全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1088篇 |
免费 | 105篇 |
国内免费 | 30篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 11篇 |
2021年 | 17篇 |
2020年 | 11篇 |
2019年 | 10篇 |
2018年 | 15篇 |
2017年 | 14篇 |
2016年 | 23篇 |
2015年 | 24篇 |
2014年 | 32篇 |
2013年 | 47篇 |
2012年 | 42篇 |
2011年 | 63篇 |
2010年 | 44篇 |
2009年 | 43篇 |
2008年 | 32篇 |
2007年 | 33篇 |
2006年 | 53篇 |
2005年 | 41篇 |
2004年 | 30篇 |
2003年 | 35篇 |
2002年 | 40篇 |
2001年 | 31篇 |
2000年 | 33篇 |
1999年 | 37篇 |
1998年 | 27篇 |
1997年 | 19篇 |
1996年 | 14篇 |
1995年 | 11篇 |
1994年 | 12篇 |
1992年 | 14篇 |
1991年 | 9篇 |
1989年 | 11篇 |
1988年 | 12篇 |
1987年 | 11篇 |
1985年 | 11篇 |
1984年 | 8篇 |
1983年 | 8篇 |
1982年 | 8篇 |
1981年 | 12篇 |
1980年 | 12篇 |
1979年 | 12篇 |
1978年 | 10篇 |
1977年 | 12篇 |
1974年 | 11篇 |
1973年 | 12篇 |
1972年 | 11篇 |
1971年 | 15篇 |
1970年 | 10篇 |
1967年 | 10篇 |
1965年 | 9篇 |
排序方式: 共有1223条查询结果,搜索用时 343 毫秒
21.
Sonia R. Virdee Godfrey M. Hewitt 《Evolution; international journal of organic evolution》1994,48(2):392-407
Two subspecies of the grasshopper Chorthippus parallelus meet in the Pyrenees forming a hybrid zone several kilometers wide. Crosses between the two pure taxa result in sterile male offspring and normal females (i.e., Haldane's rule applies). However, no such dysfunction has been detected in hybrid males collected through the center of the hybrid zone. By assessing the level of dysfunction in the offspring of reciprocal crosses, it was possible to map clines for the genes responsible for dysfunction through the zone. This analysis shows that there is no abrupt transition between incompatible genomes in the field. Crosses were also made between females collected from a transect spanning the hybrid zone and pure males of both subspecies. This reveals noncoincident clines for dysfunction near the center of the hybrid zone such that the dysfunction expressed in the offspring of these crosses is less than expected from simple models. More complex models involving interaction among genes must be invoked. Also, the possibility exists that since the postglacial contact of these two grasshopper taxa, hybrid dysfunction has become ameliorated by the evolution of modifiers. This hybrid zone is thought to be a tension zone, maintained by a balance between selection against hybrid genotypes and dispersal into the zone center. The lessening of hybrid disadvantage over time through the breakdown of epistatic interactions by recombination or through modification could account for the general lack of dysfunction in field collected hybrids today. 相似文献
22.
Borrelia burgdorferi is a spirochete pathogen transmitted among warm-
blooded hosts by ixodid ticks. Frequency-dependent selection for variant
outer-surface proteins might be expected to arise in this species, since
rare variants are more likely to avoid immune surveillance in previously
infected hosts. We sequenced the OspA and OspB genes of nine North American
strains and compared them with nine strains previously described. For each
gene, the mean number of synonymous substitutions per synonymous site and
the mean number of nonsynonymous substitutions per nonsynonymous site show
only a twofold excess of silent mutations. Synonymous rates vary widely
along the OspB protein. Some regions show a significant excess of silent
substitutions, while divergence in other regions is constrained by biased
base composition or selection. The presence, in antigenically important
regions of the protein, of significant variation among strains, as well as
evidence for recombination among strains, should be considered in attempts
to develop vaccines against this disease.
相似文献
23.
M P ROBINSON G BUTCHER R H CURTIS K G DA VIES K EVANS 《The Annals of applied biology》1993,123(2):337-347
Two monoclonal antibodies, which differentially recognise the two species of potato cyst nematodes (PCN), Globodera pallida and G. rostochiensis, are described. They have been shown to have potential for quantification of these two species, recognising proteins of the same molecular weight (34 kD) in both species. Further investigation showed these proteins to have isoelectric points at pH values of 5.7 in G. pallida and 5.9 in G. rostochiensis, in common with the proteins used by Fleming & Marks (1983) to differentiate the species of PCN. They are likely to be structurally very similar, with the same physiological function (and therefore similar concentrations) in the two species. In cross-reactivity tests with a wide range of soil nematode species, the antibodies reacted strongly only with species of the genus Globodera, and thereby confirmed their potential as the basis of a quantitative immunoassay likely to be useful in management of PCN populations. 相似文献
24.
25.
26.
27.
P. de la Rúa J. Serrano G. M. Hewitt J. Galián 《Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research》1996,34(2):95-101
The major ribosomal DNA (rDNA) loci were localized on meiotic and mitotic chromosomes and in interphase nuclei of 18 ground-beetle species belonging to three tribes of the supertribe Carabitae by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), using a PCR-amplified 18S rDNA as a probe. Meiotic observations indicate that the 18S rDNA sequences are located on the largest autosomal bivalent in 12 species of Carabus , two species of Calosoma (both genera belonging to the tribe Carabini), and three sibling species of Ceroglossus chilensis (tribe Ceroglossini). The data suggest the occurrence of a conservative pattern in these three genera despite the chromosomal rearrangements that have led to karyotypes with higher chromosome numbers in Ceroglossus . A different result is found in Cychrus caraboides (tribe Cychrini), where ribosomal cistrons are located in two medium-sized autosomal pairs. Further species of Cychrini should be studied for corroborating the occurrence of molecular and karyotypical apomorphies in Cychrus with regard to the genera Carabus, Calosoma and Ceroglossus . 相似文献
28.
29.
A noncoding nuclear DNA marker sequence (Cpnl-1) was used to investigate subdivision in the grasshopper Chorthippus parallelus and deduce postglacial expansion patterns across its species range in Europe. Investigation of the spatial distribution of 71 Cpnl-1 haplotypes and estimation of levels of genetic differentiation (KST values) between populations and geographic regions provided evidence for subdivision of C. parallelus into at least five major geographic regions and indicated that the French form of C. parallelus originated after range expansion from a Balkan refugium, Further evidence for subdivision of C. parallelus between Italy and northern Europe suggests that the Alps may have formed a significant barrier to gene flow in this grasshopper. 相似文献
30.