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71.
Structure and organization of the bovine beta-globin genes 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Genomic clones spanning the entire cow beta-globin gene locus have been
isolated and characterized. These clones demonstrate that the linkage of
embryonic-like (epsilon) genes and pseudogenes (psi) to the previously
described fetal (gamma) and adult (beta) genes is as follows: 5'-epsilon
3-epsilon 4-psi 3-beta-epsilon 1-epsilon 2-psi 1- psi 2-gamma-3'. Present
data indicate that, like that of the goat, the fetal and adult genes arose
via block duplication of an ancestral four- gene set:
epsilon-epsilon-psi-beta. This duplication event preceded the divergence of
cows and goats, which occurred greater than or equal to 18-20 Myr ago.
However, cows do not have the additional four-gene block containing a
preadult/stress globin gene (beta C). Furthermore, the cow fetal cluster
contains an extra beta-like pseudogene, which apparently arose by a
small-scale duplication. The fixation of this duplication may indicate a
possible evolutionary role for pseudogenes.
相似文献
72.
1. As part of a long-term study of the effects of elevated CO2 on biodiversity and ecosystem function in a calcareous grassland, we measured ecosystem carbon dioxide and water-vapour fluxes over 24-h periods during the 1994 and 1995 growing seasons. Data were used to derive CO2 and H2 O gas-exchange response functions to quantum flux density (QFD).
2. The relative increase in net ecosystem CO2 flux (NEC) owing to CO2 enrichment increased as QFD rose. Daytime NEC at high QFD under elevated CO2 increased by 25% to 60%, with the greatest increases in the spring and after mowing in June when above-ground biomass was lowest. There was much less stimulation of NEC in early June and again in October when the canopy was fully developed. Night-time NEC was not significantly altered under elevated CO2 .
3. Short-term reversal of CO2 concentrations between treatments after two seasons of CO2 exposure provided evidence for a 50% downward adjustment of NEC expressed per unit above-ground plant dry weight. However, when expressed on a land area basis, this difference disappeared because of a c. 20% increase in above-ground biomass under elevated CO2 .
4. Ecosystem evapotranspiration (ET) was not significantly altered by elevated CO2 when averaged over all measurement dates and positions. However, ET was reduced 3–18% at high QFD in plots at the top of the slope at our study site. In summary, CO2 enrichment resulted in a large stimulation of ecosystem CO2 capture, especially during periods of a large demand of carbon in relationship to its supply, and resulted in a relatively small and variable effect on ecosystem water consumption. 相似文献
2. The relative increase in net ecosystem CO
3. Short-term reversal of CO
4. Ecosystem evapotranspiration (ET) was not significantly altered by elevated CO
73.
Potato plants (Solanum tuberosum L.) were grown in water culturein a controlled environment. The growth rates of individualtubers were closely reflected by their 14C-content 20 h after14CO2 had been applied to the aerial parts of the shoot for4 h. The 14C-content of the tuber (sink strength) was significantlycorrelated to the 14C-concentration of the tuber tissue (14Cg1 fr. wt.=sink activity). The sink activity, which differedbetween individual tubers by up to a factor of 10, was alsoclosely related to the conversion rates of 14C into the starchand the remainder as well as to the 14C-content in the ethanolsoluble fraction. This indicates the simultaneous use of photosynthatefor growth and storage in the growing tubers. No preferenceof photosynthate utilization for either of these processes couldbe detected in relation to the sink activity of the tubers.Tubers with high sink activity imported 14C-labelled photosynthateat higher rates although their tissue contained higher concentrationsof reducing sugars and sucrose than the tissue of tubers withlow sink activity. Despite the close relationship between sinkactivity and the rate of starch synthesis (14C-conversion intostarch), no significant correlation was found between sink activityand the actual starch concentration of the tissue. The applicationof zeatin riboside directly onto individual tubers increasedtheir growth rates in comparison to non-treated tubers of thesame plant. The results indicate the importance of both growthand storage processes for the regulation of sink activity inyoung potato tubers. Key words: Potato tuber, 14C-photosynthate partitioning, zeatin riboside application 相似文献
74.
C. H. Hocart J. Badenoch-Jones C. W. Parker D. S. Letham R. E. Summons 《Journal of Plant Growth Regulation》1988,7(3):179-196
The endogenous cytokinins present in dryZea mays seed were determined using both radioimmunoassay and gas chromatography—mass spectrometry. Similar values for bases and ribosides were obtained by the two methods. The cytokinins present in embryo and endosperm were estimated separately using radioimmunoassay; similar levels of cytokinins were found in these two tissues. The major cytokinins detected on a whole-seed basis were dihydrozeatin riboside, O-glucosyldihydrozeatin riboside, zeatin 9-glucoside, zeatin, and the nucleotides of zeatin, dihydrozeatin, and isopentenyladenine. Cytokinin levels in the mature dry seed were considerably lower than cytokinin levels published in the literature for immature seed. Unexpected activity in the radioimmunoassays was detected in the wash from the DEAE cellulose column chromatography step. The compound(s) responsible for this activity did not have the solvent partitioning characteristics of a cytokinin base or riboside. They eluted as a single fraction following high-performance liquid chromatography on a Zorbax C8 column; this fraction showed no activity in theAmaranthus bioassay for cytokinins, but inhibited the activity of authentic zeatin riboside present at an optimal concentration. 相似文献
75.
76.
Summary A novel nickel resistant, hyperaccumulatingN.crassa nir-2 mutant, isolated by us, sequestered 90% of Ni2+ from medium with 120 mg/l Ni2+. The parent wild strain showed comparable efficiency only at much lower concentrations (<10mg/l). The initial rapid rate and efficiency of Ni2+ removal could be maintained beyond 2 h by fresh addition of mycelial biomass. The results have been discussed from the stand point of the utility of metal resistant fungi in the control of environmental pollution. 相似文献
77.
78.
79.
Towards the mechanism of cellulose synthesis 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
Recent research has provided insights into how plants make cellulose - the major structural material of their cell walls and the basis of the cotton and wood fibre industries. Arabidopsis thaliana mutants impaired in cellulose production are defective in genes encoding membrane-bound glycosyltransferases, an endo-1,4-beta-glucanase and several enzymes involved in the N-glycosylation and quality-control pathways of the endoplasmic reticulum. The glycosyltransferases form the rosette terminal complexes seen in plasma membranes making cellulose. Synthesis might start by making lipoglucans, which, in turn, might form the substrate for the endo-1,4-beta-glucanase, before being elongated to form the long, crystalline microfibrils that assemble in the cell wall. 相似文献
80.
Chuti Laowtammathron Eric CH Cheng Pei-Hsun Cheng Brooke R Snyder Shang-Hsun Yang Zach Johnson Chanchao Lorthongpanich Hung-Chih Kuo Rangsun Parnpai Anthony WS Chan 《BMC cell biology》2010,11(1):12