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941.
Four varieties of fracture, of dislocation, or of fracture dislocation of the hip are described that occur in car occupants after road accidents. It is suggested that, whereas most hip injuries to car occupants are produced by application of force to the knee, one important variety (central fracture dislocation) is the result of the direct application of force to the great trochanter. Central fracture dislocations might be prevented, or their severity minimized, by strengthening the sides of cars and of car doors and by improving the energy absorption characteristics of the facia panel. 相似文献
942.
Background
Rates of molecular evolution in different lineages can vary widely, and some of this variation might be predictable from aspects of species' biology. Investigating such predictable rate variation can help us to understand the causes of molecular evolution, and could also help to improve molecular dating methods. Here we present a comprehensive study of the life history correlates of substitution rate variation across the mammals, comparing results for mitochondrial and nuclear loci, and for synonymous and non-synonymous sites. We use phylogenetic comparative methods, refined to take into account the special nature of substitution rate data. Particular attention is paid to the widespread correlations between the components of mammalian life history, which can complicate the interpretation of results. 相似文献943.
Junsheng Ma Francesco C. Stingo Brian P. Hobbs 《Biometrical journal. Biometrische Zeitschrift》2019,61(4):902-917
The evolution of “informatics” technologies has the potential to generate massive databases, but the extent to which personalized medicine may be effectuated depends on the extent to which these rich databases may be utilized to advance understanding of the disease molecular profiles and ultimately integrated for treatment selection, necessitating robust methodology for dimension reduction. Yet, statistical methods proposed to address challenges arising with the high‐dimensionality of omics‐type data predominately rely on linear models and emphasize associations deriving from prognostic biomarkers. Existing methods are often limited for discovering predictive biomarkers that interact with treatment and fail to elucidate the predictive power of their resultant selection rules. In this article, we present a Bayesian predictive method for personalized treatment selection that is devised to integrate both the treatment predictive and disease prognostic characteristics of a particular patient's disease. The method appropriately characterizes the structural constraints inherent to prognostic and predictive biomarkers, and hence properly utilizes these complementary sources of information for treatment selection. The methodology is illustrated through a case study of lower grade glioma. Theoretical considerations are explored to demonstrate the manner in which treatment selection is impacted by prognostic features. Additionally, simulations based on an actual leukemia study are provided to ascertain the method's performance with respect to selection rules derived from competing methods. 相似文献
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Debra Van Egeren Javier Escabi Maximilian Nguyen Shichen Liu Christopher R. Reilly Sachin Patel Baransel Kamaz Maria Kalyva Daniel J. DeAngelo Ilene Galinsky Martha Wadleigh Eric S. Winer Marlise R. Luskin Richard M. Stone Jacqueline S. Garcia Gabriela S. Hobbs Fernando D. Camargo Franziska Michor Sahand Hormoz 《Cell Stem Cell》2021,28(3):514-523.e9
946.
R. Colby Layton Trevor Brasel Andrew Gigliotti Edward Barr Steven Storch Leslie Myers Charles Hobbs Frederick Koster 《Journal of medical primatology》2011,40(1):6-17
Background Primary pneumonic plague is rare among humans, but treatment efficacy may be tested in appropriate animal models under the FDA ‘Animal Rule’. Methods Ten African Green monkeys (AGMs) inhaled 44–255 LD50 doses of aerosolized Yersinia pestis strain CO92. Continuous telemetry, arterial blood gases, chest radiography, blood culture, and clinical pathology monitored disease progression. Results Onset of fever, >39°C detected by continuous telemetry, 52–80 hours post‐exposure was the first sign of systemic disease and provides a distinct signal for treatment initiation. Secondary endpoints of disease severity include tachypnea measured by telemetry, bacteremia, extent of pneumonia imaged by chest x‐ray, and serum lactate dehydrogenase enzyme levels. Conclusions Inhaled Y. pestis in the AGM results in a rapidly progressive and uniformly fatal disease with fever and multifocal pneumonia, serving as a rigorous test model for antibiotic efficacy studies. 相似文献
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An integrated modeling approach is used to link land use to river discharge, and then to survival of larval walleye that hatch
in northern Ohio streams draining into Lake Erie (USA). First, to link land use and river discharge, the parameters of a simple
hydrologic model are statistically related to watershed landscape attributes, including forest cover. One such relationship
allows estimation of the change in daily river discharge that could result from a reduction in basin-scale forest cover. Second,
to represent the river discharge-larval survival link, we reexamine a dataset from Mion and others to propose a relationship
between daily flow velocity, water temperature, and walleye larval survival. Together, these linked models provide estimates
of the reduction in larval survival due to reduction in forest cover, along with the uncertainty of those estimates. For the
Grand River watershed, decreasing forest cover from 45.2 to 30% is projected to reduce average larval survival by about 45%.
In the adjacent Chagrin River, dropping cover from 62.5 to 30% reduces survival by almost 60%. The greater rate of reduction
of survival in the Chagrin River as forest levels fall is explained by a relatively greater increase in storm flows for the
Chagrin, due to more frequently saturated soils. Therefore, forest preservation in the Chagrin River watershed is projected
to be more effective in preserving walleye larval tributary habitat. 相似文献