A followup study of the academic attainment and classroom behavior of children with elevated dentine lead levels

To investigate the impact of low-level lead exposure on children's behavior within a natural setting, we assessed the school performance of a sample of 141 elementary school children classified according to dentine lead level. Twenty-two children had “elevated” levels (≥20 parts per million), 71 had “midrange” levels (10.0–19.9 parts per million), and 48 had “low” levels (<10 parts per million). Four types of outcome data were collected: (1) scores on a standardized group intelligence test, (2) teachers' ratings, (3) incidence of academic failure (assignment to remedial aid, grade retention), and (4) observations of classroom behavior. In general, higher dentine lead levels were associated with less favorable school performance, with most covariance-adjustedp-values in the range of 0.05–0.15. The incidence of grade retention was the outcome most strongly related to lead level. The pattern of results suggests a consistent, though weak relationship between children's dentine lead levels and elementary school performance.     

Vascular morphology of the bovine spermatic cord and testis

Summary The highly coiled testicular artery within the bovine spermatic cord has a constant luminal diameter but a continuously decreasing mural thickness. The pampini form plexus is composed of three interconnected venous networks differing in mesh sizes and calibres. The large veins of the first network display pouches and permanent constrictions, which may serve as throttle devices. The constitutents of the third network are venules or venous capillaries with diameters between 10 and 20 m; they favor a periarterial position or even occupy the media-adventitia border of the testicular artery. All plexus veins are devoid of valves. The existence of true arteriovenous anastomoses between smaller branches of the testicular artery and plexus veins was established by serial sections. The vascular morphology of the spermatic cord is discussed with special attention to a postulated venous-arterial steroid transfer in this region.Supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft and the Stiftung zur Förderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung an der Universität Bern     

Abdominal segment formation in Spirorbis moerchi (Polychaeta)

Summary The development of abdominal segments in Spirorbis moerchi (Polychaeta: Annelida) was studied by light and electron microscopy. Abdominal segments develop in strict succession from anterior to posterior. Segmentation is initiated in the mesoderm and is followed by segmentation of the ectoderm. The mesoderm of the abdominal segments arises entirely from pygidial residual mesoderm; inward migration of cells from the pygidial ectoderm to give rise to mesoderm does not occur. The primordial germ cells remain distinct from the residual mesoderm of the pygidial growth region. After several abdominal segments have developed, the primordial germ cells migrate posteriorly from the achaetous region, invade the abdominal segments, and give rise to the retroperitoneal gonads. Abdominal segment formation is discussed in terms of heteronomy, primordial germ cell origin, gonad formation, and development of the circulatory system.     

Structural alterations of tapetal cells in the retina of cats induced by prolonged treatment with chloroquine

Summary Cats were treated with high doses of chloroquine for one year during which the ocular fundus was periodically examined. After completion of the treatment, the tapetal cells were investigated by light and electron microscopy. Prolonged treatment with the retinotoxic drug chloroquine reduced the light reflection of the fundus, and examination by light and electron microscopy revealed a destruction of the rod-like structures in the cytoplasm of the tapetal cells.     

Size variation polymorphisms of the short arm of human acrocentric chromosomes determined by R-banding by fluorescence using acridine orange (RFA)

Summary One hundred normal Caucasians were studied by the RFA technique to estimate the frequencies of size variation of the short arm of acrocentric chromosomes. Each size variation was classified into one of five levels. The most frequent size level (code) was 3; therefore, this was regarded as the average size. If one excludes the average size, the frequencies of size variation by RFA for chromosome 13, 14, 15, 21, and 22 were 22.5, 19.5, 14.5, 19, and 17% respectively. There was no significant difference for the overall frequencies of size variation between sexes. Furthermore, the RFA technique detects more variation in the size of human acrocentric chromosomes than any other method.     

Dielectric dispersion of actin

The dielectric dispersion of G-actin was 7 X 10(6) Hz, and the low frequency reduced dielectric increment 0.99 +/- 0.15 ml/mg. The dielectric increment of F-actin in the range 10(5) to 10(8) Hz was very low, about 0.3.     

24-methylenepollinastanol and 24-dehydropollinastanol—two sterols of pollen

The esterified and unesterified sterol fractions of bee-gathered mixed pollens were examined, and total sterol composition was determined. Two new sterols of pollens, 14α-methyl-9β,19-cyclo-5α-cholest-24-en-3β-ol (24-dehydropollinastanol) and 14α-methyl-5α-ergost-24(28)-en-3β-ol (24-methylenepollinastanol) were isolated and identified. Both sterols were found primarily in the esterified sterol fraction, and 24-methylenepollinastanol accounted for 43% of the sterols of this fraction. 24-Dehydropollinastanol and four other sterols which also contain a 9β,19-cyclopropane ring were found only in the esterified sterol fraction. 24-Methylenecholesterol was the major sterol of the unesterified sterol fraction.     

Absolute configurations of isoflavans

The absolute configurations of isoflavans and isoflavanquinones isolated from Cyclolobium, Dalbergia and Machaerium species were established by comparison of their ORD curves with that of (3S)-5,7,3′,4′-tetra-methoxyisoflavan and (3S)-7,4′-dimethoxyisoflavan-2′,5′-quinone, respectively. The assignments were checked by the ozonolysis of the isoflavan (?)-duartin to (R)-paraconic acid and the oxidation of isoflavans to isoflavanquinones. The PMR spectra of the dihydropyran ring of the isoflavans are discussed in terms of the preferred conformation of this ring.