全文获取类型
收费全文 | 87篇 |
免费 | 18篇 |
专业分类
105篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 1篇 |
2018年 | 1篇 |
2016年 | 1篇 |
2015年 | 3篇 |
2013年 | 4篇 |
2012年 | 5篇 |
2011年 | 4篇 |
2010年 | 3篇 |
2009年 | 4篇 |
2008年 | 3篇 |
2007年 | 4篇 |
2006年 | 8篇 |
2005年 | 5篇 |
2004年 | 2篇 |
2003年 | 4篇 |
2002年 | 5篇 |
2001年 | 3篇 |
2000年 | 3篇 |
1999年 | 3篇 |
1998年 | 1篇 |
1997年 | 5篇 |
1996年 | 2篇 |
1995年 | 3篇 |
1994年 | 2篇 |
1993年 | 2篇 |
1992年 | 3篇 |
1991年 | 2篇 |
1990年 | 4篇 |
1989年 | 1篇 |
1988年 | 2篇 |
1987年 | 1篇 |
1986年 | 3篇 |
1985年 | 2篇 |
1984年 | 2篇 |
1982年 | 1篇 |
1980年 | 1篇 |
1974年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有105条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
81.
Endogenous expression of the adaptor protein hematopoietic Src homology 2-containing adaptor protein (HSH2) is regulated in a dynamic manner during B cell maturation and differentiation. Developing B cells lack detectable HSH2, whereas transitional 1 and 2 B cells in the periphery exhibit increasing levels of expression. Mature follicular B cells exhibit decreased expression of HSH2 compared with transitional 2 B cells, and expression is further downregulated in germinal center B cells. In contrast, marginal zone B cells and B1a/b B cells exhibit high-level HSH2 expression. Regulation of HSH2 expression plays a critical role in determining the outcome of the humoral immune response as demonstrated using HSH2 transgenic (Tg) mice. Constitutive expression of HSH2 in the B lineage at levels comparable to B1a/b B cells results in decreased serum Ig titers for all subclasses with the exception of IgA. HSH2 Tg mice immunized with T-dependent or T-independent Ags exhibit a moderate decrease in the production of Ag-specific IgM, whereas class-switched isotypes are decreased by ~80-90% compared with control mice. Analysis of HSH2 Tg B cell activation in vitro demonstrated that HSH2 selectively regulates the B cell response to TNF family receptors (i.e., CD40 and BAFF-R), but not BCR- or TLR-dependent signals. These data demonstrate that changes in HSH2 expression have profound effects on the humoral immune response. 相似文献
82.
Ion contents in needles from Norway spruce trees [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] growing in Würzburg and in the SO2-polluted Erzgebirge mountains were analysed to quantify cations which accumulate together with sulphate. In Würzburg there was a positive correlation of potassium (0.680 ± 0.300 Eq Eq?1 SO4?2), magnesium (0.415 ± 0.111 Eq Eq?1 SO4?2) and zinc (0.059 ± 0.006 Eq Eq?1 SO42?). In the Erzgebirge, potassium was also the stoichiometrically most important cation (0–887 ± 0–180 Eq K+ Eq?1 SO42?). All other correlations examined were weak or statistically non-significant. At both sites the calcium content of spruce needles did not depend on the sulphate content. The lack of a role for Ca2+ in neutralizing sulphate is a consequence of the presence of free oxalic acid in needles. Soluble oxalic acid precipitates Ca2+, which thereby becomes unavailable as a counterion for SO42?. The activity coefficients of Ca2+ and oxalate2?, and the solubility product of Ca-oxalate, were determined from in vivo data. It is concluded that the chronic accumulation of atmospheric sulphate in spruce needle vacuoles depletes available potassium and thereby strongly interferes with spruce growth and canopy turnover. This leads to impaired spruce vitality, even at sites where acute SO2 disease symptoms are absent. 相似文献
83.
84.
Elevated CO2 enhances stomatal responses to osmotic stress and abscisic acid in Arabidopsis thaliana 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A , carbon assimilation rate
ABA, abscisic acid
Ci , intercellular space CO
g , leaf conductance
WUE, water use efficiency
Carbon dioxide and abscisic acid (ABA) are two major signals triggering stomatal closure. Their putative interaction in stomatal regulation was investigated in well-watered air-grown or double CO
85.
Rapid, reversible staining of northern blots prior to hybridization 总被引:39,自引:0,他引:39
86.
In vitro self-splicing reactions of the chloroplast group I intron Cr.LSU from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and in vivo manipulation via gene-replacement. 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0 下载免费PDF全文
The group I intron from the chloroplast rRNA large subunit of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (Cr.LSU) undergoes autocatalytic splicing in vitro. Cr.LSU displays a range of reactions typical of other group I introns. Under optimal conditions, the 5' cleavage step proceeds rapidly, but the exon-ligation step is relatively slow, and no pH dependent hydrolysis of the 3' splice site occurs. A requirement for high temperature and high [Mg2+] suggests involvement of additional splicing factors in vivo. The positions of three cyclization sites of the free intron have been mapped; two of these sites represent reactions analogous to 5'-splice site cleavage, whereas the third is an example of G-exchange. Cr.LSU contains an open reading frame (ORF) potentially encoding an 163 amino acid polypeptide. ORF function has been investigated by using chloroplast gene replacement via particle bombardment. We have shown that the ORF can be deleted from Cr.LSU without affecting splicing in vivo and it thus does not encode an essential splicing factor. 相似文献
87.
CHANTAL BROSSARD FLORENCE ROUSSEAU GENEVIÈVE LLAMAS JEAN-PIERRE DUMONT 《Journal of sensory studies》2002,17(6):511-525
This study aimed to check the hypothesis that aroma concentration in the aqueous phase of an oil-in-water emulsion controlled the odor intensity of single aroma compounds. A set of flavored oil-in-water emulsions, prepared according to a 22 experimental design (aroma concentration, oil volume fraction) with two central points, was assessed for odor intensity by a 24-member panel during four sessions. In each session, three of the four-studied aroma molecules (benzaldehyde, ethyl butyrate, linalool and acetophenone) were investigated. Whatever the aroma, the experimental data showed that the oil volume fraction of the emulsion (from 0.12 to 0.48) did not influence the odor intensity. For each emulsion composition, aroma concentrations at equilibrium in both phases were calculated using the oil-water partition coefficient of the compound. Odor intensities, estimated from aroma concentration in the aqueous phase using previously reported modeling of odor intensity above water solutions, were then compared to experimental data. It is confirmed that the perceived odor intensity is governed by the aroma concentration in the aqueous phase at the time of the trial and not by the averaged apparent concentration in the emulsion. 相似文献
88.
Minko I Holloway SP Nikaido S Carter M Odom OW Johnson CH Herrin DL 《Molecular & general genetics : MGG》1999,262(3):421-425
The use of luciferases as reporters of gene expression in living cells has been extended to the chloroplast genome. We show
that the luciferase from the soft coral Renilla reniformis (Rluc) can be successfully expressed in the chloroplast of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Expression of the rluc cDNA was driven by the promoter and 5′ untranslated regions of the atpA gene. Western analysis with an anti-Rluc antibody detected a single polypeptide of 38 kDa in the luminescent cells. This
is 3 kDa larger than native Rluc, and suggests that translation of the chimeric mRNA begins at the atpA start codon, 29 codons upstream from the rluc start site. We also show that the luminescence of the transformants was sufficient to enable imaging of colonies using a
cooled CCD camera.
Received: 12 April 1999 / Accepted: 24 June 1999 相似文献
89.
90.