ion translocation in the CNS, have been identified. This review summarizes the current knowledge about the clinical symptomatology, (differential) diagnosis, treatment, genetics, and pathophysiology of FHM. Clinically and genetically overlapping disorders, such as episodic ataxia type 2 (EA-2), spinocerebellar ataxia type 6 (SCA-6) and alternating hemiplegia of childhood (AHC) are briefly discussed, and novel genes which have been occasionally associated with HM or migraine are critically evaluated. Finally, monogenic (vascular) syndromes, in which migraine is part of the phenotypic spectrum, are discussed. 相似文献
77.
Genetic conservation and management of the California endemic,Torrey pine (Pinus torreyana Parry): Implications of genetic rescue in a genetically depauperate species 下载免费PDF全文
Jill A. Hamilton Raphaël Royauté Jessica W. Wright Paul Hodgskiss F. Thomas Ledig 《Ecology and evolution》2017,7(18):7370-7381
Rare species present a challenge under changing environmental conditions as the genetic consequences of rarity may limit species ability to adapt to environmental change. To evaluate the evolutionary potential of a rare species, we assessed variation in traits important to plant fitness using multigenerational common garden experiments. Torrey pine, Pinus torreyana Parry, is one of the rarest pines in the world, restricted to one mainland and one island population. Morphological differentiation between island and mainland populations suggests adaptation to local environments may have contributed to trait variation. The distribution of phenotypic variances within the common garden suggests distinct population‐specific growth trajectories underlay genetic differences, with the island population exhibiting substantially reduced genetic variance for growth relative to the mainland population. Furthermore, F1 hybrids, representing a cross between mainland and island trees, exhibit increased height accumulation and fecundity relative to mainland and island parents. This may indicate genetic rescue via intraspecific hybridization could provide the necessary genetic variation to persist in environments modified as a result of climate change. Long‐term common garden experiments, such as these, provide invaluable resources to assess the distribution of genetic variance that may inform conservation strategies to preserve evolutionary potential of rare species, including genetic rescue. 相似文献
78.
This paper demonstrates the application of a design tool called BioTRIZ. Its developers claim that it can be used to access biological strategies for solving engineering problems. Our aim is to design a roof for hot climates that gets free cooling through radiant coupling with the sky. The insulation in a standard roof stops the sun and convection from warming the thermal mass. But it also restricts the mass's longwave view of the cool sky. Different solutions to this conflict are offered by BioTRIZ. The chosen solution is to replace the standard insulation component with an open cell honeycomb. The vertical cells would allow longwave radiation to pass, while arresting convection. The solutions offered by BioTRIZ's technological counterpart include no such changes in structure. It is estimated that the thermal mass in the biomimetic roof would remain on average 4.5℃ cooler than in a standard roof over a year in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. 相似文献
79.
80.
Aim Cycads constitute an ancient plant group that is generally believed to disperse poorly. However, one group of cycads (subsection Rumphiae) is thought to have dispersed relatively recently from a Malesian source area westwards to East Africa and eastwards into the Pacific, using a floatation‐facilitating layer in their seeds. We use morphological and allozyme characters to investigate the relationships among the species within this group and to deduce whether the wide distribution was achieved by recent dispersal (as evidenced by high genetic similarity) or more distant vicariance events (high genetic differentiation). Location We examined specimens collected throughout the range of subsection Rumphiae, from East Africa through Southeast Asia to Tonga in the South‐west Pacific. Methods We investigated relationships within subsection Rumphiae of the genus Cycas by analysing 18 variable (11 informative) morphological characters and 22 allozyme loci for seven of the 10 species currently assigned to this taxon. Results Distinctive morphological characters are few and fail to resolve relationships within the group. Allozyme data show that species within this subsection are closely related and suggest that there are two groups within the subsection, one comprising Cycas thouarsii (East Africa) and C. edentata (the Philippines), and the other the remaining species (from Malesia and the Pacific). The Australian species C. silvestris is sister to subsection Rumphiae in the morphological analysis but is closely allied to C. rumphii (nested within the subsection) in the allozyme analysis, suggesting that Rumphiae may be paraphyletic and that characters thought to be taxonomically important may need to be re‐evaluated. Main conclusions Cycads within subsection Rumphiae are closely related, and the wide distribution of this group was probably achieved through relatively recent oceanic dispersal events. Separate events probably account for the dispersal of these cycads into the Pacific and to Africa. The origin and distribution of C. silvestris (Australia) could be explained by a dispersal event from New Guinea or may have resulted from a former land connection between Australia and New Guinea. 相似文献