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81.
Monostroma latissimum (Kuetzing) Wittrock is a monostromatic green alga of commercial importance in Japan. Here we report the serendipitous discovery of asexually reproducing specimens collected from Usa, on the Pacific coast of Kochi Prefecture, south-western Japan. Zoids were found to be biflagellate and negatively phototactic. Germination of settled zoids was observed to follow erect-filamentous ontogeny similar to that of the previously reported sexual strain. Moreover, the newly discovered asexual strain had identical sequences of nuclear encoded ITS (Internal Transcribed Spacer) region to that of the sexual strain. On the basis of this finding, we postulate that the ITS sequences may have been maintained in these conspecific strains despite the evolution in sexuality. Relationships were investigated among M. latissimum and other monostromatic taxa within the class Ulvophyceae using ITS sequences in order to understand relative phylogenetic position of this species. 相似文献
82.
Evaluation of the toxicity of stress-related aldehydes to photosynthesis in chloroplasts 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Aldehydes produced under various environmental stresses can cause cellular injury in plants, but their toxicology in photosynthesis
has been scarcely investigated. We here evaluated their effects on photosynthetic reactions in chloroplasts isolated from
Spinacia oleracea L. leaves. Aldehydes that are known to stem from lipid peroxides inactivated the CO2 photoreduction to various extents, while their corresponding alcohols and carboxylic acids did not affect photosynthesis.
α,β-Unsaturated aldehydes (2-alkenals) showed greater inactivation than the saturated aliphatic aldehydes. The oxygenated short
aldehydes malondialdehyde, methylglyoxal, glycolaldehyde and glyceraldehyde showed only weak toxicity to photosynthesis. Among
tested 2-alkenals, 2-propenal (acrolein) was the most toxic, and then followed 4-hydroxy-(E)-2-nonenal and (E)-2-hexenal. While the CO2-photoreduction was inactivated, envelope intactness and photosynthetic electron transport activity (H2O → ferredoxin) were only slightly affected. In the acrolein-treated chloroplasts, the Calvin cycle enzymes phosphoribulokinase,
glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, fructose-1,6-bisphophatase, sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphatase, aldolase, and Rubisco
were irreversibly inactivated. Acrolein treatment caused a rapid drop of the glutathione pool, prior to the inactivation of
photosynthesis. GSH exogenously added to chloroplasts suppressed the acrolein-induced inactivation of photosynthesis, but
ascorbic acid did not show such a protective effect. Thus, lipid peroxide-derived 2-alkenals can inhibit photosynthesis by
depleting GSH in chloroplasts and then inactivating multiple enzymes in the Calvin cycle. 相似文献
83.
New species of freshwater Ulva, Ulva limnetica (Ulvales, Ulvophyceae) from the Ryukyu Islands, Japan
Kensuke Ichihara Shogo Arai Masayuki Uchimura Etienne J. Fay Hiroki Ebata Masanori Hiraoka Satoshi Shimada 《Phycological Research》2009,57(2):94-103
Ulva limnetica Ichihara et Shimada, sp. nov. (Ulvales, Ulvophyceae) is described from the Ryukyu Islands, Japan, and is characterized by thalli that are: (i) branched, tubular, fragile and wrinkled; (ii) up to 80 cm in height and up to 2 cm in diameter; (iii) light to yellowish green in color; and (iv) having an asexual reproduction by means of quadriflagellate swarmers. Rhizoidal cells bear tubular extensions on the outside of the cell layer in the stipe. Ulva limnetica is distinguished from species with similar thalli by chloroplast disposition, branching pattern, number of pyrenoids per cell and gross morphology. It is also distinguished by sequences of the nuclear-encoded 18S ribosomal RNA gene, internal transcribed spacer 2 region and the plastid-encoded large subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxgenase gene ( rbc L). Ulva limnetica was clustered with other Ulva species in an early diverging lineage within the genus. 相似文献
84.
Takashi Ushiki Shinae Kizaka-Kondoh Eishi Ashihara Shotaro Tanaka Masayoshi Masuko Hideyo Hirai Shinya Kimura Yoshifusa Aizawa Taira Maekawa Masahiro Hiraoka 《PloS one》2010,5(6)
Background
Many diseases associated with bone marrow transplantation (BMT) are caused by transplanted hematopoietic cells, and the onset of these diseases occurs after homing of donor cells in the initial phase after BMT. Noninvasive observation of donor cell homing shortly after transplantation is potentially valuable for improving therapeutic outcomes of BMT by diagnosing the early stages of these diseases.Methodology/Principal Findings
Freshly harvested near-infrared fluorescence-labeled cells were noninvasively observed for 24 h after BMT using a photon counting device to track their homing process. In a congenic BMT model, the homing of Alexa Fluor 750-labeled donor cells in the tibia was detected less than 1 h after BMT. In addition, subsequent cell distribution in an intraBM BMT model was successfully monitored for the first time using this method. In the allogeneic BMT model, T-cell depletion decreased the near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) signals of the reticuloendothelial system.Conclusions/Significance
This approach in several murine BMT models revealed that the transplanted cells homed within 24 h after transplantation. NIRF labeling is useful for tracking transplanted cells in the initial phase after BMT, and this approach can contribute to in vivo studies aimed at improving the therapeutic outcomes of BMT. 相似文献85.
Komasa M Fujishima K Hiraoka K Shinhara A Lee BS Tomita M Kanai A 《Journal of biochemistry》2011,150(3):289-294
We have developed a screening system for artificial small RNAs (sRNAs) that inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli. In this system, we used a plasmid library to express artificial sRNAs (approximately 200 bases long) containing 60 bases of random nucleotide sequence. The induced expression of the known rydB sRNA in the system reduced the amount of its possible target mRNA, rpoS, supporting the reliability of the method. To isolate clones of sRNAs that inhibited the growth of E. coli, we used two successive screening steps: (i) colony size selection on plates and (ii) monitoring E. coli growth in a 96-well plate format. As a result, 83 artificial sRNAs were identified that showed a range of inhibitory effects on bacterial growth. We also introduced nucleotide replacements into one of the highly inhibitory sRNA clones, H12, which partially abolished the inhibition of bacterial growth, suggesting that bacterial growth was inhibited in a sequence-specific manner. 相似文献
86.
Shin‐Ichi Kudo Yoshinobu Akagi Shuichiro Hiraoka Tsutomu Tanabe Gen Morimoto 《Ethology : formerly Zeitschrift fur Tierpsychologie》2011,117(1):19-27
The evolution of exclusive male parental care is a major and controversial issue in behavioural ecology. Although arthropods practicing paternal care are thought to be key taxa for investigating this issue, few studies have attempted to clarify the selection factors associated with male behaviour and fitness consequences in arthropods. In the millipede Brachycybe nodulosa, males curl their bodies around egg masses on the undersides of decaying logs. Male‐removal experiments in the laboratory strongly suggest that males defend the eggs against fungal infection. Orphaned eggs were soon covered by hyphae and no eggs hatched, whereas almost all eggs brooded by males successfully hatched. The egg‐brooding males showed no aggressive responses when disturbed. Only some mature males bred in the field. Furthermore, the number of eggs brooded varied greatly among the males. Selected generalized linear models revealed that males with a wide seventh body segment, which possesses gonopods (genital legs), tended to succeed in brooding; and males with a wider body also obtained more eggs. Colony attributes had no significant effects on male brooding. We discuss the possible sexual selection mechanisms that could accomplish this pattern of brooding success among male B. nodulosa. 相似文献
87.
Tsuboi S Sutoh M Hatakeyama S Hiraoka N Habuchi T Horikawa Y Hashimoto Y Yoneyama T Mori K Koie T Nakamura T Saitoh H Yamaya K Funyu T Fukuda M Ohyama C 《The EMBO journal》2011,30(15):3173-3185
The O-glycan branching enzyme, core2 β-1,6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (C2GnT), forms O-glycans containing an N-acetylglucosamine branch connected to N-acetylgalactosamine (core2 O-glycans) on cell-surface glycoproteins. Here, we report that upregulation of C2GnT is closely correlated with progression of bladder tumours and that C2GnT-expressing bladder tumours use a novel strategy to increase their metastatic potential. Our results showed that C2GnT-expressing bladder tumour cells are highly metastatic due to their high ability to evade NK cell immunity and revealed the molecular mechanism of the immune evasion by C2GnT expression. Engagement of an NK-activating receptor, NKG2D, by its tumour-associated ligand, Major histocompatibility complex class I-related chain A (MICA), is critical to tumour rejection by NK cells. In C2GnT-expressing bladder tumour cells, poly-N-acetyllactosamine was present on core2 O-glycans on MICA, and galectin-3 bound the NKG2D-binding site of MICA through this poly-N-acetyllactosamine. Galectin-3 reduced the affinity of MICA for NKG2D, thereby severely impairing NK cell activation and silencing the NK cells. This new mode of NK cell silencing promotes immune evasion of C2GnT-expressing bladder tumour cells, resulting in tumour metastasis. 相似文献
88.
Sato M Hiraoka M Suzuki H Bai Y Kurotani R Yokoyama U Okumura S Cismowski MJ Lanier SM Ishikawa Y 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2011,286(20):17766-17776
89.
Arefeh Ghodsizadeh Hossein Hosseinkhani Abbas Piryaei Behshad Pournasr Mostafa Najarasl Yosuke Hiraoka Hossein Baharvand 《Biotechnology letters》2014,36(5):1095-1106
Due to their important biomedical applications, functional human embryonic stem cell-derived hepatocyte-like cells (hESC-HLCs) are an attractive topic in the field of stem cell differentiation. Here, we have initially differentiated hESCs into functional hepatic endoderm (HE) and continued the differentiation by replating them onto galactosylated collagen (GC) and collagen matrices. The differentiation of hESC-HE cells into HLCs on GC substrate showed significant up-regulation of hepatic-specific genes such as ALB, HNF4α, CYP3A4, G6P, and ASGR1. There was more albumin secretion and urea synthesis, as well as more cytochrome p450 activity, in differentiated HLCs on GC compared to the collagen-coated substrate. These results suggested that GC substrate has the potential to be used for in vitro maturation of hESC-HLCs. 相似文献
90.
Koichi Hiraoka Naoatsu Kurata Masato Sakaguchi Kengo Nonaka Naoto Matsumoto 《Somatosensory & motor research》2014,31(1):49-55
Interaction between the execution process of eye movement and that of hand movement must be indispensable for eye–hand coordination. The present study investigated corticospinal excitability in the hand muscles during the premotor processes of eye and/or hand movement to elucidate interaction between these processes. Healthy humans performed a precued reaction task of eye and/or finger movement and motor-evoked potentials in the hand muscles were evoked in the reaction time. Leftward eye movement suppressed corticospinal excitability in the right abductor digiti minimi muscle only when little finger abduction was simultaneously executed. Corticospinal excitability in the first dorsal interosseous muscle was not suppressed by eye movement regardless of whether or not it was accompanied by finger movement. Suppression of corticospinal excitability in the hand muscles induced by eye movement in the premotor period depends on the direction of eye movement, the muscle tested, and the premotor process of the tested muscle. The suppression may reflect interaction between the motor process of eye movement and that of hand movement particularly active during eye–hand coordination tasks during which both processes proceed. 相似文献