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441.
442.
Purpose
Fixational saccades shift the foveal image to counteract visual fading related to neural adaptation. Drifts are slow eye movements between two adjacent fixational saccades. We quantified fixational saccades and asked whether their changes could be attributed to pathologic drifts seen in amblyopia, one of the most common causes of blindness in childhood.Methods
Thirty-six pediatric subjects with varying severity of amblyopia and eleven healthy age-matched controls held their gaze on a visual target. Eye movements were measured with high-resolution video-oculography during fellow eye-viewing and amblyopic eye-viewing conditions. Fixational saccades and drifts were analyzed in the amblyopic and fellow eye and compared with controls.Results
We found an increase in the amplitude with decreased frequency of fixational saccades in children with amblyopia. These alterations in fixational eye movements correlated with the severity of their amblyopia. There was also an increase in eye position variance during drifts in amblyopes. There was no correlation between the eye position variance or the eye velocity during ocular drifts and the amplitude of subsequent fixational saccade. Our findings suggest that abnormalities in fixational saccades in amblyopia are independent of the ocular drift.Discussion
This investigation of amblyopia in pediatric age group quantitatively characterizes the fixation instability. Impaired properties of fixational saccades could be the consequence of abnormal processing and reorganization of the visual system in amblyopia. Paucity in the visual feedback during amblyopic eye-viewing condition can attribute to the increased eye position variance and drift velocity. 相似文献443.
Nadim S. Shaikh Jitesh P. Iyer Yogesh S. Munot Partha P. Mukhopadhyay Amol A. Raje Ranganayaki Nagaraj Vijay Jamdar Ravindra Gavhane Mahendra Lohote Prasad Sherkar Madhu Bala Rajkanth Petla Ashwinkumar Meru Dhananjay Umrani Sreekanth Rouduri Sachin Joshi Satyanarayan Reddy Vishwottam Kandikere Kasim A. Mookhtiar 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》2019,29(16):2208-2217
Targeting nuclear receptor RORγ is recognized to be beneficial in multiple autoimmune disorders. We disclosed new indole analogues as potent RORγ inverse agonists. RO-2 as one of the potent and orally bioavailable compounds was evaluated in various models of autoimmune disorder. It showed potent suppression of downstream markers of RORγt activity in murine and human primary cells, ex vivo PD assay and in multiple animal models of autoimmune diseases. The results indicate the potential of these indole analogues as orally bioavailable small molecule inverse agonists of RORγt, efficacious in various Th17 driven models of autoimmune disorders. 相似文献
444.
445.
Systematic construction of gene coexpression networks with applications to human T helper cell differentiation process 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Elo LL Järvenpää H Oresic M Lahesmaa R Aittokallio T 《Bioinformatics (Oxford, England)》2007,23(16):2096-2103
Motivation: Coexpression networks have recently emerged as anovel holistic approach to microarray data analysis and interpretation.Choosing an appropriate cutoff threshold, above which a gene–geneinteraction is considered as relevant, is a critical task inmost network-centric applications, especially when two or morenetworks are being compared. Results: We demonstrate that the performance of traditionalapproaches, which are based on a pre-defined cutoff or significancelevel, can vary drastically depending on the type of data andapplication. Therefore, we introduce a systematic procedurefor estimating a cutoff threshold of coexpression networks directlyfrom their topological properties. Both synthetic and real datasetsshow clear benefits of our data-driven approach under variouspractical circumstances. In particular, the procedure providesa robust estimate of individual degree distributions, even frommultiple microarray studies performed with different array platformsor experimental designs, which can be used to discriminate thecorresponding phenotypes. Application to human T helper celldifferentiation process provides useful insights into the componentsand interactions controlling this process, many of which wouldhave remained unidentified on the basis of expression changealone. Moreover, several human–mouse orthologs showedconserved topological changes in both systems, suggesting theirpotential importance in the differentiation process. Contact: laliel{at}utu.fi Supplementary information: Supplementary data are availableat Bioinformatics online.
Associate Editor: David Rocke 相似文献
446.
447.
Schroeder-Gloeckler JM Rahman SM Janssen RC Qiao L Shao J Roper M Fischer SJ Lowe E Orlicky DJ McManaman JL Palmer C Gitomer WL Huang W O'Doherty RM Becker TC Klemm DJ Jensen DR Pulawa LK Eckel RH Friedman JE 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2007,282(21):15717-15729
CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta (C/EBPbeta) plays a key role in initiation of adipogenesis in adipose tissue and gluconeogenesis in liver; however, the role of C/EBPbeta in hepatic lipogenesis remains undefined. Here we show that C/EBPbeta inactivation in Lepr(db/db) mice attenuates obesity, fatty liver, and diabetes. In addition to impaired adipogenesis, livers from C/EBPbeta(-/-) x Lepr(db/db) mice had dramatically decreased triglyceride content and reduced lipogenic enzyme activity. C/EBPbeta deletion in Lepr(db/db) mice down-regulated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma2 (PPARgamma2) and stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 and up-regulated PPARalpha independent of SREBP1c. Conversely, C/EBPbeta overexpression in wild-type mice increased PPARgamma2 and stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 mRNA and hepatic triglyceride content. In FAO cells, overexpression of the liver inhibiting form of C/EBPbeta or C/EBPbeta RNA interference attenuated palmitate-induced triglyceride accumulation and reduced PPARgamma2 and triglyceride levels in the liver in vivo. Leptin and the anti-diabetic drug metformin acutely down-regulated C/EBPbeta expression in hepatocytes, whereas fatty acids up-regulate C/EBPbeta expression. These data provide novel evidence linking C/EBPbeta expression to lipogenesis and energy balance with important implications for the treatment of obesity and fatty liver disease. 相似文献
448.
K. Stephen Suh Yvonne K. Remache Jalpa S. Patel Steve H. Chen Russell Haystrand Peggy Ford Anadil M. Shaikh Jian Wang Andre H. Goy 《Cell and tissue banking》2009,10(1):43-48
Modern cancer research for biomarker discovery program requires solving several tasks that are directly involved with patient
sample procurement. One requirement is to construct a highly efficient workflow on the clinical side for the procurement to
generate a consistent supply of high quality samples for research. This undertaking needs a network of interdepartmental collaborations
and participations at various levels, including physical human interactions, information technology implementations and a
bioinformatics tool that is highly effective and user-friendly to busy clinicians and researchers associated with the sample
procurement. Collegial participation that is sequential but continual from one department to another demands dedicated bioinformatics
software coordinating between the institutional clinic and the tissue repository facility. Participants in the process include
admissions, consenting process, phlebotomy, surgery center and pathology. During this multiple step procedures, clinical data
are collected for detailed analytical endpoints to supplement logistics of defining and validating the discovery of biomarkers.
相似文献
Andre H. Goy (Corresponding author)Email: |
449.
Qualitative and quantitative changes in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) have been shown to be common causes of inherited neurodegenerative and muscular diseases, and have also been implicated in ageing. These diseases can be caused by primary mtDNA mutations, or by defects in nuclear‐encoded mtDNA maintenance proteins that cause secondary mtDNA mutagenesis or instability. Furthermore, it has been proposed that mtDNA copy number affects cellular tolerance to environmental stress. However, the mechanisms that regulate mtDNA copy number and the tissue‐specific consequences of mtDNA mutations are largely unknown. As post‐mitotic tissues differ greatly from proliferating cultured cells in their need for mtDNA maintenance, and as most mitochondrial diseases affect post‐mitotic cell types, the mouse is an important model in which to study mtDNA defects. Here, we review recently developed mouse models, and their contribution to our knowledge of mtDNA maintenance and its role in disease. 相似文献
450.
Hamid M. Shaikh Kiran V. Pandare Greeshma Nair Anjani J. Varma 《Carbohydrate polymers》2009,76(1):23-29
Sugarcane bagasse was fractionated to cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin by a proprietary steam explosion process, followed by downstream purifications, developed in our laboratory. The fractionated cellulose contained ~94% cellulose, about ~5% hemicellulose, traces of lignin (~0.2%), and ~1% ash. The cellulose was acetylated under heterogeneous conditions to obtain cellulose acetates. These were extensively characterized using FTIR, TGA, DSC, GPC, HPIC, WAXRD, and viscometry. The novel feature of this study was the utilization of the hemicellulose content (5%) of bagasse cellulose as an internal plasticizer. Through kinetic experimentation, we have demonstrated that the residual hemicellulose need not be considered as an impurity; rather it can be used in acetylated form as a plasticizer as well as a biodegradable additive for cellulose acetates made from slightly impure cellulose produced from non-wood origin. Our results therefore show how lignocellulosic agricultural wastes can be utilized to produce high value plastics. 相似文献