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71.
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Abstract A phenanthrene degrading strain of Alcaligenes sp. was isolated from oil polluted soil. Addition of Alcaligenes sp. to soil microcosms supplemented with phenanthrene (1 mg/g dry soil) resulted in degradation of the added phenanthrene within 11 days. The phenanthrene concentration declined only 12% in uninoculated soil during 42 days. The total phenanthrene degradation potential of Alcaligenes sp. was 2.3 mg/g dry soil during a period of 22 days. The amount of CO2 evolved during 22 days corresponded to the conversion of 91% of the degraded phenanthrene to CO2 . The Alcaligenes sp. were not able to degrade phenanthrene in sterile soil. 相似文献
73.
Generation of Metal-Binding Staphylococci through Surface Display of Combinatorially Engineered Cellulose-Binding Domains 总被引:1,自引:2,他引:1 下载免费PDF全文
Henrik Wernrus Janne Lehti Tuula Teeri Per-ke Nygren Stefan Sthl 《Applied microbiology》2001,67(10):4678-4684
Ni2+-binding staphylococci were generated through surface display of combinatorially engineered variants of a fungal cellulose-binding domain (CBD) from Trichoderma reesei cellulase Cel7A. Novel CBD variants were generated by combinatorial protein engineering through the randomization of 11 amino acid positions, and eight potentially Ni2+-binding CBDs were selected by phage display technology. These new variants were subsequently genetically introduced into chimeric surface proteins for surface display on Staphylococcus carnosus cells. The expressed chimeric proteins were shown to be properly targeted to the cell wall of S. carnosus cells, since full-length proteins could be extracted and affinity purified. Surface accessibility for the chimeric proteins was demonstrated, and furthermore, the engineered CBDs, now devoid of cellulose-binding capacity, were shown to be functional with regard to metal binding, since the recombinant staphylococci had gained Ni2+-binding capacity. Potential environmental applications for such tailor-made metal-binding bacteria as bioadsorbents in biofilters or biosensors are discussed. 相似文献
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Michael F. Fay Ruth Bone Peter Cook Imalka Kahandawala Jennifer Greensmith Stacey Harris Henrik ?. Pedersen Martin J. Ingrouille Christian Lexer 《Annals of botany》2009,104(3):517-525
Background and Aims
Cypripedium calceolus, although widespread in Eurasia, is rare in many countries in which it occurs. Population genetics studies with nuclear DNA markers on this species have been hampered by its large nuclear genome size. Plastid DNA markers are used here to gain an understanding of variation within and between populations and of biogeographical patterns.Methods
Thirteen length-variable regions (microsatellites and insertions/deletions) were identified in non-coding plastid DNA. These and a previously identified complex microsatellite in the trnL-trnF intergenic spacer were used to identify plastid DNA haplotypes for European samples, with sampling focused on England, Denmark and Sweden.Key Results
The 13 additional length-variable regions identified were two homopolymer (polyA) repeats in the rps16 intron and a homopolymer (polyA) repeat and ten indels in the accD-psa1 intergenic spacer. In accD-psa1, most of these were in an extremely AT-rich region, and it was not possible to design primers in the flanking regions; therefore, the whole intergenic spacer was sequenced. Together, these new regions and the trnL-trnF complex microsatellite allowed 23 haplotypes to be characterized. Many were found in only one or a few samples (probably due to low sampling density), but some commoner haplotypes were widespread. Most of the genetic variation was found within rather than between populations (83 vs. 18%, respectively). Two haplotypes occurred from the Spanish Pyrenees to Sweden.Conclusions
Plastid DNA data can be used to gain an understanding of patterns of genetic variation and seed-mediated gene flow in orchids. Although these data are less information-rich than those for nuclear DNA, they present a useful option for studying species with large genomes. Here they support the hypothesis of long-distance seed dispersal often proposed for orchids.Key words: Biogeography, Cypripedium calceolus, genome size, plastid microsatellites, population genetics, seed dispersal 相似文献76.
We use sequences from the nuclear ribosomal genes, 18S and 28S to analyze the phylogeny of the Rhizocephala Akentrogonida including two species, Clistosaccus paguri and Chthamalophilus delagei, that are critical for understanding rhizocephalan evolution but have not previously been part of a molecularly based study. In addition we use light and scanning electron microscopy to compare the cypris larvae of C. paguri, Sylon hippolytes and two species of the family Thompsoniidae, since this larval stage offers a suite of characters for analyzing the evolution of these otherwise highly reduced parasites. The Rhizocephala Akentrogonida form a monophyletic group nested within a paraphyletic “Kentrogonida”. C. paguri and S. hippolytes are sistergroups confirming the monophyly of the Clistosaccidae that was originally based on similarities in the cypris larvae. We find numerous LM and SEM level similarities between the two species, many of which appear to be correlated with their specialized sexual system, where male cyprids use an antennule to implant cells into the virgin female parasite. Some of these traits are also found in cyprids of the thompsoniid species. We conclude that the special cypris morphology and the implantation of males by antennular penetration was present in the stem species to the Thompsoniidae and the Clistosaccidae and emphasize the power of larval characters in rhizocephalan systematics. C. delagei is a sister group to Boschmaella balani and the two are nested deep within the Akentrogonida. This confirms the monophyly of the Chthamalophilidae and falsifies the theory that C. delagei should represent the most primitive extant rhizocephalan. Instead, chthamalophilid rhizocephalans represent some of the most highly advanced members of the parasitic barnacles. 相似文献
77.
Nakul Mandal Steffen Heegaard Jan Ulrik Prause Bent Honoré Henrik Vorum 《Biological procedures online》2010,12(1):56-88
The intention of this review is to provide an overview of current methodologies employed in the rapidly developing field of
ocular proteomics with emphasis on sample preparation, two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) and mass
spectrometry (MS). Appropriate sample preparation for the diverse range of cells and tissues of the eye is essential to ensure
reliable results. Current methods of protein staining for 2D-PAGE, protein labelling for two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis,
gel-based expression analysis and protein identification by MS are summarised. The uses of gel-free MS-based strategies (MuDPIT,
iTRAQ, ICAT and SILAC) are also discussed. Proteomic technologies promise to shed new light onto ocular disease processes
that could lead to the discovery of strong novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets useful in many ophthalmic conditions. 相似文献
78.
Pollinator population size and pollination ecosystem service responses to enhancing floral and nesting resources 下载免费PDF全文
Johanna Häussler Ullrika Sahlin Charlotte Baey Henrik G. Smith Yann Clough 《Ecology and evolution》2017,7(6):1898-1908
Modeling pollination ecosystem services requires a spatially explicit, process‐based approach because they depend on both the behavioral responses of pollinators to the amount and spatial arrangement of habitat and on the within‐ and between‐season dynamics of pollinator populations in response to land use. We describe a novel pollinator model predicting flower visitation rates by wild central‐place foragers (e.g., nesting bees) in spatially explicit landscapes. The model goes beyond existing approaches by: (1) integrating preferential use of more rewarding floral and nesting resources; (2) considering population growth over time; (3) allowing different dispersal distances for workers and reproductives; (4) providing visitation rates for use in crop pollination models. We use the model to estimate the effect of establishing grassy field margins offering nesting resources and a low quantity of flower resources, and/or late‐flowering flower strips offering no nesting resources but abundant flowers, on bumble bee populations and visitation rates to flowers in landscapes that differ in amounts of linear seminatural habitats and early mass‐flowering crops. Flower strips were three times more effective in increasing pollinator populations and visitation rates than field margins, and this effect increased over time. Late‐blooming flower strips increased early‐season visitation rates, but decreased visitation rates in other late‐season flowers. Increases in population size over time in response to flower strips and amounts of linear seminatural habitats reduced this apparent competition for pollinators. Our spatially explicit, process‐based model generates emergent patterns reflecting empirical observations, such that adding flower resources may have contrasting short‐ and long‐term effects due to apparent competition for pollinators and pollinator population size increase. It allows exploring these effects and comparing effect sizes in ways not possible with other existing models. Future applications include species comparisons, analysis of the sensitivity of predictions to life‐history traits, as well as large‐scale management intervention and policy assessment. 相似文献
79.
Twenty Aspergillus strains were evaluated for production of extracellular cellulolytic and xylanolytic activities. Aspergillus brasiliensis, A. niger and A. japonicus produced the highest xylanase activities with the A. brasiliensis and A. niger strains producing thermostable β-xylosidases. The β-xylosidase activities of the A. brasiliensis and A. niger strains had similar temperature and pH optima at 75°C and pH 5 and retained 62% and 99%, respectively, of these activities
over 1 h at 60°C. At 75°C, these values were 38 and 44%, respectively. Whereas A. niger is a well known enzyme producer, this is the first report of xylanase and thermostable β-xylosidase production from the newly
identified, non-ochratoxin-producing species A. brasiliensis. 相似文献
80.