离子通道在肺动脉的分布及在低氧肺血管收缩反应中的作用

低氧性肺血管收缩反应（HPV）是指在急性低氧时,肺泡氧分压降到某一临界值,肺血管发生的快速、可逆的收缩反应,以纠正肺泡通气／灌流的不匹配。HPV的发生与肺动脉平滑肌细胞上K^＋、Ca^2＋、Cl^-通道的状态密切相关,而这些通道在不同部位的肺动脉上分布存在差异,因此不同部位的肺动脉在低氧中所表现的收缩反应程度也不同,本综述将对上述通道在肺动脉上的分布特点及其在HPV中的作用做一总结。     

废啤酒酵母吸附水溶液中Cu2+的性能及机理研究

用废啤酒酵母吸附水溶液中Cu2+,考察了溶液pH值、Cu2+浓度和吸附时间对Cu2+吸附的影响。结果表明：废啤酒酵母吸附Cu2+在4-6个小时内达到吸附平衡,酸性条件利于吸附,以pH为5时最佳,吸附等温曲线符合Langmuir模式。用电位滴定及FTIR分析的方法确定生物吸附剂主要含有磺酸基、羧基及氨基等功能团。生物吸附剂对Cu2+的吸附以单分子层的化学吸附为主,功能团在不同的pH条件下呈现不同的电离性能,在吸附过程中发挥重要作用。     

Argonaute亚族蛋白对人类肿瘤细胞周期的影响

Argonaute(Ago)家族蛋白与小的非编码RNAs(siRNAs, miRNAs, piRNAs)生物发生和细胞功能密切相关．它可以结合小RNAs,调控蛋白质的合成或影响mRNA的稳定性,即RNA干扰(RNAi),并且参与Piwi相关RNAs(piRNAs)的生成．人类Argonaute蛋白家族包括8个成员,对其中的4个(Ago1～Ago4)mRNAs进行了实时定量PCR(qRT-PCR)检测,其在许多细胞中共表达,与细胞生长紧密相关．针对人乳腺癌MCF7和子宫颈癌HeLa细胞系,通过下调Ago亚族蛋白表达量,研究其在细胞周期中的调控作用．MTT实验证明,Ago蛋白表达缺失导致细胞增殖活性显著下降(P < 0.01),生长受阻．进一步研究揭示,细胞周期在G0/G1期发生停滞,其中Ago1(P < 0.01)和Ago4(P < 0.05)的作用尤为明显,但并不引发凋亡．虽然具体调控机制尚不清晰,但在人类肿瘤细胞中Argonaute蛋白可直接或间接地参与细胞周期进程的调控．     

低温胁迫对辣子草水浸提液化感作用的影响

采用蚕豆根尖细胞微核技术,研究了低温胁迫下辣子草（Gatinsoga parviflora Cav．）水浸提液的化感作用。结果表明：常温条件下,辣子草水浸提液使蚕豆根尖细胞有丝分裂指数下降,微核率和畸变率增大;低温处理后辣子草水浸提液对有丝分裂指数表现为“低浓度促进,高浓度抑制”效应,但显著提高了微核率和畸变率。这说明低温胁迫改变了辣子草的化感作用。     

茶毛虫性引诱剂诱杀效果分析

20 0 2年在贵州省都匀茶场研究了茶毛虫性信息素引诱剂大面积诱杀茶毛虫的防治效果 ,并观察了不同浓度以及不同高度设置对诱蛾效果的影响。结果表明 :越冬代试验 2 0d ,诱杀成虫 42 60头 ,第1代试验 44d ,诱杀成虫 1 3 42 3头 ;防治后田间落卵量以及后代幼虫数分别比对照区减少 5 3 3 3 %和60 5 3 % ;诱蛾效果以浓度为 1 5mg 枚的诱芯效果最好 ,诱盆设置高度以 90cm左右为佳。     

Cbl enforces Vav1 dependence and a restricted pathway of T cell development

Extensive studies of pre-TCR- and TCR-dependent signaling have led to characterization of a pathway deemed essential for efficient T cell development, and comprised of a cascade of sequential events involving phosphorylation of Lck and ZAP-70, followed by phosphorylation of LAT and SLP-76, and subsequent additional downstream events. Of interest, however, reports from our lab as well as others have indicated that the requirements for ZAP-70, LAT, and SLP-76 are partially reversed by inactivation of c-Cbl (Cbl), an E3 ubiquitin ligase that targets multiple molecules for ubiquitination and degradation. Analysis of signaling events in these Cbl knockout models, including the recently reported analysis of SLP-76 transgenes defective in interaction with Vav1, suggested that activation of Vav1 might be a critical event in alternative pathways of T cell development. To extend the analysis of signaling requirements for thymic development, we have therefore assessed the effect of Cbl inactivation on the T cell developmental defects that occur in Vav1-deficient mice. The defects in Vav1-deficient thymic development, including a marked defect in DN3-DN4 transition, were completely reversed by Cbl inactivation, accompanied by enhanced phosphorylation of PLC-γ1 and ERKs in response to pre-TCR/TCR cross-linking of Vav1^-/-Cbl^-/- DP thymocytes. Taken together, these results suggest a substantially modified paradigm for pre-TCR/TCR signaling and T cell development. The observed consensus pathways of T cell development, including requirements for ZAP-70, LAT, SLP-76, and Vav1, appear to reflect the restriction by Cbl of an otherwise much broader set of molecular pathways capable of mediating T cell development.     

小麦耐盐突变体的分子生物学鉴定

利用Ｆ１花药培养、ＥＭＳ诱变和耐盐性反复筛选后已稳定９ 代的小麦耐盐突变体ＲＨ８７０６－ ４９、Ｈ８７０６－ ３４、Ｈ８７０６－ ４４、Ｈ８７０６－ ４８、Ｈ８７０６－ ５７ 及其亲本濮农３６６５、百农３０３９ 为材料,用生化标记（醇溶蛋白）及分子标记（ＲＡＰＤ）分析了各材料间的差异,发现突变体与亲本相比,不仅发生了蛋白质水平的变异,而且也在ＤＮＡ 水平上证明了突变的发生,从而为耐盐突变体的真实性提供了有力的证据,排除了盐适应的可能性; 经用２１８ 个引物对５ 个突变体之间的多态性进行ＲＡＰＤ分析,结果表明,它们之间的差异很小,其遗传背景相似,因而它们是一系列耐盐性不同的近似等位基因系     

斜胸叶蝉属一新种（同翅目：叶蝉总科：耳叶蝉科）

本文记述耳叶蝉科斜胸叶蝉属一新种:黄缘斜胸叶蝉Epiclinata flavomarinata sp.nov.。标本采自我国西藏。文中描述了新种的外部形态及雄性外生殖器构造特征,并与近似种进行比较,附有主要特征图。模式标本保存于中国科学院动物研究所。     

基因树冲突与系统发育基因组学研究

随着越来越多的基因序列被运用于系统发育重建中,随之产生的基因树冲突已成为分子系统发育研究中日益突出的问题.因此,在分子系统发育研究中,应正确理解基因树和物种树之间的差异,充分注意和分析基因树冲突的原因,正确解释分子系统发育的结果.本文通过一些典型实例分析了在多基因系统发育研究中引发基因树冲突的三类主要原因:随机误差、系统误差和生物学因素.在此基础上,对近年来兴起的系统发育基因组学进行了介绍,并以稻属Oryza研究为例,阐述了系统发育基因组学方法在解决基因树冲突以及系统发育研究中的优势和应用价值,并进一步探讨了解决基因树冲突的策略和方法,以期为分子系统发育研究提供一些肩示和帮助.     

Antigen-specific, MHC-restricted B cell activation by cell-free Th2 cell products. Synergy between antigen-specific helper factors and IL-4

Ag-specific and MHC-restricted Th clones of different Ag specificities and MHC haplotypes were tested for their ability to produce soluble factors capable of providing the signals required for B cell activation and IgG antibody production. Each of five Th clones tested generated significant helper activity in supernatants derived from coculture of the T cell clone with specific Ag and syngeneic APC. The same helper activity was detected in supernatants of clones stimulated with immobilized anti-CD3 antibody in the absence of Ag or APC. The secreted helper activity resembled the activity of the intact Th cells in that it was Ag-specific, carrier-hapten-linked and MHC-restricted. These T cell products functioned to activate only those B cells expressing MHC products which corresponded to the specificity of each Th clone. Thus, the specificity of the cell-free T cell product mimicked precisely that expressed by the intact Th cell and presumably mediated by the cell surface TcR. In addition to the apparent presence of specific helper factor in Th clone supernatants, a role for nonspecific lymphokines was also identified in these preparations. Although recombinant or purified IL-4 alone was not sufficient to stimulate hapten-primed B cells to secrete hapten-specific IgG antibodies, mAb specific for IL-4 blocked the induction of antibody secretion by Th cell supernatant. These results indicate that stimulation of B cells to produce hapten-specific IgG antibody requires at least two distinct signals: an Ag-specific T cell signal which is restricted by MHC products expressed on the B cells, and a nonspecific signal mediated at least in part by the lymphokine IL-4.