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71.
Demonstration of an “Excitation-Contraction Recoupling” Mechanism in Mammalian Ventricular Myocardium 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A PROCESS called “excitation-contraction coupling” has been generally accepted to take place only in the direction of excitation to contraction. Through this mechanism a propagated action potential initiates an active state in skeletal or cardiac muscle and the muscle contracts. We propose that, in the mammalian ventricular myocardium at least, the process is not unidirectional and an important reverse coupling between the contractile system and the excitable plasma membrane has been overlooked. Through this feedback interaction the mode of contraction (that is, isotonic or isometric) not only determines the instantaneous electrical state of the plasma membrane, but also influences the mechanical events of the subsequent beats. Thus when Kaufmann et al.1 recorded intracellular action potentials from cat papillary muscle, the time course of the repolarization was altered depending on the mode of contraction. Some kind of contraction-excitation feedback has also been suggested by Stauch2 and Lab3,4. They showed a difference in the shape of the monophasic action potential, as recorded by a suction electrode, when comparing isotonic and isovolumic contraction of the intact ventricle. But their experimental conditions did not allow satisfactory analysis of the phenomenon. 相似文献
72.
73.
Function of the <Emphasis Type="Italic">rel</Emphasis> Gene in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Escherichia coli</Emphasis> 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Sokawa et al. suggest that rel- strains of Escherichia coli possess abnormal protein synthesizing machinery, which cannot carry out normal protein synthesis when the supply of amino-acids is limited. 相似文献
74.
AVRAM HERSHKO PIERRE MAMONT ROBERT SHIELDS GORDON M. TOMKINS 《Nature: New biology》1971,232(33):206-211
A hypothesis has been developed to relate stringent control in bacteria to a set of interactions involved in the regulation of growth of transformed and untransformed mammalian cells. 相似文献
75.
Kimball and Wilson1 reported that the arabinose analogue of cytidine (ara-C) inhibited DNA polymerase in a crude extract prepared from Ehrlich ascites cells. Furth and Cohen2 observed cytosine arabinoside triphosphate (ara-CTP) inhibited DNA polymerase in extracts from either calf thymus or bovine lymphosarcoma tissue, although these investigators3 had already found no effect of ara-CTP on DNA polymerase from Escherichia coli. The inhibition in both of these cases could be substantially reversed by dCTP; but incorporation of the arabinose nucleotide (ara-CMP) into DNA could not be unequivocally demonstrated. Graham and Whitmore4 reported the incorporation of ara-C into DNA in vivo and the inhibition of a DNA polymerase from L cells by ara-CTP. They found that ara-CMP was initially incorporated into small DNA strands but subsequently appeared in long strands. Momparler5 has presented evidence that, in vitro, ara-C incorporation was limited to the 3′-hydroxyl end of DNA chains. Such incorporation might be expected to block further chain elongation but this expectation was not supported by the evidence presented by Graham and Whitmore. 相似文献
76.
ALINA TAYLOR 《Nature: New biology》1971,234(48):144-145
JACOB and Fuerst1,2 demonstrated the presence of a bacteriolytic enzyme (λ-endolysin) in the induced cultures of lysogenic Escherichia coli K12 (λ). The enzyme was later identified as the product of gene R; of phage λ3 which is involved in bacterial lysis at the end of a latent period. The enzyme is apt to form spheroplast-like structures in E. coli2 and one would therefore expect its substrate to be murein. 相似文献
77.
78.
79.
U. Henning und C. Herz 《Molecular & general genetics : MGG》1964,95(3):260-275
Summary Acetateless mutants ofEscherichia coli K 12 lacking the enzymatic activities either of the carboxylase, the lipoic reductase-transacetylase or of all components of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex are shown to be the consequence of mutations in the closely linked structural genes for the constituent enzymes of the enzyme complex. This genetic segment (the acetate locus = Ac) was found on theE. coli chromosome between the leucine and TR loci. Acetate and leucine loci are transduced jointly by the phage Plkc. The preparation is described of double mutants carrying two genetic lesions in the pyruvate dehydrogenase structural gene cluster. The mutant sites of 00-type strains have been localized in a part of the carboxylase structural gene corresponding to the left extremity (nearest the leucine locus) of the acetate locus.Studies on possible genetic relationships between the pyruvate and -ketoglutarate dehydrogenases (which regarding the individual reactions catalyzed are very similar and partly identical) revealed that the two -keto acid dehydrogenases most likely do not share any genetic determinant.
Mit 5 Textabbildungen 相似文献
Mit 5 Textabbildungen 相似文献
80.
Restoration of membrane incorporation of an Escherichia coli outer membrane protein (OmpA) defective in membrane insertion 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
M Klose F J?hnig I Hindennach U Henning 《The Journal of biological chemistry》1989,264(36):21842-21847
The mechanism of sorting, to the outer membrane, of the 325-residue Escherichia coli protein OmpA has been investigated. It is thought to traverse the membrane eight times in antiparallel beta-strands, forming an amphiphilic beta-barrel which encompasses residues 1 to about 170; the COOH-terminal moiety is periplasmic. A mutant, carrying the substitutions Leu164----Pro and Val166----Asp within the last beta-strand (residues 160-170), has been described which was unable to assemble in the membrane (Klose, M., MacIntyre, S., Schwarz, H., and Henning, U. (1988) J. Biol. Chem. 263, 13297-13302). Linkers were inserted between the codons for residues 164 and 165 of the mutant protein. Of 13 different genes recovered, five encoded proteins which had regained the ability to assemble in the membrane. The properties of the mutant proteins, together with a structure prediction method, indicate the following rules for the final beta-strand to be compatible with, or possibly initiate, membrane insertion: (i) it must be amphiphilic or hydrophobic while its primary structure as such is fairly unimportant, (ii) it must extend over at least 9 residues, and (iii) it must not contain a proline residue around its center. One of the genes recovered coded for OmpA up to residue 164 and then followed by 10 linker-encoded residues. This 174-residue polypeptide was assembled in the membrane but did not, in contrast to all other proteins, expose sites sensitive to trypsin at the inner face of the membrane. This behavior agrees perfectly well with the OmpA model. 相似文献