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41.
Kenji Kato Su-wan Oh Hiroyuki Yamamoto Takayuki Hanazato Ikuko Yasuda Akira Otuki Masayuki Takahashi 《Ecological Research》1992,7(3):267-276
In order to understand the control mechanisms of a large, stable bacterial standing stock, enclosure experiments were conducted
in a eutrophic lake, where both bacterial productivity and grazing pressure were very high. Total bacterial number in the
different enclosures ranged from 1.2 to 2.7×107 cells mL−1 throughout the experiment. The average bacterial cell production rate estimated from a grazer eliminating experiment was
6.3×105 cells mL−1 h−1. Difference in the bacterial cell production rate between shaded and unshaded enclosures was not apparent. Bacteria showed
a reduction in standing stock of only about 25–30% even after the supply of light was cut to 1%. Bacteria in the shaded enclosures
then recovered their production rate in the first 12 days of perturbation. Grazing pressure in the shaded enclosures was not
less than that for the control. Thus, it was considered a control mechanism of bacterial stable standing stock that the bacteria
shifted their organic substrate from extracellular dissolved organic carbon freshly released from phytoplankton to that already
stocked in the water column, though it is not known whether the dominant bacteria were the same. 相似文献
42.
Acute pulmonary alveolar hypoxia increases lung and plasma endothelin-1 levels in conscious rats. 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
G Shirakami K Nakao Y Saito T Magaribuchi M Jougasaki M Mukoyama H Arai K Hosoda S Suga Y Ogawa 《Life sciences》1991,48(10):969-976
To investigate the effect of pulmonary alveolar hypoxia on the synthesis and release of endothelin (ET)-1, ET-1-like immunoreactivity (-LI) levels of the lung and plasma were measured in conscious unrestrained rats under hypoxic conditions. Sixty-min exposure to alveolar hypoxia (10% O2 or 5% O2) increased the ET-1-LI level in the lung. The plasma ET-1-LI level in hypoxic rats also increased significantly. The increase of plasma and lung ET-1-LI levels were parallel to the severity of hypoxia. These results demonstrates that acute pulmonary alveolar hypoxia increases lung and plasma ET-1-LI levels in conscious unrestrained rats, suggesting a possible physiological or pathophysiological significance of ET in alveolar hypoxia. 相似文献
43.
Summary We have isolated Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutants, smp, showing stable maintenance of plasmid pSRI, a Zygosaccharomyces rouxii plasmid. The smp mutants were recessive and were classified into at least three different complementation groups. The three mutants also showed increased stability of YRp plasmids and the mutations are additive for plasmid stability. One mutation, smp1, confers a respiration-deficient (rho
0) phenotype and several Rho– mutants independently isolated by ethidium bromide treatment of the same yeast strain also showed increased stabilities of pSR1 and YRp plasmids. The wild-type S. cerevisiae cells showed a strongly biased distribution of pSR1 molecules as well as YRp plasmids to the mother cells at mitosis, while the smpf mutant did not show this bias. Another mutation, smp3, at a locus linked to ade2 on chromosome XV, confers temperature-sensitive growth. The SMP3 gene encodes a 59.9 kDa hydrophobic protein and disruption of the gene is lethal. 相似文献
44.
Hiroyuki Uno Yumiko Ohno Tsuneo Yamada Kensaku Miyamoto 《Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology》1991,169(2):231-239
Summary The responses of neurons in field L in the auditory neostriatum of the mynah bird, Gracula religiosa, were recorded during presentation of intact or manipulated mimic voices. A typical mimic voice konnichiwa elicited responses in most of the neurons. Neurons in the input layer (L2) of field L showed many peaks on peristimulus time histograms while those in other layers (L1 and L3) exhibited only one or two peaks. Several neurons in L1 and L3 responded only to the affricative consonant /t/ in the intact mimic voices. They did not respond to the affricative consonant in the isolated segment or to the one in the playbacked voice in reverse. Forty-five percent of the neurons (33/ 73) decreased in firing rates at the affricative consonant in the isolated segment compared with in the intact voice. Some of these neurons, in which neither the affricative consonant in the isolated segment nor bursts of noise alone elicited responses, exhibited clear phasic responses to /t/ in the case when bursts of noise with particular central frequencies preceded the affricative consonant. The responsiveness of these neurons appears to receive temporal facilitation. These results suggest that these neurons code the temporal relationship of speech sound.Abbreviations
HVc
hyperstriatum ventrale, pars caudale
-
TFN
temporally facilitated neuron
-
TSN
temporally suppressed neuron 相似文献
45.
Expression of sodium pump activities in BALB/c 3T3 cells transfected with cDNA encoding alpha 3-subunits of rat brain Na+,K+-ATPase 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
The cDNAs encoding alpha 3-subunits of rat brain Na+,K+-ATPase and the neomycin resistance gene were incorporated into BALB/c 3T3 cells by the co-transfection method. Stably transformed cells were selected with 300 micrograms/ml of neomycin (G-418) for 6 weeks. Northern blot analysis using the 3'-non-translated region of the cDNA as a probe revealed that the alpha 3 mRNA appeared in transfected cells. Na+,K+-ATPase activity of the transfected cells was twice that of wild-type cells. Regarding ouabain sensitivity, the Na+,K+-ATPase showed two Ki values for ouabain (8 x 10(-8) and 4.5 x 10(-5) M) in transfected cells while wild-type cells displayed only the higher value. Ouabain sensitivity of Rb+ uptake also demonstrated two Ki values in the transfected cells (8 x 10(-8) and 4 x 10(-5) M) and a Ki in wild-type cells of 4 x 10(-5) M. It is concluded that alpha 3 is a highly ouabain-sensitive catalytic subunit of Na+,K+-ATPase. It is also suggested that ouabain sensitivity is exclusively determined by the properties of the alpha-subunit rather than the beta-subunit. This is the first report on the catalytic characteristics of the alpha 3 isoform of Na+,K+-ATPase. 相似文献
46.
Highly purified sarcolemmal membranes, prepared from fresh bovine heart left ventricle, were solubilized by n-octyl beta-D-glucopyranoside and reconstituted into proteoliposomes with soybean phospholipids by the detergent-dialysis method. Ca2+ flux into the proteoliposomes was determined using the fluorescent probe Quin2. A membrane potential (negative in the proteoliposome interior) that was created by K+ diffusion mediated by valinomycin accelerated the Ca2+ influx. The voltage-dependent Ca2+ influx was dependent on pretreatment of the sarcolemmal membranes with Bay K 8644 and was inhibited by various calcium antagonists including nicardipine (K0.5 = 4.5.10(-7) M), verapamil (K0.5 = 9.2.10(-9) M), diltiazem (K0.5 = 26.10(-8) M) and omega-conotoxin (K0.5 = 9.5.10(-9) M). 相似文献
47.
Temperature effect of the photocyle of sensory rhodopsin (sR) was studied by nanosecond spectroscopy. Though the formation yield of sRM (sR370) was sharply decreased with temperature, those of sRK (sR680) and sRL were insensitive to temperature changes. These results show the existence of the branching process back to sR from sRL. The absorption maxima for sRK and sRL were 595 ± 5 and 555 ± 15 nm, respectively. 相似文献
48.
Tadashi Noto Hiromichi Hashimoto Junji Nakao Hiroshi Kamimura Teruo Nakajima 《Journal of neurochemistry》1986,46(6):1877-1880
The spontaneous release of [3H] gamma-aminobutyric acid ([3H]GABA) in various areas of rat brain injected with [3H]putrescine was examined using a push-pull perfusion technique. The release in a 25-min perfusate was highest in the caudate-putamen. The effect of high K+ stimulation on the release of [3H]GABA formed from [3H]putrescine was examined in the caudate-putamen. The release was enhanced by high K+ solution in a Ca2+-dependent manner. 相似文献
49.
Takeshi Murakami Hiroyuki Anzai Satoshi Imai Atsuyuki Satoh Kozo Nagaoka Charles J. Thompson 《Molecular & general genetics : MGG》1986,205(1):42-53
Summary We have isolated and studied the organization ofStreptomyces hygroscopicus genes responsible for the biosynthesis of the antibiotic herbicide bialaphos. Bialaphos production genes were cloned from
genomic DNA using a plasmid vector (pIJ702). Three plasmids were isolated which restored productivity toS. hygroscopicus mutants blocked at different steps of the biosynthetic pathway. Subcloning experiments using other nonproducing mutants showed
that four additional bialaphos production genes were also contained on these plasmids. A gene conferring resistance to bialaphos,
which was independently cloned using the plasmid vector pIJ61, and an antibiotic-sensitive host (S. lividans), was also linked to the production genes. Cosmids were isolated which defined the location of these genes in a 16 kb cluster. 相似文献
50.
Changes in lipoxygenase (LOX) activity were followed duringthe germination of rice seeds. The enzyme activity of 3-day-oldseedlings was 20 times higher than that of ungerminated seeds.Sixty per cent of the increased activity was found in shoots.The increase in LOX activity was mainly due to an increase inlipoxygenase-2 (LOX-2), a minor component in ungerminated seeds;this increase was inhibited by cycloheximide. LOX-2 was isolatedfrom the 3-day-old seedlings and compared for its enzymologicalproperties with rice lipoxygenase-3 (LOX-3), a major componentin ungerminated seeds. Both LOX-2 and LOX-3 were stable at pH5 to 8, but LOX-2 was more heatstable than LOX-3. Apparent Kmvalues of LOX-2 and LOX-3 for linoleic acid were 170 and 59µM, and those for linolenic acid were 5,300 and 88 µM,respectively. Both LOXs were inhibited by some metal ions andantioxidants. (Received February 5, 1986; Accepted May 9, 1986) 相似文献