首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
文章检索
  按 检索   检索词:      
出版年份:   被引次数:   他引次数: 提示:输入*表示无穷大
  收费全文   3065篇
  免费   175篇
  国内免费   1篇
  2022年   13篇
  2021年   27篇
  2020年   11篇
  2019年   23篇
  2018年   31篇
  2017年   46篇
  2016年   55篇
  2015年   89篇
  2014年   109篇
  2013年   261篇
  2012年   161篇
  2011年   151篇
  2010年   120篇
  2009年   111篇
  2008年   199篇
  2007年   202篇
  2006年   226篇
  2005年   201篇
  2004年   206篇
  2003年   187篇
  2002年   152篇
  2001年   42篇
  2000年   35篇
  1999年   48篇
  1998年   35篇
  1997年   36篇
  1996年   35篇
  1995年   31篇
  1994年   30篇
  1993年   39篇
  1992年   34篇
  1991年   25篇
  1990年   28篇
  1989年   17篇
  1988年   29篇
  1987年   16篇
  1986年   16篇
  1985年   18篇
  1984年   22篇
  1983年   10篇
  1982年   14篇
  1981年   16篇
  1980年   8篇
  1979年   12篇
  1978年   11篇
  1977年   7篇
  1976年   10篇
  1975年   8篇
  1973年   5篇
  1972年   6篇
排序方式: 共有3241条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
11.
Summary The authors succeeded in establishing a murine model of systemic candidiasis being disseminated from the primary gastrointestinal lesions caused by oral inoculation of Candida albicans. Using this model, an attempt was made for detecting the Candida antigen by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using avidin-biotin (AB-ELISA) from the serum of infected mice.Gastrointestinal candidiasis was formed in all of the 20 mice treated with the drugs (antibiotics, antineoplastic agents, hydrocortisone, etc.) and inoculated orally with C. albicans. Fourteen of these mice suffered from submucosal candidiasis, and C. albicans was cultured from the visceral organs in 12 of them. The assay by AB-ELISA was able to detect 1.0 ng/ml Candida mannan in the mouse serum. The Candida antigen was detected in the sera of 11 of the 14 mice with submucosal candidiasis. However, the antigen could not be detected in the sera of the 6 mice with intramucosal candidiasis.The assay by AB-ELISA is more sensitive and specific for the diagnosis of systemic candidiasis than other serological assays.  相似文献   
12.
We compared the changes in monoamines and their metabolites in the El mouse brain induced by GABA-A and GABA-B receptor agonists. Muscimol was used as a GABA-A receptor agonist, and baclofen as a GABA-B receptor agonist. Muscimol (3 mg/kg) significantly increased the DOPAC level in all parts of the mouse brain and the HVA level in the cortex, striatum, and midbrain. No significant change was observed in the dopamine (DA) level. These findings suggest that muscimol may accelerate both the synthesis and catabolism of DA. Baclofen (20 mg/kg) increased the DA level in the hippocampus and midbrain, and the DOPAC level in the hippocampus. Muscimol increased 5-HIAA levels and decreased 5-HT levels. This result suggests that 5-HT metabolism is accelerated by muscimol. No change in 5-HT or 5-HIAA levels was induced by baclofen. The GABA-A receptor system seems to have a potent effect not only on DA neurons, but on 5-HT neurons. However, the GABA-B receptor system appears to have almost no effect on 5-HT neurons, though it appears to have some effect on DA neurons.  相似文献   
13.
The ATPase activity of the plasma membrane-enriched fractionwas severely inhibited by withdrawal of Ca2+ from the mediumfor 5 days, although the root system appeared to be unaffectedto visual inspection. Partially lipid-depleted ATPases withsimilar ratios of phospholipid to protein were prepared fromthe plasma membrane-enriched fraction of cucumber roots culturedwith control medium and one lacking Ca2+, and their propertieswere compared. SDS disc polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showedthat the polypeptide components were essentially similar betweencontrol and Ca2+-starved roots. Partially lipid-depleted ATPasereassociated with asolectin, the lecithin from soybean, showedtypical characteristics of plasma membrane type ATPase; pH optimumat 6.5, high specificity for ATP as substrate and strong inhibitionby vanadate but not nitrate. The activity of reassociated ATPaseobtained from the control roots was apparently higher than theactivity obtained from Ca2+-starved roots. The amount of asolectinrequired for maximum activation of the partially lipid-depletedATPase prepared from control roots was much lower than thatprepared from Ca2+-starved roots. Reassociation of partiallylipid-depleted ATPase with asolectin produced higher ATPaseactivity than that with individual phospholipids. The activationof partially lipid-depleted ATPase prepared from control rootswith asolectin was not inhibited by addition of a sample preparedfrom Ca2+-starved roots. Thus, a decrease in the functionalassociation of ATPase with phospholipids might be one of thephysiological injuries in root cell membranes of cucumber causedby Ca2+ starvation. 1Permanent address: Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture,Chonnam National University, Chonnam 500, Korea. (Received February 23, 1988; Accepted August 18, 1988)  相似文献   
14.
Proton extrusion from cucumber roots decreased markedly duringCa2+ starvation in the presence of KC1. Vesicles with ATP-dependentproton transport activity were prepared from the microsomalmembrane fraction of control and Ca2+-starved roots. The protontransport rate of the vesicles from Ca2+-starved roots was repressedto less than half of the vesicles prepared from the controlroots. K+-Mg2+-ATPase activity associated with the vesiclesprepared from Ca2+-starved roots was approximately one-thirdof the activity associated with those prepared from controlroots. Km values of the proton transport rate and K+-Mg2+-ATPasefor ATP were much higher in vesicles prepared from Ca2+-starvedroots. The repression of proton extrusion linked with K+ uptake inthe Ca2+-starved roots could be largely caused by the reducedproton pumping activity associated with microsomal membranesin the roots. (Received May 25, 1987; Accepted October 14, 1987)  相似文献   
15.
H+-Transport activity of the vesicles prepared from barley rootswas studied at the early phase after application of NaCl stress.The activity reached maximal level at 3 days after the treatmentwith 200 mM NaCl which moderately reduced the growth. This activityincrease could be suppressed in the presence of cycloheximideand actinomycin D. The properties of the membrane vesicles associated with H+-transportactivity prepared from both control and NaCl-stressed rootssuggested that it was of tonoplast origin based on the followingfindings: optimal pH at 7.5, strong inhibition by nitrate butnot by vanadate, and stimulation by chloride. The density gradient centrifugation of vesicles with DextranT70 did not show any detectable difference in the distributionpatterns of H+-transport activities between control and NaClstressedroots. Furthermore, Km values for ATP of the H+-transport activityof vesicles prepared from control and NaCl-stressed roots werethe same. Therefore, H+-transport activity with properties similarto those of the control roots was increased by NaCl stress.The results are discussed in terms of an adaptive mechanismof barley against salt stress. 1Permanent address: Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture,Chonnam National University, Chonnam 500, Korea. (Received April 18, 1988; Accepted July 20, 1988)  相似文献   
16.
We investigated the effects of interruption of the impulse flow in the habenulopeduncular pathways by local infusion of tetrodotoxin on the acetylcholine and choline content in selected dopamine rich regions in the forebrain and midbrain in rats. The tetrodotoxin infusion caused a marked increase in acetylcholine content in the medial frontal cortex, striatum and ventral tegmental area+interpeduncular nucleus, but not in the limbic area or the substantia nigra, whereas choline content was reduced only in both the striatum and ventral tegmental area+interpeduncular nucleus. There was an increase in 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid content in the striatum after the manipulation. These findings suggest that the dorsal diencephalic conduction system may be involved in the integration of the activity of cholinergic neurons in the forebrain and midbrain regions and striatal dopanine neurons may play a role in the modulation of cholinergic neurons.  相似文献   
17.
S Itoh  A Takashima  Y Maeda 《Peptides》1992,13(5):1007-1012
Previous studies have demonstrated that NMDA receptor antagonists and protein kinase C inhibitors induced marked memory impairment in rats, but that peripherally administered cerulein (CER) prevented these effects. In the present study, the effect of subcutaneously administered CER on amnesia induced by protein synthesis inhibitors was examined in passive and active avoidance responses and in the Morris water maze test. Intraperitoneal injection of the inhibitors produced marked memory impairment, but the effect was abolished by combined administration with CER. The effective dose of subcutaneously injected CER was, on a molar basis, three thousand- and six thousandfold less than the dose of anisomycin, and two hundred eighty- and three thousandfold less than the dose of puromycin in the passive and active avoidance response experiments, respectively. Similarly, in the Morris water maze test, behavioral disturbances produced by the protein synthesis inhibitors were abolished by CER. These results indicate the effectiveness of CER in preventing memory impairment induced by protein synthesis inhibitors.  相似文献   
18.
Summary In this study bovine aortic endothelial cells were co-cultured with astrocytes from fetal Wistar Kyoto rats. Endothelial cells growing on type-I collagen, development. Although some cells appeared to be mature, horseradish peroxidase penetrated within 1 min of incubation through the intercellular junctions of these endothelial elements maintained on type-I collagen. In contrast, endothelial cells on type-IV collagen, co-cultured with astrocytes, were well developed; their intercellular junctions were well established, and plasmalemmal vesicles reduced in number. As a result, horseradish peroxidase was unable to penetrate through the endothelial cells grown on type-IV collagen and co-cultured with astrocytes because of the reduced extent of the junctional and vesicular transport. These findings reveal that (1) type-IV collagen is essential for the differentiation of endothelial cells, (2) endothelial cell-astrocyte interactions occur during co-culture, and (3) endothelial permeability depends on astrocyte-produced factors, in addition to type-IV collagen.  相似文献   
19.
We have isolated and characterized the genomic clone CHN50 corresponding to tobacco basic endochitinase (E.C.3.2.1.14). DNA sequence and blotting analysis reveal that the coding sequence of the gene present on CHN50 is identical to that of the cDNA clone pCHN50 and, moreover, the CHN50 gene has its origin in the progenitor of tobacco, Nicotiana sylvestris. Tobacco basic chitinases are encoded by a small gene family that consists of at least two members, the CHN50 gene and a closely related CHN17 gene which was characterized previously. By northern blot analysis, it is shown that the CHN50 gene is highly expressed in suspension-cultured tobacco cells and the mRNA accumulates at late logarithmic growth phase. To identify cis-DNA elements involved in the expression of the CHN50 gene in suspensioncultured cells, the chimeric gene consisting of 1.1 kb CHN50 5 upstream region fused to the coding sequence of -glucuronidase (GUS) was introduced by electroporation into protoplasts isolated from suspension-cultured tobacco cells. Transient GUS activity was found to be dependent on the growth phase of the cultured cells, from which protoplasts had been prepared. Functional analysis of 5 deletions suggests that the distal region between -788 and -345 contains sequences that potentiate the high-level expression in tobacco protoplasts and the region (-68 to -47) proximal to the TATA box functions as a putative silencer.  相似文献   
20.
Summary The application of an inducible regulation system using the trytophanase operon promoter (TPase promoter; Ptna) was examined for its high expression of the tryptophan synthase (TS) gene in Escherichia coli. The main problem in the application of Ptna for industrial purposes is catabolite repression by glucose, since glucose is the most abundant carbon source. However, this problem could be avoided by changing glucose to an organic acid, such as succinate, fumarate, malate and acetate, in the course of cultivation after glucose initially added was completely consumed. Under these conditions, l-tryptophan was also used to induce tryptophan synthase. Thus, the specific activity of TS in E. coli strain no. 168 harbouring pBR322F-PtnaTS was increased 500-fold compared to that of the cultured host strain. About 1 mol l-tryptophan/l reaction mixture was formed from indole and l-serine at 37° C for 3.5 h. Offprint requests to: H. Yukawa  相似文献   
设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号