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41.
Aspartic acid residues at positions 190 and 192 of rat DNA polymerase beta are involved in primer binding 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
The sequence Gly-Asp-Met-Asp, spanning positions 189-192 of rat DNA polymerase beta, is similar to the sequence motif Gly-Asp-Thr-Asp that is highly conserved in a number of replicative DNA polymerases from eukaryotic cells, viruses, and phages. The role of this sequence in the catalytic function of rat DNA polymerase beta was investigated by individually changing each amino acid in this region by site-directed mutagenesis. The mutant enzymes DE190 and DE192, in which aspartic acid residues at positions 190 and 192, respectively, were replaced by glutamic acid, showed about 0.1% activity of the wild-type enzyme. On the other hand, the replacement of Gly-189 by alanine or Met-191 by isoleucine or threonine only slightly affected the enzyme activity. A gel mobility shift assay showed that DNA complexes with enzyme DE190 and especially with DE192 were less stable than the corresponding complex with the wild-type enzyme. Kinetic analysis with these mutant enzymes indicate that their Km's for primer DNA were about 10-fold higher than that of the wild type, while Km's for deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate were not changed. Since neither DE190 nor DE192 had any significant alteration in secondary structure, our results suggest that both Asp-190 and Asp-192 are located in the active site and are involved in the interaction of DNA polymerase beta with primer. 相似文献
42.
Hidenobu Okumura Kunio Matsumto Koji Hashimoto Kunihiko Yoshikawa 《Experimental cell research》1991,192(2):647-650
Involucrin is a precursor protein of detergent-insoluble cornified envelope and a marker of terminal differentiation of epidermal keratinocytes. To quantify differentiation of cultured human keratinocytes, the population of involucrin-positive cells was estimated by immunofluorescent staining using anti-involucrin antibody and flow cytometry. Normal human keratinocytes were cultured under three conditions for induction of differentiation: low Ca2+ concentration (0.1 mM Ca2+), high Ca2+ concentration (1.8 mM Ca2+), and high Ca2+ concentration with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS). The relationship between fluorescence intensity and involucrin synthesis was confirmed by visual examination of sorted cells. The population of involucrin-positive cells increased from 7.2 to 18.1% by elevating Ca2+ concentration and to 37.0% by adding FBS. The extent of cornified envelope formation under the same culture conditions was consistent with the estimation of involucrin-positive cells. The cytofluorographic analysis of involucrin synthesis made it possible to determine the number of differentiated cells in a large number of samples precisely and reliably. Thus, it is a useful method for quantifying keratinocyte differentiation. 相似文献
43.
Hidenobu Murafuji Hiroki Sakai Megumi Goto Yoshiaki Oyama Seiichi Imajo Hajime Sugawara Toshiyuki Tomoo Tsuyoshi Muto 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》2018,28(8):1371-1375
A novel series of 1,3,6-trisubstituted 1,4-diazepan-7-ones were investigated as human kallikrein 7 (KLK7, stratum corneum chymotryptic enzyme) inhibitors. Based on the X-ray co-crystal structure of compound 1 bound to human KLK7, the derivatives of this scaffold were designed, synthesized, and evaluated. Through structure-activity relationship studies focused on the side chain located in the prime site region of the enzyme, representative compounds 15, 33a, and 35a were identified as highly potent and selective inhibitors of human KLK7. 相似文献
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46.
Lena Suzuki Jeffrey P. Woessner Hidenobu Uchida† Haruko Kuroiwa Yasuhito Yuasa Sabine Waffenschmidt Ursula W. Goodenough Tsuneyoshi Kuroiwa 《Journal of phycology》2000,36(3):571-583
The cell wall of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii zygotes, which forms rapidly after the fusion of wall-free gametes, provides a tractable system for studying the properties and assembly of hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins, the major proteinaceous components of green algal and plant cell walls. We report the cloning of the zsp2 gene and the analysis of its ZSP-2 product, a 58.9 kDa polypeptide that is synthesized exclusively by zygotes. The protein contains two (SP)x repeats, establishing it as a member of the cell wall hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins family. It also contains a 4-fold iteration of an amino acid sequence centered around cysteine residues, a configuration found in both plant and animal lectins. Furthermore, we report four observations on pellicle composition and production. First, cell-free preparations of the pellicle matrix are rich in hydroxyproline, arabinose, and galactose and contain bundles of very long fibrils. Second, glutathione blocks pellicle formation and results in the accumulation of long fibrils in the growth medium. Third, antibody to ZSP-2 also blocks pellicle formation. Fourth, ZSP-2 immunolocalizes to the boundary between the outer layers of the wall proper and the pellicle matrix. These observations are consistent with the possibility that the Cys-rich (glutathione-sensitive) lectin-like domains of ZSP-2 may bind to sugar residues on the long fibrils and anchor them to the cell wall, thereby initiating and maintaining pellicle formation. 相似文献
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48.
Ishizaki H Manuel ER Song GY Srivastava T Sun S Diamond DJ Ellenhorn JD 《Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII》2011,60(1):99-109
Survivin is overexpressed by 70–80% of pancreatic cancers, and is associated with resistance to chemotherapy and a poor prognosis.
Gemcitabine has been a standard treatment for patients with advanced pancreatic cancer for a decade. Recent reports have demonstrated
that gemcitabine treatment attenuates the tumor-suppressive environment by eliminating CD11b+/Gr-1+ myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). We hypothesize that a cancer vaccine targeting survivin can achieve enhanced efficacy
when combined with gemcitabine. In this study, we tested this hypothesis using modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) expressing full-length
murine survivin. The poorly immunogenic mouse pancreas adenocarcinoma cell line, Pan02, which expresses murine survivin and
is syngeneic to C57BL/6, was used for this study. Immunization with MVA-survivin resulted in a modest therapeutic antitumor
effect on established Pan02 tumors. When administered with gemcitabine, MVA-survivin immunization resulted in significant
tumor regression and prolonged survival. The enhanced vaccine efficacy was associated with decreased CD11b+/Gr-1+ MDSCs. To analyze the survivin-specific immune response to MVA-survivin immunization, we utilized a peptide library of 15mers
with 11 residues overlapping from full-length murine survivin. Splenocytes from mice immunized with MVA-survivin produced
intracellular γ-interferon in response to in vitro stimulation with the overlapping peptide library. Increased survivin-specific
CD8+ T cells that specifically recognized the Pan02 tumor line were seen in mice treated with MVA-survivin and gemcitabine. These
data suggest that vaccination with MVA-survivin in combination with gemcitabine represents an attractive strategy to overcome
tumor-induced peripheral immune tolerance, and this effect has potential for clinical benefit in pancreatic cancer. 相似文献
49.
Kunio Matsumoto Yoshiaki Azuma Mamoru Kiyoki Hidenobu Okumura Koji Hashimoto Kunihiko Yoshikawa 《Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/Molecular Cell Research》1991,1092(3):311-318
In this study, we investigated the possibility that cultured keratinocytes from normal human adult skin produce 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-3 (1,25(OH)2D3, a biologically active form of vitamin D-3) from 25-hydroxyvitamin D-3 [25(OH)D3], and that 1,25(OH)2D3 endogenously produced by keratinocytes is involved in the self regulation of their growth and differentiation. To determine whether 1,25(OH)2D3 is produced from 25(OH)D3 by skin keratinocytes, 25(OH)[3H]D3 was added to keratinocyte cultures and incubated for 1 h and 5 h. The intracellular and extracellular metabolites were analyzed by three chromatographic systems. The three chromatograms revealed that the major metabolite produced from 25(OH)2D3 was 1,25(OH)2D3. Most of the 1,25(OH)2D3 endogenously produced from 25(OH)D3 remained within the cells. To examine the time course of 1,25(OH)2D3 production, the amount of 1,25(OH)[3H]D3 was measured at 15 min, 1 h, 5 h and 10 h, being at a maximum 1 h after the addition of 25(OH)D3. These data indicate that keratinocytes rapidly convert 25(OH)D3 to 1,25(OH)2D3 and that 1,25(OH)2D3 is not released into the medium. To determine whether endogenously produced 1,25(OH)2D3 is involved in the regulation of growth and differentiation of normal human keratinocytes, we examined the effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 and 25(OH)D3 on their growth and differentiation. Keratinocyte growth was inhibited to 52.6% and 23.4% by 10?8 M and 10?7 M 1,25(OH)2D3 and to 80.5% and 23.9% by 10?8 M and 10?7 M 25(OH)D3, respectively. Differentiation of these cells was evaluated by quantifying the number which express involucrin, a precursor protein of cornified envelope. The population of involucrin expressing cells (differentiated cells) increased from 6.2% to 14.5% by 2.5·10?7 M 1,25(OH)2D3, and to 11.8% by 2.5·10?7 M 25(OH)D3. These results clearly indicate that 25(OH)D3 is as effective on human keratinocytes as 1,25(OH)2D3 in inhibiting growth and inducing differentiation, although to a slightly lesser extent than 1,25(OH)2D3. The possibility that the effect of 25(OH)D3 is mediated through binding to the 1,25(OH)2D3 receptor can be excluded, since a competitive binding assay revealed that the affinity of 25(OH)D3 for the 1,25(OH)2D3 receptor in a cytosolic extract of keratinocytes was 100-times lower than that of 1,25(OH)2D3. Thus, these results suggest that 1,25(OH)2D3 endogenously produced in keratinocytes from 25(OH)D3 is involved in the regulation of their growth and differentiation in vitro. 相似文献
50.
Cyclic dipeptide cyclo(l- or d-Glu-l-His) carrying an anionic site and a nucleophilic site has been synthesized and used as a catalyst for the solvolysis of cationic esters in aqueous alcohols. In the solvolysis of 3-acyloxy-N-trimethylanilinium iodide (S+n, n = 2 and 10) and Cl?H3N+(CH2)11COOPh(NO2), no efficient nucleophilic catalysis was observed. On the other hand, in the solvolysis of Gly-OPh(NO2)·HCl, Val-OPh(NO2)·HCl and Leu-OPh(NO2)·HCl a very efficient general base-type catalysis by cyclo(l-Glu-l-His) was observed. In particular, with the latter two substrates the catalysis by cyclo(l-Glul-His) was more efficient than that by imidazole, although the catalysis was not enantiomer-selective. The diastereomeric cyclic dipeptide cyclo(d-Glu-l-His) was almost inactive under the same conditions. Confomation of cyclo(l- or d-Glu-l-His) in aqueous solution was investigated and the structure/catalysis relationship is discussed. 相似文献