全文获取类型
收费全文 | 14676篇 |
免费 | 1243篇 |
国内免费 | 23篇 |
专业分类
15942篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 62篇 |
2022年 | 173篇 |
2021年 | 254篇 |
2020年 | 176篇 |
2019年 | 226篇 |
2018年 | 350篇 |
2017年 | 317篇 |
2016年 | 449篇 |
2015年 | 795篇 |
2014年 | 812篇 |
2013年 | 998篇 |
2012年 | 1197篇 |
2011年 | 1101篇 |
2010年 | 714篇 |
2009年 | 666篇 |
2008年 | 886篇 |
2007年 | 814篇 |
2006年 | 753篇 |
2005年 | 672篇 |
2004年 | 651篇 |
2003年 | 570篇 |
2002年 | 574篇 |
2001年 | 283篇 |
2000年 | 235篇 |
1999年 | 192篇 |
1998年 | 133篇 |
1997年 | 98篇 |
1996年 | 77篇 |
1995年 | 97篇 |
1994年 | 62篇 |
1993年 | 69篇 |
1992年 | 112篇 |
1991年 | 101篇 |
1990年 | 98篇 |
1989年 | 109篇 |
1988年 | 100篇 |
1987年 | 94篇 |
1986年 | 82篇 |
1985年 | 95篇 |
1984年 | 63篇 |
1983年 | 53篇 |
1982年 | 44篇 |
1980年 | 42篇 |
1979年 | 62篇 |
1978年 | 49篇 |
1977年 | 33篇 |
1976年 | 49篇 |
1975年 | 38篇 |
1974年 | 42篇 |
1973年 | 31篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
81.
Mitigation of ammonia inhibition by internal dilution in high‐rate anaerobic digestion of food waste leachate and evidences of microbial community response 下载免费PDF全文
82.
83.
The long-lived, light-induced radical YD• of the Tyr161 residue in the D2 protein of Photosystem II (PSII) is known to magnetically interact with the CaMn4 cluster, situated ∼ 30 Å away. In this study we report a transient step-change increase in YD• EPR intensity upon the application of a single laser flash to S1 state-synchronised PSII-enriched membranes from spinach. This transient effect was observed at room temperature and high applied microwave power (100 mW) in samples containing PpBQ, as well as those containing DCMU. The subsequent decay lifetimes were found to differ depending on the additive used. We propose that this flash-induced signal increase was caused by enhanced spin relaxation of YD• by the OEC in the S2 state, as a consequence of the single laser flash turnover. The post-flash decay reflected S2 → S1 back-turnover, as confirmed by their correlations with independent measurements of S2 multiline EPR signal and flash-induced variable fluorescence decay kinetics under corresponding experimental conditions. This flash-induced effect opens up the possibility to study the kinetic behaviour of S-state transitions at room temperature using YD• as a probe. 相似文献
84.
85.
Tae-Joon Park Jeong-Hyun Kim Ho Jin Kim Joon Seol Bae Hyun Sub Cheong Byung Lae Park Hyoung Doo Shin 《Gene》2014
Multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica (NMO) are demyelinating autoimmune inflammatory diseases that affect the central nervous system (CNS). Previous genome-wide or candidate gene studies have suggested that genetic variants might be associated with the risk of MS or NMO. Aquaporin 4 (AQP4) is a commonly distributed water channel in astrocytes of the CNS, and its expression is decreased in NMO lesions due to astrocyte cytotoxicity. Previous studies have suggested the associations of AQP4 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with MS and/or NMO. However, there have been few replication studies in various ethnic populations. This study, as the first of its kind performed in an Asian population, investigated associations of AQP4 SNPs with the risk of inflammatory demyelinating disease (IDD), including MS and NMO, in a Korean population. A total of seven common AQP4 SNPs were selected based on status of linkage disequilibrium (LD), and then genotyped in 178 IDD cases (79 MS and 99 NMO patients) and 237 normal controls. Statistical analyses showed no significant associations between AQP4 SNPs/haplotypes and development of IDD, including MS and NMO (P > 0.05). Further replications in larger cohorts and other ethnic groups are needed. 相似文献
86.
Xun Wang Nora Fung-Yee Tam Shi Fu Aray Ametkhan Yun Ouyang Zhihong Ye 《Annals of botany》2014,114(2):271-278
Background and Aims
Mercury (Hg) is an extremely toxic pollutant, especially in the form of methylmercury (MeHg), whereas selenium (Se) is an essential trace element in the human diet. This study aimed to ascertain whether addition of Se can produce rice with enriched Se and lowered Hg content when growing in Hg-contaminated paddy fields and, if so, to determine the possible mechanisms behind these effects.Methods
Two cultivars of rice (Oryza sativa, japonica and indica) were grown in either hydroponic solutions or soil rhizobags with different Se and Hg treatments. Concentrations of total Hg, MeHg and Se were determined in the roots, shoots and brown rice, together with Hg uptake kinetics and Hg bioavailability in the soil. Root anatonmy was also studied.Key Results
The high Se treatment (5 μg g–1) significantly increased brown rice yield by 48 % and total Se content by 2·8-fold, and decreased total Hg and MeHg by 47 and 55 %, respectively, compared with the control treatments. The high Se treatment also markedly reduced ‘water-soluble’ Hg and MeHg concentrations in the rhizosphere soil, decreased the uptake capacity of Hg by roots and enhanced the development of apoplastic barriers in the root endodermis.Conclusions
Addition of Se to Hg-contaminated soil can help produce brown rice that is simultaneously enriched in Se and contains less total Hg and MeHg. The lowered accumulation of total Hg and MeHg appears to be the result of reduced bioavailability of Hg and production of MeHg in the rhizosphere, suppression of uptake of Hg into the root cells and an enhancement of the development of apoplastic barriers in the endodermis of the roots. 相似文献87.
Wan-Ji Lee You-jin Kim Dae-Won Kim Han Saem Lee Ho Yeon Lee Kisoon Kim 《Journal of virology》2012,86(24):13810-13811
The complete genome sequence of human respiratory syncytial virus genotype A (HRSV-A) with a 72-nucleotide duplication in the C-terminal part of the attachment protein G gene was determined and analyzed. The genome was 15,277 bp in length, and 0.46 to 6.03% variations were identified at the nucleotide level compared with the previously reported complete genome of HRSV-A. Characterization of the genome will improve understanding of the diversity of the HRSV-A major antigens and enable an in-depth analysis of its genetics. 相似文献
88.
Young Ho Lee Sang-Cheol Bae Sung Jae Choi Jong Dae Ji Gwan Gyu Song 《Molecular biology reports》2012,39(12):10671-10679
The aim of this study was to explore whether FAS ?670?A/G and ?1,377?G/A polymorphisms confer susceptibility to autoimmune rheumatic diseases. A meta-analysis was conducted on the associations between the FAS ?670?A/G and ?1,377?G/A polymorphisms and autoimmune rheumatic diseases using allele contrast, a recessive model, a dominant model, and an additive model. Thirteen articles with 21 comparison studies (16 on FAS ?670?A/G and 5 on ?1,377?G/A polymorphisms) including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), four systemic sclerosis, four Sjogren’s syndrome, three rheumatoid arthritis (RA), one juvenile idiopathic arthritis, and one spondyloarthropathy were available for the meta-analysis. Meta-analysis revealed an association between rheumatic diseases and the FAS ?670?A/G polymorphism in the dominant model (odds ratio [OR]?=?0.761, 95?% confidence interval [CI]?=?0.621–0.932, p?=?0.008]. Stratification by ethnicity indicated an association between the FAS ?670?G allele carrier and rheumatic diseases in Asian (OR?=?0.569, 95?% CI?=?0.409–0.791, p?=?0.001). Furthermore, stratification by disease indicated an association between the FAS ?670?G allele carrier and SLE and RA (OR?=?0.578, 95?% CI?=?0.358–0.934, p?=?0.025; OR?=?0.609, 95?% CI?=?0.398–0.934, p?=?0.023, respectively). The FAS ?670?G allele was negatively associated with SLE susceptibility. Meta-analysis of the FAS ?1,377?G/A polymorphism stratified by disease showed an association between the FAS ?1,377 A allele and SLE (OR?=?0.783, 95?% CI?=?0.613–0.997, p?=?0.047). Meta-analyses using the dominant model also showed a significant association in SLE (OR?=?0.712, 95?% CI?=?0.528–0.961, p?=?0.027). This meta-analysis demonstrates that the FAS ?670?A/G polymorphism confers susceptibility to rheumatic diseases in Asians and SLE and RA, and the FAS ?1,377?G/A polymorphism is associated with SLE susceptibility. 相似文献
89.
90.