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71.
72.
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease of unknown etiology. To examine the involvement of impaired homeostasis of oxygen/nitrogen radicals in childhood AD, we compared the levels of urinary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (marker of oxidative stress), nitrite/nitrate (marker of nitric oxide synthesis) and selenium (marker of selenium store) in 27 children with AD to those of 25 healthy control children. Urinary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine was significantly higher and nitrite/nitrate levels were significantly lower in patients with AD than in the control. Urinary selenium levels were similar in both groups. Our findings suggest that impaired homeostasis of oxygen/nitrogen radicals and increased oxidative stress are involved in the pathophysiology of childhood AD, and indicate that suppression of oxidative stress might be a potentially useful strategy for the treatment of AD.  相似文献   
73.
In theXenopus oocyte heterologous expressionsystem, the electrophysiological characteristics of rabbit ClC-2current and its contribution to volume regulation were examined.Expressed currents on oocytes were recorded with a two-electrodevoltage-clamp technique. Oocyte volume was assessed by taking picturesof oocytes with a magnification of ×40. Rabbit ClC-2 currentsexhibited inward rectification and had a halide anion permeabilitysequence of Cl  Br  I  F. ClC-2 currents wereinhibited by 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)benzoic acid (NPPB),diphenylamine-2-carboxylic acid (DPC), and anthracene-9-carboxylic acid(9-AC), with a potency order of NPPB > DPC = 9-AC, but were resistant to stilbene disulfonates. These characteristics are similarto those of rat ClC-2, suggesting rabbit ClC-2 as a counterpart of ratClC-2. During a 30-min perfusion with hyposmolar solution, currentamplitude at 160 mV and oocyte diameter were compared amongthree groups: oocytes injected with distilled water, oocytes injectedwith ClC-2 cRNA, and oocytes injected with ClC-2NT cRNA (an openchannel mutant with NH2-terminaltruncation). Maximum inward current was largest in ClC-2NT-injectedoocytes (5.9 ± 0.4 µA), followed by ClC-2-injected oocytes(4.3 ± 0.6 µA), and smallest in water-injected oocytes(0.2 ± 0.2 µA), whereas the order of increase in oocytediameter was as follows: water-injected oocytes (9.0 ± 0.2%) > ClC-2-injected oocytes (5.3 ± 0.5%) > ClC-2NT-injected oocytes (1.1 ± 0.2%). The findings that oocyte swelling wassmallest in oocytes with the largest expressed currents suggest thatClC-2 currents expressed in Xenopusoocytes appear to act for volume regulation when exposed to ahyposmolar environment.

  相似文献   
74.
In cardiac myocytes, the effect of alpha1-adrenergic stimulation on L-type Ca current remains to be clarified. We examined this issue by the transient coexpression of alpha1-adrenoceptors on BHKC12 cells, where recombinant Ca channels composed of cardiac alpha1 subunit and skeletal beta, gamma, alpha2/delta subunits were stably expressed. After transfection of plasmid DNA encoding bovine alpha1C-adrenoceptors, bath-applied phenylephrine potentiated the cloned Ca channel current during perforated-patch whole-cell recording by 26+/-6% in 6 out of 12 cells. The potentiation was elicited also by methoxamine, and was blocked by prazosin. Phenylephrine also increased the channel open probability during cell-attached single channel recording in 7 out of 15 cells. The ratio of successful modulation of Ca channels was in accordance with the ratio of successful expression of alpha1-adrenoceptors, as estimated by beta-galactosidase staining. These results suggest that the stimulation of alpha1C-adrenoceptors is linked to potentiation of cardiac L-type Ca current. BHK cells provide a valuable expression system to study the modulation of Ca channels evoked by a receptor stimulation.  相似文献   
75.
Spermine-sensitive stabilization of semisynthetic Ribonuclease S' was successfully carried out by sequence specific incorporation of a poly-anion domain into alpha-helix region of S-peptide.  相似文献   
76.
We identified a human homolog of Drosophila warts tumor suppressor gene, termed h-warts, which was mapped at chromosome 6q24-25.1. The h-warts protein has a serine/threonine kinase domain and is localized to centrosomes in interphase cells. However, it becomes localized to the mitotic apparatus, including spindle pole bodies, mitotic spindle, and midbody, in a highly dynamic manner during mitosis. Furthermore, h-warts is specifically phosphorylated in cells at mitotic phase, most likely by Cdc2 kinase. These findings suggest that h-warts functions as a component of the mitotic apparatus and is involved in proper progression of mitosis.  相似文献   
77.
This is the first report of a Ulva species reproducing asexually solely by quadriflagellate swarmers. Ulva spinulosa Okamura et Segawa specimens were collected from Ukibuchi on the Pacific coast of Kochi Prefecture, southern Japan. Quadriflagellate swarmers were released from these specimens. The swarmers showed negative phototaxis before settlement. Thalli cultured from these swarmers also released quadriflagellate swarmers in culture. Microspectrophotometric studies demonstrated equivalent DNA in nuclei of vegetative cells in thalli of U. spinulosa and in sporo‐phytes of the other Ulva species with sexual life history (U. fasciata Delile). Furthermore, the quadriflagellate swarmers of U. spinulosa had the same DNA value, demonstrating that the quadriflagellate swarmers are produced without meiosis.  相似文献   
78.
Monostroma latissimum (Kuetzing) Wittrock is a monostromatic green alga of commercial importance in Japan. Here we report the serendipitous discovery of asexually reproducing specimens collected from Usa, on the Pacific coast of Kochi Prefecture, south-western Japan. Zoids were found to be biflagellate and negatively phototactic. Germination of settled zoids was observed to follow erect-filamentous ontogeny similar to that of the previously reported sexual strain. Moreover, the newly discovered asexual strain had identical sequences of nuclear encoded ITS (Internal Transcribed Spacer) region to that of the sexual strain. On the basis of this finding, we postulate that the ITS sequences may have been maintained in these conspecific strains despite the evolution in sexuality. Relationships were investigated among M. latissimum and other monostromatic taxa within the class Ulvophyceae using ITS sequences in order to understand relative phylogenetic position of this species.  相似文献   
79.
Aldehydes produced under various environmental stresses can cause cellular injury in plants, but their toxicology in photosynthesis has been scarcely investigated. We here evaluated their effects on photosynthetic reactions in chloroplasts isolated from Spinacia oleracea L. leaves. Aldehydes that are known to stem from lipid peroxides inactivated the CO2 photoreduction to various extents, while their corresponding alcohols and carboxylic acids did not affect photosynthesis. α,β-Unsaturated aldehydes (2-alkenals) showed greater inactivation than the saturated aliphatic aldehydes. The oxygenated short aldehydes malondialdehyde, methylglyoxal, glycolaldehyde and glyceraldehyde showed only weak toxicity to photosynthesis. Among tested 2-alkenals, 2-propenal (acrolein) was the most toxic, and then followed 4-hydroxy-(E)-2-nonenal and (E)-2-hexenal. While the CO2-photoreduction was inactivated, envelope intactness and photosynthetic electron transport activity (H2O → ferredoxin) were only slightly affected. In the acrolein-treated chloroplasts, the Calvin cycle enzymes phosphoribulokinase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, fructose-1,6-bisphophatase, sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphatase, aldolase, and Rubisco were irreversibly inactivated. Acrolein treatment caused a rapid drop of the glutathione pool, prior to the inactivation of photosynthesis. GSH exogenously added to chloroplasts suppressed the acrolein-induced inactivation of photosynthesis, but ascorbic acid did not show such a protective effect. Thus, lipid peroxide-derived 2-alkenals can inhibit photosynthesis by depleting GSH in chloroplasts and then inactivating multiple enzymes in the Calvin cycle.  相似文献   
80.
Ulva limnetica Ichihara et Shimada, sp. nov. (Ulvales, Ulvophyceae) is described from the Ryukyu Islands, Japan, and is characterized by thalli that are: (i) branched, tubular, fragile and wrinkled; (ii) up to 80 cm in height and up to 2 cm in diameter; (iii) light to yellowish green in color; and (iv) having an asexual reproduction by means of quadriflagellate swarmers. Rhizoidal cells bear tubular extensions on the outside of the cell layer in the stipe. Ulva limnetica is distinguished from species with similar thalli by chloroplast disposition, branching pattern, number of pyrenoids per cell and gross morphology. It is also distinguished by sequences of the nuclear-encoded 18S ribosomal RNA gene, internal transcribed spacer 2 region and the plastid-encoded large subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxgenase gene ( rbc L). Ulva limnetica was clustered with other Ulva species in an early diverging lineage within the genus.  相似文献   
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