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21.
Hipkiss AR 《Molecular aspects of medicine》2011,32(4-6):267-278
This review will discuss the relationship between energy metabolism, protein dysfunction and the causation and modulation of age-related proteotoxicity and disease. It is proposed that excessive glycolysis, rather than aerobic (mitochondrial) activity, could be causal to proteotoxic stress and age-related pathology, due to the generation of endogenous glycating metabolites: the deleterious role of methylglyoxal (MG) is emphasized. It is suggested that TOR inhibition, exercise, fasting and increased mitochondrial activity suppress formation of MG (and other deleterious low molecular weight carbonyl compounds) which could control onset and progression of proteostatic dysfunction. Possible mechanisms by which the endogenous dipeptide, carnosine, which, by way of its putative aldehyde-scavenging activity, may control age-related proteotoxicity, cellular dysfunction and pathology, including cancer, are also considered. Whether carnosine could be regarded as a rapamycin mimic is briefly discussed. 相似文献
22.
Summary The accumulation of interferon (IFN) -2 in transformed strains of Escherichia coli and Methylophilus methylotrophus was greater at 25° C than at 37° C. Interferon -2 catabolism was followed by measuring the change in IFN titre (measured immunoreactively) with time at temperatures between 25° C and 37° C in chloramphenicol-treated cells. The IFN -2 titre remained constant at 29° C and below, while at higher temperatures the titres declined. The t
1/2 values for IFN -2 decreased with increasing incubation temperature. Pulse-chase studies using [35S]methionine, sodium dodecyl sulphate-gel electrophoresis and autoradiography demonstrated that IFN -2 was subjected to degradation at 37° C while at 25° C it was stable. It is proposed that the susceptibility of IFN -2 to degradation in both E. coli and M. methylotrophus is affected by incubation temperature and 30° C may be a transition temperature above which the conformation of the molecule is recognised by the bacterial proteases. 相似文献
23.
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a vasoproliferative disorder that occurs in premature infants and may lead to permanent visual impairment. We investigated both the possible protective role of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) for preventing ROP and the role of IGF-1 in the disorder. Forty-five newborn rats were divided into three groups. Group 1 was raised in room air as controls. Group 2 was exposed to 60% oxygen for 14 days after birth, then transferred to room air. Group 3 was exposed to the same conditions as group 2, but received intraperitoneal injections of NAC on postnatal days 7–17. After 35 days, both eyes of all rats were processed for histology. Some sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin to assess structural changes and other sections were immunostained to determine the location of IGF-1. Frozen sections also were prepared and stained for adenosine triphosphatase to detect retinal blood vessels. Compared to the controls, more blood vessels, many of which were abnormal, and increased IGF-1 expression were observed in group 2. In group 3, abnormal blood vessels and IGF-1 expression were less evident. NAC appeared to be an effective vascular-protective agent for ROP by decreasing IGF-1 expression. 相似文献
24.
This report represents the first demonstration of degradation of intracellular protein in the obligate methylotroph, Methylophilus methylotrophus. Proteolysis in batch culture was followed by a pulse-chase protocol which included chloramphenicol during the chase period to prevent re-incorporation of the radio-label, l-[4,5-3H] isoleucine. Starvation for a nitrogen source mildly stimulated proteolysis whereas starvation for the carbon source (0.5% v/v methanol) inhibited proteolysis by over 50%. Respiratory inhibitors (e.g. 2,4-DNP) caused a rapid decline in both intracellular ATP concentration and protein catabolism. Proteins synthesized after the addition of methanol (5% v/v) and ethanol (5% v/v) to the growth medium were subject to rapid degradation. Breakdown of abnormal proteins generated by treatment with dihydrostreptomycin and puromycin was also inhibited by inhibitors of respiration and deprivation of carbon source. The stability of an heterologous gene product, interferon -2, was also investigated; loss of immunoreactivity was reduced in the absence of methanol but not prevented. 相似文献
25.
Conserved sequences in enzymes of the UDP-GlcNAc/MurNAc family are essential in hamster UDP-GlcNAc:dolichol-P GlcNAc-1-P transferase 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The UDP-GlcNAc/MurNAc family of eukaryotic and prokaryotic enzymes use
UDP-GlcNAc or UDP-MurNAc-pentapeptide as donors, dolichol-P or polyprenol-P
as acceptors, and generate sugar-P-P-polyisoprenols. A series of six
conserved sequences, designated A through F and ranging from 5 to 13 amino
acid residues, has been identified in this family. To determine whether
these conserved sequences are required for enzyme function, various
mutations were examined in hamster UDP- GlcNAc:dolichol-P GlcNAc-1-P
transferase (GPT). Scramble mutations of sequences B-F, generated by
scrambling the residues within each sequence, demonstrated that each is
important in GPT. While E and F scrambles appeared to prevent stable
expression of GPT, scrambling of B- D resulted in GPT mutants that could be
stably expressed and bound tunicamycin, but lacked enzymatic activity.
Further, the C and D scramble mutants had an unexpected sorting defect.
Replacement of sequences B-F with prokaryotic counterparts from either the
B.subtilis mraY or E.coli rfe genes also affected GPT by preventing
expression of the mutant protein (B, F) or inhibiting its enzymatic
activity (C-E). For the C-E replacements, no acquisition of acceptor
activity for polyprenol-P, the fully unsaturated natural bacterial
acceptor, was detected. These studies show that the conserved sequences of
the UDP- GlcNAc/MurNAc family are important, and that the eukaryotic and
prokaryotic counterparts are not freely interchangeable. Since several
mutants were efficiently expressed and bound tunicamycin, yet lacked
enzymatic activity, the data are consistent with these sequences having a
direct role in product formation.
相似文献
26.
A R Hipkiss 《Life sciences》1967,6(6):669-672
27.
JB Parentes-Vieira PV Lopes-Costa CG Pires AR dos Santos JD Pereira-Filho BB da Silva 《International Seminars in Surgical Oncology : ISSO》2007,4(1):22
Background
The objective of this study was to evaluate angiogenesis according to CD34 antigen expression in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive and negative breast carcinomas.Methods
This study comprised 64 cases of infiltrating ductal carcinoma in postmenopausal women divided into two groups: Group A: ER-positive, n = 35; and Group B: ER-negative, n = 29. The anti-CD34 monoclonal antibody was used as a marker for endothelial cells. Microvessel count was carried out in 10 fields per slide using a 40× objective lens (magnification 400×). Statistical analysis of the data was performed using Student's t-test (p < 0.05).Results
The mean number of vessels stained with the anti-CD34 antibody in the estrogen receptor-positive and negative tumors was 23.51 ± 1.15 and 40.24 ± 0.42, respectively. The number of microvessels was significantly greater in the estrogen receptor-negative tumors (p < 0.001).Conclusion
ER-negative tumors have significantly greater CD34 antigen expression compared to ER-positive tumors.28.
The application of carnosine in medicine has been discussed since several years, but many claims of therapeutic effects have not been substantiated by rigorous experimental examination. In the present perspective, a possible use of carnosine as an anti-neoplastic therapeutic, especially for the treatment of malignant brain tumours such as glioblastoma is discussed. Possible mechanisms by which carnosine may perform its anti-tumourigenic effects are outlined and its expected bioavailability and possible negative and positive side effects are considered. Finally, alternative strategies are examined such as treatment with other dipeptides or β-alanine. 相似文献
29.
ADRIANA ARÁNGUIZ‐ACUÑA RODRIGO RAMOS‐JILIBERTO NANDINI SARMA S.S.S. SARMA RAMIRO O. BUSTAMANTE VERÓNICA TOLEDO 《Freshwater Biology》2010,55(10):2114-2122
1. A key aspect of the ecology and evolution of adaptive prey responses to predator risk is the timing by which the former develop a defensive trait in response to inducing signals released by the latter. This property, called reactivity, has been shown to affect population stability and persistence. 2. Theoretically, the minimal predator density required by prey to exhibit induced defences is expected to increase with the effectiveness of the defence and decrease with its cost. Likewise, the time required for the prey population to exhibit an induced defence is expected to increase together with cost. 3. The freshwater rotifers Brachionus calyciflorus and B. havanaensis and their predator Asplanchna brightwelli were used to test the hypothesis that prey species exhibiting defences that offer a larger fitness benefit and lower fitness cost are more reactive to predator signals, in terms of requiring shorter exposure time and lower signal concentration to trigger a morphological defence reaction. 4. Our results showed that both prey species exhibited costly and effective defences after induction by predator infochemicals. Faster reactions were observed at higher levels of predator cues. Nevertheless, the observed relationship between reactivity and benefit/cost of defences did not agree with our expectations. 5. To our knowledge, this is the first study in which the timing of induction of morphological defences is experimentally assessed over a gradient of risk signals. We propose new research directions to disentangle the mechanisms and project the consequences of prey decisions at the morphological level. 相似文献
30.
Volker AR Huss Claudia Ciniglia Paola Cennamo Salvatore Cozzolino Gabriele Pinto Antonino Pollio 《BMC evolutionary biology》2002,2(1):13-9